Élmu bahan

Élmu bahan ngawengku bagian-bagian ti kimia, fisika, géologi, ogé biologi nu patali jeung sipat-sipat fisik, kimiawi, atawa biologis rupa-rupa bahan/matéri. Élmu ieu biasana dianggap salaku élmu terapan, sabab sipat-sipat nu diulik biasana dipatalikeun jeung tujuan industrial.

Materials science encompasses all four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals (1) and metallurgy, ceramics(2), semiconductors and other electronic materials, polymers(3), composites (4), and biomaterials which may consist of the materials classes 1-4. Metallurgy and ceramics have long and separate histories as engineering disciplines, but because the science that underlies these disciplines applies to all classes of materials, materials science is recognized as a distinct discipline.

Élmu bahan aya patalina jeung rékayasa bahan, nu cenderung museur kana téhnik ngolah (casting, rolling, welding, ion implantation, crystal growth, thin-film deposition, sintering, glassblowing, jsb.), téhnik analitis (mikroskop éléktron, difraksi sinar-X, kalorimétri, nuclear microscopy (HEFIB) jsb.), rancang bahan, sarta untung/rugina dina produksi industrial.

Sub-widang élmu bahan

• Nanotéhnologi --- ngulik jeung nyipta bahan hasil rékayasa molekular (nanomaterial) nu strukturna dina ukuran nanométer.
• Kristalografi --- ngulik fisika kristal, kaasup
  • defects in crystals, such as grain boundaries and dislocations, and their effects on physical properties;
  • téhnik difraksi, pikeun idéntifikasi fase.
• Métalurgi --- ngulik logam
• Keramik
• Biomaterial
• Kimia bahan padet --- ngulik kimia nu lumangsung dina bahan padet
• Fisika bahan padet --- biasana dianggap ulikan pangaruh kuantum na bahan padet, kayaning semikonduksi atawa superkonduksi.
• Continuum mechanics --- the study of solids and fluids, assuming that they are continuous materials (rather than made of atoms).

Note that some practitioners often consider rheology a sub-field of materials science, because it can cover any material that flows. However, a typical rheology paper covers non-Newtonian fluid dynamics, so we place it as a sub-field of Continuum mechanics. See also granular material.

Jejer nu patali dina fisika

• Térmodinamik, pikeun stabilitas, transformasi, jeung diagram fase.
• Kinetik, dilarapkeun kana laju transformasi jeung difusi.

Tempo ogé

• Timeline of materials technology
• Bio-based materials
• Kristal cair