Lompat ke isi

Viperidae

Nambah tutumbu
Ti Wikipédia Sunda, énsiklopédi bébas
Viperidae
Salah sahiji jinis oray tina kulawarga Viperidae.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Karajaan:
Animalia
Filum:
Chordata
Kelas:
Reptilia
Ordo:
Squamata
Subordo:
Serpentes
Infraordo:
Alethinophidia
Kulawarga:
Viperidae

Oppel, 1811

Viperidae nyaéta hiji kulawarga oray peurahan anu sumebar di ampir sakuliah dunya, iwal ti di Antartika, Australia, sarta sababaraha pulo jauh.[1] Oray dina kulawarga ieu kawéntar ku taring peurahna anu panjang sarta bisa tilep ka tukang nalika sungutna balem.[2]

Vérnakular

[édit | édit sumber]

Dina basa anu béda, kulawarga ieu miboga sababaraha nami:

  • Dina basa Sunda, anggotana sering disebut ku nami spésifikna saperti Oray taneuh atanapi Oray héjo (nanging bénten sareng sanca bulan).[3]
  • Dina basa Inggris, kawéntar ku nami Vipers atanapi Adders.[4]
  • Dina basa Indonésia disebut Beludak atanapi Bandotan.

Taksonomi

[édit | édit sumber]

Kulawarga Viperidae munggaran dideskripsikeun ku Nicolaus Michael Oppel dina taun 1811.[5] Taksonomi kulawarga ieu dibagi deui janten sababaraha sub-kulawarga utama, nyaéta Azemiopinae, Causinae, Viperinae (vipers sajati), sarta Crotalinae (oray deudeuk/pit vipers).[6]

Morfologi

[édit | édit sumber]

Viperidae miboga ciri fisik anu kontras dibandingkeun kulawarga oray sanésna:

  • Huntu Peurah: Miboga sapasang sihung panjang anu miboga saluran peurah di jerona (solenoglypha) sarta bisa ditilep.[7]
  • Awak: Umumna miboga awak anu pondok, lintuh, sarta buntut anu pondok.[8]
  • Sirah: Bentuk sirahna ilaharna semu nyegitilu sarta jelas pisan bédana jeung bagian beuheungna.[9]
  • Sénsor: Sababaraha jinis (Crotalinae) miboga liang sénsor panas (loreal pits) di antara panon sarta liang irungna pikeun ngadetéksi mangsa.[10]

Habitat

[édit | édit sumber]

Anggota Viperidae bisa kapanggih dina rupa-rupa habitat, ti mimiti gurun anu garing, leuweung hujan tropis, dugi ka daérah pagunungan anu luhur.[11] Kalolobaanana hirup di luhur taneuh (terestrial), nanging aya ogé anu hirup dina tangkal (arboreal) saperti oray héjo.[12]

Konservasi

[édit | édit sumber]

Sababaraha spésiés Viperidae asup kana daptar sato anu kaancam tumpur alatan habitatna ruksak sarta sering dipaéhan ku manusa kusabab dianggap bahaya.[13] Perlindungan hukum diatur ku nagara masing-masing sarta sababaraha jinis asup kana Appendix CITES.[14]

Référénsi

[édit | édit sumber]
  1. ↑ Pyron, R. A., et al. (2013). A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13(1), 93.
  2. ↑ Jackson, K. (2003). The evolution of venom-delivery systems in snakes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 137(3), 337-354.
  3. ↑ Kamus Basa Sunda R.A. Danadibrata. (2006). Kiblat Buku Utama.
  4. ↑ Mallow, D., Ludwig, D., & Nilson, G. (2003). True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company.
  5. ↑ Oppel, N. M. (1811). Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien, als Nachtrag vorgetragen.
  6. ↑ McDiarmid, R. W., Campbell, J. A., & Touré, T. (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference.
  7. ↑ Fry, B. G. (2005). From genome to "venome": Molecular origin and evolution of the snake venom proteome. Genome Research.
  8. ↑ Murphy, J. C., & Henderson, R. W. (1997). Tales of Giant Snakes. Krieger Publishing Company.
  9. ↑ Gopalakrishnakone, P. (1994). Snakes of Medical Importance: Asia-Pacific Region.
  10. ↑ Campbell, J. A., & Lamar, W. W. (2004). The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere.
  11. ↑ Barker, D. G., & Barker, T. M. (1994). Pythons of the World. Advanced Vivarium Systems.
  12. ↑ Shine, R. (1991). Australian Snakes: A Natural History.
  13. ↑ IUCN Red List. (2025). Global Snake Assessment.
  14. ↑ Stuart, B., et al. (2012). Viperidae conservation status report.
Dicomot ti "https://su.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viperidae&oldid=708016"