Pakistan: Béda antarrépisi

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[[gu:પાકિસ્તાન]]
[[gu:પાકિસ્તાન]]
[[gv:Yn Phakistaan]]
[[gv:Yn Phakistaan]]
[[hak:Pâ-kî-sṳ̂-thán]]
[[he:פקיסטן]]
[[he:פקיסטן]]
[[hi:पाकिस्तान]]
[[hi:पाकिस्तान]]

Révisi nurutkeun 7 Juni 2008 23.34

اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان
Islāmī Jumhūrīyah-e-Pākistān
Républik Islam Pakistan
Bandéra Pakistan Lambang Nagara Pakistan
Bandéra Lambang Nagara
Motto: Ittehad, Tanzim, Yaqeen-e-Muhkam  (Urdu)
"Kesatuan, Disiplin jeung Kayakinan"
Lagu: "Qaumi Tarana"

Lokasi Pakistan
Lokasi Pakistan


Ibukota Islamabad
1) 33°40′N 73°10′E
Kota panggedéna Karachi
Basa resmi Urdu, Inggris
Pamaréntahan Républik Sémi présidénsial
 - Présidén Pervez Musharraf
 - Perdana Mentri Shaukat Aziz
Ngadeg  
 - Merdika ti United Kingdom 
 - Didéklarasikeun 14 Agustus 1947 
 - Républik Islam 23 Maret 1956 
Wewengkon  
 - Total 803,9401 km² (ka-36)
  310,4031 sq mi 
 - Cai (%) 3.1
Populasi  
 - Perkiraan taun 2007 156,770,000[1] (ka-6)
 - Kapadetan 206/km² (ka-53)
534/sq mi 
GDP (PPP) 2007 (éstimasi)
 - Total $475.6 miliar (ka-25)
 - Perkapita $3,004.5 (ka-128)
HDI (2006) 0.539 (ka-134) – sedeng
Mata uang Rupee (Rs.) (PKR)
Wewengkon wanci PST (UTC+5)
 - Summer (DST) teu ditalungtik (UTC+6)
Internét TLD .pk
Kode telepon +92

Pakistan, ngaran resmina Républik Islam Pakistan (Basa Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), nyaeta nagara républik di Asia Kidul, nu mangrupakeun tempat papanggihna wewengkon Asia Kidul jeung Asia Tengah sarta Wétan Tengah.[2][3] Nagara ieu mibanda 1,046 kilometer gari basisir sapanjang Sagara Arabia di beh kidul, diwawatesan ku Afganistan jeung Iran di beh kulon, India di beh wetan sarta Tiongkok jauh di beh wetan kalereunnaana.[4]

Pakistan mangrupakeun nagara pangpadetna kagenep di dunya sarta mangrupakeun nagara mayoritas Islam nu kadua pangpadetna. Wewengkonna mangrupakeun bagena tina India Britania samemeh dibagi-bagi sarta mibanda sajarah pakampungan jeung peradaban nu panjang salila Peradaban Léngkob Indus. Kalolobaan tina wewengkon nu aya kiwari beunang ku Pérsia jeung Yunani dina Milénium ka-1 SM sarta diatur ku maranehannana salila sawatara abad. Keur sesa sajarahna, wewengkon ieu mangrupakeun bagean tina karajaan India nu lega atawa di sahadapeun pupuhu lokal atawa regional. Nu datang jeung ngawasana satuluyna aya urang Arab, Afganistan, Turki, Baloch jeung Mongol. Wewengkon ieu asup kana India Britania dina abad ka-19. Tii saprak merdika, nagara ieu geus ngalaman dua periode tumuwuhna militer jeung ekonomi nu penting, sarta periode nu henteu stabil, ku ayana kaluarna Pakistan Wétan (kiwari Bangladésh).

Tempo oge

Wétan Tengah nu Agung

Rujukan

  1. ↑ Perkiraan Survey Ekonomi Pakistan 2006-2007, ku Kamentrian Keuangan
  2. ↑ [Encarta Encyclopedia - Pakistan
  3. ↑ Middle East Institute: Pakistan]
  4. ↑ The Kashmir region is claimed by India and Pakistan. Both countries and China separately administer parts of the region with the Indian and Pakistani held areas defined by the Line of Control. The Pakistani-Chinese border is not recognized by India.

Rujukan tambahan

  • Cohen, Stephen P. The Idea of Pakistan. The Brookings Institution. November 2004. ISBN 0-8157-1502-1.
  • Banuazizi, Ali and Weiner, Myron. The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan. Syracuse University Press. August 1988. ISBN 0-8156-2448-4.
  • Halliday, Fred. State and Ideology in the Middle East and Pakistan. Monthly Review Pr. Feb 1998. ISBN 0-85345-734-4.
  • Hammond Incorporated. Hammond Greater Middle East Region: Including Afghanistan, Pakistan, Libya, and Turkey. American Map Corporation. August 2002. ISBN 0-8437-1827-7.
  • Hilton, Isabel. "Letter from Pakistan: The Pashtun Code". The New Yorker. December 03, 2001. [1]
  • Insight Guides, Halliday, Tony and Ikram, Tahir. Insight Guide Pakistan. Apa Productions. January 1998. ISBN 0-88729-736-6.
  • Malik, Hafeez. Pakistan: Founders' Aspirations and Today's Realities. Oxford University Press, USA. May 2001. ISBN 0-19-579333-1.
  • Malik, Iftikhar H. "Religious Minorities in Pakistan". Minority Rights Group International. September 2002. ISBN 1-897693-69-9. [2]
  • Najim, Adil. "Pakistan and Democracy". The News International Pakistan. May 06, 2004. [3]
  • Rooney, John. Shadows in the dark: A history of Christianity in Pakistan up to the 10th century. Christian Study Centre. January 1984. OCLC 12177250.
  • Rahman, Tariq.1996. Language and Politics in Pakistan Karachi: Oxford University Press. Reprinted several times, latest repr. 2006.
  • Rahman, Tariq .2002. Language, Ideology and Power: Language-learning Among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India Karachi: OUP.
  • Rahman, Tariq .2004. Denizens of Alien Worlds: A Study of Education, Inequality and Polarization in Pakistan Karachi: OUP, 2006 repr.
  • Sharif, Shuja. "Musharraf's Administration And Pakistan's Economy". Contemporary Review. Mar 31, 2005. 129–134.
  • Wolpert, Stanley. Jinnah of Pakistan. Oxford University Press, USA. May 1984. ISBN 0-19-503412-0.
  • Zakaria, Rafiq. The Man Who Divided India: An Insight into Jinnah’s Leadership and its Aftermath
  • Statehood in South Asia
  • Strategic Insights, Volume III, Issue 10 (October 2004)

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