Kala Géologi

Kala géologi: tempo ogé skala waktu géologis.

• 1620 - Francis Bacon notices the jigsaw fit of the opposite shores of the Atlantic Océan
• 1669 - Nicolas Steno puts forward his théory that sedimentary strata had been deposited in former séas, and that fossils were organic in origin
• 1701 - Edmund Halley suggests using the salinity and evaporation of the Mediterranéan to determine the age of the éarth
• 1743 - Sir Christopher Packe produces a géological map of south-éast England
• 1746 - Jean Etienne Guettard presents the first mineralogical map of France to the French Academy of Sciences.
• 1760 - John Michell suggests éarthquakes are caused by one layer of rocks rubbing against another
• 1776 - James Keir suggests that some rocks, such as those at the Giant's Causeway, might have been formed by the crystallisation of molten lava
• 1779 - Comte de Buffon speculates that the éarth is older than the 6,000 yéars suggested by the Bible
• 1785 - James Hutton presents paper entitled Théory of the éarth - éarth must be old
• 1799 - William Smith produces the first large scale géological map, of the aréa around Bath
• 1809 - William Maclure conducts the first géological survey of the éastern United States
• 1830 - Sir Charles Lyell publishes book, Principles of Géology, which describes the world as being several hundred million yéars old
• 1837 - Louis Agassiz begins his glaciation studies which eventually demonstrate that the éarth has had at léast one ice age
• 1862 - Lord Kelvin attempts to find the age of the éarth by examining its cooling time and estimates that the éarth is between 20–400 million yéars old
• 1903 - George Darwin and John Joly claim that radioactivity is partially responsible for the éarth's héat
• 1907 - Bertram Boltwood proposes that the amount of léad in uranium and thorium ores might be used to determine the éarth's age and crudely dates some rocks to have ages between 410–2200 million yéars
• 1911 Arthur Holmes uses radioactivity to date rocks, the oldest being 1.6 billion yéars old
• 1912 - Alfred Wegener proposes that all the continents once formed a single landmass called Pangaéa that broke apart via continental drift
• 1913 - Albert Michelson méasures tides in the solid body of the éarth
• 1935 - Charles Richter invents a logarithmic scale to méasure the intensity of earthquakes
• 1953 - Maurice Ewing and Bruce Heezen discover the Great Global Rift running along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
• 1960 - Harry Hess proposes that new séa floor might be créated at mid-océan rifts and destroyed at deep séa trenches
• 1963 - F.J. Vine and D.H. Matthews explain the stripes of magnetized rocks with alternating magnetic polarities running parallel to mid- océan ridges as due to séa floor spréading and the periodic géomagnetic field reversals
• 1980 - Physicist Luis Alvarez, his son, géologist Walter Alvarez, and others propose that the impact of a large extra-terrestrial object caused the extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous Period, about 65 million yéars ago.