Crotalinae

Crotalinae
	Salah sahiji jinis oray tina sub-kulawarga Crotalinae (Pit Viper).
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Karajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Reptilia
Ordo:	Squamata
Subordo:	Serpentes
Kulawarga:	Viperidae
Subfamili:	Crotalinae; Oppel, 1811

Crotalinae nyaéta hiji sub-kulawarga oray peurahan tina kulawarga Viperidae anu sumebar di buana Asia sarta Amérika.^[1] Oray dina kelompok ieu kawéntar ku sebutan Pit Viper alatan miboga liang sénsor panas anu unik dina pameunteuna.^[2]

Vérnakular

Dina basa Sunda sarta basa sanésna, kelompok ieu miboga sababaraha nami:

Dina basa Sunda, anggotana ngawengku Oray taneuh sarta rupa-rupa Oray héjo.^[3]
Dina basa Inggris, disebut Pit vipers (Viper miboga liang).^[4]
Dina basa Indonésia, sering disebut Ular beludak atanapi Bandotan.

Morfologi

Ciri utama Crotalinae anu ngabédakeunana sareng Viperinae (viper sajati) nyaéta:

Liang Sénsor Panas (Loreal Pits): Miboga sapasang liang di antara panon sarta liang irung. Ieu pakakas fungsi pikeun "ningali" radiasi panas (infra beureum) tina sato mamalia, sangkan bisa moro dina kaayaan poék sakaligus.^[5]
Huntu Peurah: Miboga taring anu panjang sarta bisa ditekuk (solenoglypha).^[6]
Sirah: Ilaharna miboga bentuk sirah segitiga anu kacida jelasna kusabab ayana kelenjar peurah anu badag dina bagian tukang rahang.^[7]

Sebaran

Kelompok oray ieu miboga wewengkon sebaran anu kacida legana:

Dunya Anyar (Amérika): Ti mimiti Kanada kidul dugi ka Argéntina tengah.^[8]
Dunya Kolot (Asia): Ti mimiti wilayah Kaspia dugi ka Jepang, Indonésia, Indi, sarta Srilanka.^[9]

Habitat

Crotalinae bisa hirup dina rupa-rupa habitat, mimiti tina gurun anu garing (saperti oray deudeuk), leuweung hujan tropis (saperti oray taneuh), dugi ka pagunungan anu luhur.^[10] Aya jinis anu hirup di handap (terestrial) sarta aya ogé anu hirup dina tangkal (arboreal).

Konservasi

Status konservasi unggal spésiés béda-béda, nanging seueur jinis Crotalinae anu populasina mimiti turun alatan habitatna kaganggu sarta sering dianggap hama ku manusa.^[11]

Référénsi

↑ Campbell, J. A., & Lamar, W. W. (2004). The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates.
↑ McDiarmid, R. W., et al. (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference.
↑ Kamus Basa Sunda R.A. Danadibrata. (2006). Kiblat Buku Utama.
↑ Mallow, D., et al. (2003). True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers.
↑ Gopalakrishnakone, P. (1994). Snakes of Medical Importance: Asia-Pacific Region.
↑ Fry, B. G. (2005). From genome to "venome". Genome Research.
↑ Murphy, J. C., & Henderson, R. W. (1997). Tales of Giant Snakes. Krieger Publishing Company.
↑ Campbell, J. A., & Lamar, W. W. (2004). The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere.
↑ Gumprecht, A., et al. (2004). Asian Pitvipers. GeitjeBooks.
↑ Shine, R. (1991). Australian Snakes: A Natural History.
↑ IUCN Red List. (2025). Global Snake Assessment.

[1] Campbell, J. A., & Lamar, W. W. (2004). The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates.

[2] McDiarmid, R. W., et al. (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference.

[3] Kamus Basa Sunda R.A. Danadibrata. (2006). Kiblat Buku Utama.

[4] Mallow, D., et al. (2003). True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers.

[5] Gopalakrishnakone, P. (1994). Snakes of Medical Importance: Asia-Pacific Region.

[6] Fry, B. G. (2005). From genome to "venome". Genome Research.

[7] Murphy, J. C., & Henderson, R. W. (1997). Tales of Giant Snakes. Krieger Publishing Company.

[8] Campbell, J. A., & Lamar, W. W. (2004). The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere.

[9] Gumprecht, A., et al. (2004). Asian Pitvipers. GeitjeBooks.

[10] Shine, R. (1991). Australian Snakes: A Natural History.

[11] IUCN Red List. (2025). Global Snake Assessment.

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