Kaféin
Kaféin atawa nyaéta hiji sanyawa alkaloid stimulan psikoaktif, kapanggih ku kimiawan Jérman Friedrich Ferdinand Runge taun 1819 (anjeunna ngistilahkeun kaffein, zat kimia anu aya dina kopi)[1]. Ieu zat téh ogé bagian tina campuran kimia guaranin nu aya dina guarana, matéin nu aya dina maté, jeung téin nu aya dina entéh; kabéhanana ngandung alkaloid lian kayaning téofilin jeung téobromin, stimulan jantung[2].
Kaféin dikandung dina kacang/siki, daun, jeung buah kalawan kadar anu béda-béda. Gunana taya lian pikeun péstisida alami nu maralisis jeung bisa maéhan serangga nu ngahakan éta tutuwuhan. Sumber kaféin pikeun manusa biasana diala tina ékstrak siki kopi jeung daun Camellia sinensis, sarta kadaharan/inuman nu ngandung produk turunan siki kola.
Pikeun awak manusa, kaféin téh stimulan sistem saraf puseur, nu balukarna sacara samentara bisa ngaleungitkeun rasa tunduh sarta ngaronjatkeun kawaspadaan. Kiwari, kaféin jadi zat psikoaktif nu panglobana dikonsumsi, utamana kusabab ieu zat mah teu dicaram konsumsina. Di Amérika Kalér, unggal poe 90% sawawa ngonsumsi kaféin[3]. Badan POM AS (FDA) ngadaptar kaféin salaku "multiple purpose generally recognized as safe food substance" (zat kadaharan multiguna nu sacara umum aman)[4].
Kaféin mibanda pasipatan diurétik, sahanteuna mun dibikeun ka nu teu toléran obat kalawan dosis anu cukup[5]. Sabalikna, pikeun nu geus biasa ngonsumsi mah toléransina beuki luat[5], sarta teu ngabalukarkeun déhidrasi[6][7][8]
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[édit] Rujukan
- ↑ "caffeine - Definitions from Dictionary.com". http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/caffeine. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2009.
- ↑ Balentine D. A., Harbowy M. E. and Graham H. N. (1998). G Spiller Tea: the Plant and its Manufacture; Chemistry and Consumption of the Beverage.
- ↑ Lovett, Richard (24 Séptémber 2005). "Coffee: The demon drink?". New Scientist (2518).
- ↑ "21 CFR 182.1180". U.S. Code of Federal Regulations. U.S. Office of the Federal Register. 1 April 2003. p. 462. http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2003/aprqtr/21cfr182.1180.htm. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2009.
- ↑ a b Griffin, R. J. (2003). "Caffeine ingestion and fluid balance: a review". Journal of human nutrition and dietetics 16 (6).
- ↑ "Really? The Claim: Caffeine Causes Dehydration", The New York Times. Disalin 2009-08-03.
- ↑ Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, Maresh CM, Ganio MS (2007). "Caffeine, fluid-electrolyte balance, temperature regulation, and exercise-heat tolerance". Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 35 (3): 135–140. (Review article)
- ↑ Armstrong LE, Pumerantz AC, Roti MW, Judelson DA, Watson G, Dias JC, Sokmen B, Casa DJ, Maresh CM, Lieberman H, Kellogg M. (2005). "Fluid, electrolyte, and renal indices of hydration during 11 days of controlled caffeine consumption". Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 15 (3): 252–265. (Placebo controlled randomized clinical trial)
[édit] Tumbu kaluar
[édit] Émbaran umum
- How Stuff Works: "How Caffeine Works"
- Erowid Caffeine Vaults
- Highly Caffeinated: The Caffeine Information Archive"
- National Geographic January 2005: Caffeine
- Caffeine Zone: Social and Medical info on caffeine and its effects.
- Naked Scientists Online: Why do plants make caffeine?
- The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Caffeine: A User's Guide
- The Consumers Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs, Caffeine-Part 1 Part 2
- Coffee: A Little Really Does Go a Long Way, NPR, September 28, 2006
- Does coffee really give you a buzz? by John Triggs in the Daily Express April 17 2007
- Caffeine: ChemSub Online
- How much caffeine is in your daily habit? (Caffeine content in common foods and drinks) by Mayo Clinic Staff October 2007
- How to determine caffeine in decaffeinated coffee by NIR spectroscopy
[édit] Warta
- Alcohol and Drugs History Society: Caffeine news page
- National Post: Caffeine linked to psychiatric disorders
- Caffeine Withdrawal Recognized as a Disorder
[édit] Kawaluyaan
- Is Caffeine a Health Hazard?
- eMedicine Caffeine-Related Psychiatric Disorders
- Protects brain from Alzheimer's?
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