Kareseban: Béda antarrépisi

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Sebaris

Révisi nurutkeun 26 Maret 2006 12.09

Kareseban mangrupakeun kaayaan fisiologis normal awéwé ^[1] dina siklus kareseban nu lumangsung sababaraha poé (ilaharna mah 3-5 poé) nu patali jeung kasuburan/fértilitas réproduktifna, ditandaan ku kaluarna getih (eumenorrhea, 10-18 ml, rata-rata 35 ml[2]); para wanoja sabagian bisa ngawaskeun kaluarna jaringan éndométrium pacampur getih nu kaluar nalika kareseban. Getih nu kaluar ieu teu ngagumpal kusabab éndométrium ngaluarkeun énzim nu disebut plasmin.

Kusabab kaleungitan getih nalika kareseban, wanoja butuh asupan zat beusi dina katuanganana leuwih loba batan lalaki sangkan teu ngalaman defisiénsi beusi. Nalika kareseban, aya ogé nu sok ngalaman keram (katelah dysmenorrhea).

Artikel ieu museur kana siklus kareseban nu lumangsung di manusa.

Sari

Nu bener-bener ngalaman siklus kareseban mah ukur manusa jeung kera gedé, mamalia plaséntal lianna mah lolobana ukur ngalaman éstrus. Siklus kareseban diatur ku sistim hormon réproduksi nu diperlukeun pikeun baranahan, sacara umum lumangsung bulanan ti saprak pubertas nepi ka ménopause.

Dina awal siklus kareseban, wanoja nu geus sawawa sacara séksual ngaleupaskeun hiji ovum (atawa, kadang-kadang, dua, nu bisa ngahasilkeun kembar dizigotik atawa non-idéntik) nalika ovulasi. Sanggeus ovulasi, lapisan éndométrium rahim robah pikeun nyiapkeun kamungkinan implantasi ovum nu geus dibuahan pikeun ngamimitian kakandungan. Mun teu aya fértilisasi sarta teu reuneuh, rahim ngaleupaskeun lapisan éndométrium pikeun nyiapkeun siklus salajengna. Prosés ngaleupaskeun lapisan éndométrium ieu nu disebut kareseban, kaluarna éndométrium jeung getih ngaliwatan heunceut. Najan sacara umum dianggap getih, kandunganana mah béda ti getih véna.

Kareseban mangrupakeun tanda yén hiji wanoja teu kakandungan (najan kitu, kadang aya ogé nu ngalamana kaluarna saeutik getih nalika awal kakandungan), ku kituna, telat kareseban dina masa subur mangrupakeun totondén awal kakandungan. Rata-rata wanoja mimiti ngalaman kareseban dina umur 12 taun, antara 8 jeung 16 taun^[3]. Siklus kareseban ieu lumangsung nepi ka mangsa ménopause, kira nalika nincak umur 45-55. Simpangan tina pola ieu perlu dipariksakeun ka dokter; misalna amenorrhea, tayana kareseban dina mangsa nu leuwih lila, tapi teu kakadungan. Gangguan sarupa kieu kadang kaalaman ku wanoja nu kandungan lemak awakna leutik, samodél atlit.

Siklus kareseban normal

Siklus kareseban téh rupa-rupa panjang waktuna, ogé dina unggal sato. Wanoja mah rata-rata siklus karesebanana salila 28 poé, nu kabagi kana opat fase: kareseban, fase folikulér, ovulasi, jeung fase lutéal.

Fase folikulér

Ovulasi

Fase lutéal

Abnormalitas siklus

Artikel utama: Kalainan kareseban.

Rujukan

Menstrual cycle, Wikipédia édisi basa Inggris (26 Maret 2006)
K. Stern and M. K. McClintock: "Regulation of ovulation by human pheromones." Nature, 392 (1998), pages 177 – 179.
Gangestad et al.: "Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle." Psychological Science, March 2004, vol. 15, no. 3, pages 203 - 207
Maguire, J.L. . . . and I. Mody. (2005). "Ovarian cycle-linked changes in GABA_A receptors mediating tonic inhibition alter seizure susceptibility and anxiety". Nature Neuroscience 8 (June): 797-804.

Catetan

^ "At what age does a girl get her first period?," from Menstruation and the Menstrual Cycle, National Women's Health Information Center (accessed June 11, 2005).
^ Ibid., "What is a typical menstrual period like?" (accessed June 11, 2005).
^ "Lower olfactory threshold during the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle" by E. Navarrete-Palacios, R. Hudson, G. Reyes-Guerrero and R. Guevara-Guzman in Biol Psychol. (2003) volume 63 page 269-279 PMID 12853171
^ M. Ball, "A prospective field trial of the Ovulation Method", European Journal of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Reproductive Biology, 6/2, 63-6, 1976. (Summarized at Trials of the Billings Ovulation Method accessed November 3, 2005)
^ "Medical Microbiology" 4th ed. Online textbook Samule Baron, editor. (1996) Published by University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston (TX)

Tumbu kaluar

Museum of Menstruation and Women's Health
Leslie Botha-Williams, Women's Health Educator: A Woman's Guide to Understanding Her Hormone Cycle, http://www.holyhormones.com
An Islamic answer for the ruling of women menstruating
Menstrual Suppression With Birth Control Pills
On The Rag: Everything you need to know about your fertility cycles and menstruation...period - Article on the menstrual cycle by notable sex activist and educator Heather Corinna
Menstral - menstrual calendar for your mobile phone

Produk higienis

Love Your Blood: An info-zine on menstrual products and their alternatives
The rags: paraphernalia of menstruation
Eight Myths About Washable Menstrual Pads Dispelled
Tampaction and The Bloodsisters Project- Menstrual activism against chlorine bleaching, excessive packaging, and negative attitudes toward menstruation in the West

Artikel ieu mangrupa taratas, perlu disampurnakeun. Upami sadérék uninga langkung paos perkawis ieu, dihaturan kanggo ngalengkepan.

[1]

[3]

@@ Baris ka-10: / Baris ka-10: @@
 Dina awal siklus kareseban, wanoja nu geus sawawa sacara séksual ngaleupaskeun hiji [[ovum]] (atawa, kadang-kadang, dua, nu bisa ngahasilkeun [[kembar]] [[zigot|dizigotik]] atawa non-idéntik) nalika [[ovulasi]]. Sanggeus ovulasi, lapisan éndométrium [[rahim]] robah pikeun nyiapkeun kamungkinan [[implantasi]] ovum nu geus dibuahan pikeun ngamimitian [[reuneuh|kakandungan]]. Mun teu aya fértilisasi sarta teu reuneuh, rahim ngaleupaskeun lapisan éndométrium pikeun nyiapkeun siklus salajengna. Prosés ngaleupaskeun lapisan éndométrium ieu nu disebut '''kareseban''', kaluarna éndométrium jeung [[getih]] ngaliwatan [[heunceut]]. Najan sacara umum dianggap getih, kandunganana mah béda ti [[getih véna]].
-<!--
-Common usage refers to menstruation and menses as a '''period'''. This bleeding serves as a sign that a woman has not become [[pregnancy|pregnant]]. (However, this cannot be taken as certainty, as sometimes there is some bleeding in early pregnancy.)  During the reproductive years, failure to menstruate may provide the first indication to a [[woman]] that she may have become pregnant. A woman might say that her "period is late"  when an expected menstruation has not started and she might have become pregnant.
+Kareseban mangrupakeun tanda yén hiji wanoja teu kakandungan (najan kitu, kadang aya ogé nu ngalamana kaluarna saeutik getih nalika awal kakandungan), ku kituna, telat kareseban dina masa subur mangrupakeun totondén awal kakandungan. Rata-rata wanoja mimiti ngalaman kareseban dina umur 12 taun, antara 8 jeung 16 taun{{ref|age}}. Siklus kareseban ieu lumangsung nepi ka mangsa [[ménopause]], kira nalika nincak umur 45-55. Simpangan tina pola ieu perlu dipariksakeun ka dokter; misalna ''[[amenorrhea]]'', tayana kareseban dina mangsa nu leuwih lila, tapi teu kakadungan. Gangguan sarupa kieu kadang kaalaman ku wanoja nu kandungan lemak awakna leutik, samodél atlit.
-Menstruation forms a normal part of a natural cyclic process occurring in healthy women between [[puberty]] and the end of the reproductive years. The onset of menstruation, known as ''[[menarche]]'', occurs at an average age of 12, but can occur any time between the ages of 8 and 16.{{ref|age}} However, the condition [[precocious puberty]] has caused menstruation to occur in girls as young as 8 months old. The last period, [[menopause]], usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55. Deviations from this pattern deserve medical attention. [[Amenorrhea]] refers to a prolonged absence of menses during the reproductive years of a woman for reasons other than pregnancy.  For example, women with very low [[body fat]], such as [[athlete]]s, may cease to menstruate.  The presence of menstruation does not prove that ovulation took place; women who do not ovulate may have menstrual cycles. Those [[anovulatory cycle]]s tend to take place less regularly and show greater variation in cycle length.  In addition, the absence of menstruation also does not prove that ovulation did not take place, because hormone disruptions in
-non-pregnant women can suppress bleeding on occasion.-->
 == Siklus kareseban normal ==