Kalénder Islam: Béda antarrépisi
m r2.7.1) (bot Ngarobih: az:Hicri təqvimi |
Robbot (obrolan | kontribusi) m r2.7.2) (bot Miceun: el:Έτος Εγίρας |
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Révisi nurutkeun 6 Méi 2012 22.26
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Kalénder Islam atawa kalénder Muslim (Basa Arab: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Basa Persia: تقویم هجري قمری taqwīm-e hejri-ye qamari katelah oge kalender Hijriah) nyaeta kalénder nu dipake keur nanggalan kajadian-kajadian di nagara-nagara nu dominan Muslim, sarta dipake ku Muslim di mana wae keur nangtukeun wanci nu mustari keur ngaria-ria poe sucina Islam. Kalender Islam mangrupakeun kalender bulan nu miboga 12 bulan lunar, dina sataunna aya 354 poe. Kusabab taun bulan ieu 11 poe leuwih pondok tibatan taun panonpoe, sanajan poe sucina Islam dirayakeun dina tanggal nu ajeg dina kalender Islam, dina kalender Gregorian mah baris geseh 11 poe miheulaan saban taunna. Taun Islam katelah oge taun Hijrah alatan taun munggarannana nyaeta taun kajadian Hijrah; Nabi Muhammad emigrasi ti Mekah ka Madinah. Ku kituna taun-taun lianna ditangtukeun make H, (Basa Inggis H jeung AH, AH mah sarua jeung Basa Laten anno Hegirae (dina taun Hijrah).[1]
Taun Islam kiwari 1428 H.
Bulan
Bulan Islam dingaranan kawas kieu:[2]
- Muharram محرّم (panjangna: Muḥarram ul Ḥaram)
- Safar صفر (panjangna: Ṣafar ul Muzaffar)
- Rabi'ul-awal atawa Mulud (Rabī' I) ربيع الأول
- Rabi'ul-ahir atawa Sawal Mulud (atawa Rabī' al Thānī, atawa Rabī' al-Akhir) (Rabī' II) ربيع الآخر أو ربيع الثاني
- Jumadil-awal (Jumādā I) جمادى الأول
- Jumadil-ahir (atawa Jumādā al-tsani) (Jumādā II) جمادى الآخر أو جمادى الثاني
- Rajab رجب (panjangna: Rajab al Murajab)
- Sa'ban atawa Rowah شعبان (panjangna: Sa'bān ul Moazam)
- Romadon atawa bulan Puasa رمضان (atawa Ramzān, panjangna: Ramaḍān ul Mubarak)
- Sawal شوّال (panjangna: Shawwal ul Mukarram)
- Dzlkaédah atawa Hapit ذو القعدة
- Dzulhijjah atawa Rayagung ذو الحجة
Tina sakabeh bulan, Romadon mangrupakeun bulan pangutamana, bulan keur puasa tina dahar, nginum, sapatemon jeung ngajaga hate tina sagala panyakit.
Tanggal penting
Tanggal penting dina taun Islam (Hijriah) nyaeta:
- 1 Muharram (Pabaru Islam)
- 10 Muharram (Poé Asyura, milangkala pupusna Imam Husén bin Ali sarta nu ngariring ka anjeunna.)
- 12 Rabiul Awal (Mulud Nabi keur Muslim Sunni)
- 17 Rabiul Awal (Mulud Nabi keur Muslim Siah)
- 13 Rajab (Babarna Imam Ali bin Abi Talib.)
- 27 Rajab (Isra jeung Miraj)
- 15 Saban (Shab-e-Br'aat, Babarna Imam Mahdi, ratu adil nu dijangjikeun dina Islam.)
- 1 Ramadan (poe munggaran puasa)
- 21 Ramadan (tanggal pupusna Imam Ali bin Abi Talib. Anjeuna alo sareng mantuna Nabi Muhammad sareng ramana Imam Husén bin Ali)
- 27 Ramadan (Nuzulul Qur'an) (17 Ramadan di Indonesia, Malaysia)
- Minggu katilu terahir Ramadan nu aya Laélatul Qadar
- 1 Sawal ('Idul Fitri)
- 8-10 Dzulhijjah (Haji ka Mekah)
- 10 Dzulhijjah ('Idul Adha).
Hubungan kiwari
Keur ngarobah sacara kasar, kalikeun taun Islam jeung 0.97, terus tambah 622 keur meunangkeun taun Gregorian. Taun Islam bakal sarua jeung taun Gregorian dina taun 20874. Taun kalender Islam 1429 bakal kajadian sakabehna aya dina taun kalender Gregorian 2008. Taun kawas kieu bakal lumangsung sakali unggal 33 atawa 34 taun Islam (32 atawa 33 taun Gregorian). Di handap daptarna:
| Taun Islam dina taun Gregorian | ||
| Islam | Gregorian | Bedana |
| 1228 | 1813 | 585 |
| 1261 | 1845 | 584 |
| 1295 | 1878 | 583 |
| 1329 | 1911 | 582 |
| 1362 | 1943 | 581 |
| 1396 | 1976 | 580 |
| 1429 | 2008 | 579 |
| 1463 | 2041 | 578 |
| 1496 | 2073 | 577 |
| 1530 | 2106 | 576 |
| 1564 | 2139 | 575 |
Tempo oge
Rujukan
- ↑ Watt, W. Montgomery "Hidjra". Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Ed. P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Academic Publishers. ISSN 1573-3912.
- ↑ B. van Dalen; R.S. Humphreys; A.K.S Lambton, et al. "Tarikh". Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Ed. P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Academic Publishers. ISSN 1573-3912.
Tumbu luar
- The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia
- Mahdavia Calendar for North America
- Correspondence between Hebrew and Islamic calendars, months and holidays (pdf)
- Khalid Chraibi : 1st muharram : Lunar or islamic calendar ?
- Remotely hosted Gregorian-Hijri calendar
- Islamic Months - Significance and Blessed Months
- Predicting the First Visibility of the Lunar Crescent