Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Landak

{{Taxobox_begin | color = pink | ngaran = Landak}}
{{Taxobox_image | image = [[Image:Igel01.jpg|European hedgehog|240px]] | caption = [[Landak Éropah]]}}
{{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
{{Taxobox_regnum_entry | taxon = [[Sato|Animalia]]}}
{{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordata]]}}
{{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammalia]]}}
{{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Inséktivora]]}}
{{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Erinaceidae]]}}
{{Taxobox_subfamilia_entry | taxon = '''''Erinaceinae'''''}}
{{Taxobox_end_placement}}
{{Taxobox_section_subdivision | color = pink | plural_taxon = Genera}}
''[[Atelerix]]''<br>
''[[Erinaceus]]''<br>
''[[Hemiechinus]]''<br>
''[[Mesechinus]]''
{{Taxobox end}}
'''Landak''' téh hartina [[mamalia]] cucukan leutik anggota [[subfamili]] '''''Erinaceinae''''' jeung [[Ordo (Biologi)|ordo]] ''[[Inséktivora]]''. Aya 15 [[spésiés]] landak nu kabagi ka opat [[genus|genera]], sumebar di [[Éropah]], [[Asia]], [[Afrika]], jeung [[Selandia Baru]]. Di [[Amérika]] jeung [[Australia]] mah aslina euweuh landak.<ref name=”Rig”>{{Cite book | title = A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of Java| last = Jonathan| first =Rigg | publisher =Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen | location =Universitas Harvard | year =1862 }}</ref>


==Dedegan==
Landak gampang pisan dibédakeun ti sato séjén ku ayana cucuk, nu sabenerna mah bulu ronggaan nu diheurasan ku [[keratin]]. Cucukna euweuh racunan sarta teu gampang dicabut modél ''[[porcupine]]''. Aya éta gé ganti cucuk, nyaéta nalika cucuk "anak" diganti ku cucuk "sawawa" dina umur sataunan. Ogé nalika setrés atawa gering, cucuk landak téh sok murudul.

Landak paling deukeut ka ''[[gymnure]]'' jeung [[inséktivora]] lianna, kaasup [[cucurut]], [[beurit mondok]], jeung ''[[solénodon]].

==Paripolah==
Paripolah landak pikeun ngajaga diri ti pamangsa nyaéta ku ngaréngkol sahingga sakabéh awak katutup ku cucukna. Tapi, matih henteuna mah gumantung ka jumlah cucukna. Landak padang pasir, pikeun conto, awakna hampang sarta leuwih ngaheulakeun kabur atawa miheulaan nyerang pamangsana. Ngaréngkol jadi "bal cucuk" mah jadi jurus pamungkas. Pamangsa landak gé rupa-rupa, gumantung wewengkonna: landak leuweung pamangsa utamana bangsa [[manuk]] ([[bueuk]]) jeung [[ganggarangan]], spésiés nu leuwih leutik kawas [[Landak Panjangceuli]] dimangsa ku [[careuh]], [[srigala]], jeung [[cerpelai]].

Sakabéh landak sacara umum mah kasebut nokturnal, najan aya sababaraha spésiés nu bisa kaluar pabeubeurang. Landak saré ampir sapanjang poé di handapeun rungkun, jukut, kolong batu, atawa na liang dina taneuh.<!-- Again, different species can have slightly different habits, but in general hedgehogs dig out dens for shelter. All wild hedgehogs can hibernate, although not all do; hibernation depends on temperature, abundance of food and species. Hedgehogs are fairly vocal, and communicate not only in a series of grunts and snuffles, but sometimes in loud squeals (depending on species).

Hedgehogs occasionally perform a ritual called 'anointing'. When the animal comes across a new scent, it will lick and bite the source and then form a scented froth in its mouth and paste it on its spines with its tongue. This [[camouflage]]s the hedgehog with the new scent of the area and provides a possible poison or source of infection to any predator that gets poked by their spines.
-->
==Kadaharan==
Najan kaasup kana kulawarga inséktivora, landak mah méh baé omnivora. Kadaharanana nyaéta [[serangga]], [[kéong]], [[bangkong]] jeung [[bancét]], [[oray]], [[endog (biologi)|endog manuk]], [[bangké]], [[suung]], [[akar]] [[jukut]], [[bérri]], [[mélon]], jeung [[samangka]].<!-- In fact, berries constitute a major part of an [[Afghan Hedgehog]]'s diet in early spring after hibernation. The hedgehog is occasionally spotted after a rainstorm foraging for [[earthworm]]s. Although [[Erinaceus|forest hedgehogs]], most well-known to Europeans, are indeed mainly insectivores, this is not necessarily true for other species.

In areas that have hedgehogs in the wild, they are often welcome as a natural form of garden [[pest control]]. Many people leave food out to attract hedgehogs. However, hedgehogs are [[lactose intolerance|lactose-intolerant]] but will eagerly consume [[cheese]], [[milk]], and [[dairy product]]s, causing illness. [[Dog food|Dog]] and [[cat food]] are better than dairy, but both are often too high in fat and too low in protein. It is best to leave out only a small treat, leaving them plenty of appetite for the pests in your garden.
-->
==Baranahan==
Gumantung spésiésna, mangsa keureuneuh landak téh 40-58 poé, rata-rata ngaborojolkeun 3-4 anak (spésiés badag) atawa 5-6 (nu leutik). Spésiés landak badag di alam hirupna 4-7 taun (cenah mah kungsi kacatet aya nu nepi ka 16 taun), sedengkeun nu leutik ukur 2-4 taun (4-7 mun na kandang).

==Landak kukut==
Spésiés landak nu pang ilaharna dikukut nyaéta [[hibrid]] landak bodasbeuteung atawa landak kukuopat (''Atelerix albiventris'') jeung [[landak Aljazair]] (''A. algirus''). Ukuranana leuwih leutik batan landak Éropah, sahingga kadang sok disebut landak katé Aprika. Spésiés séjénna nu sok dijadikeun ingon-ingon nyaéta landak panjangceuli Mesir (''Hemiechinus auritus auritus'') jeung landak panjangceuli India (''H. collaris''). Tilu spésiés ieu leuwih cocog di hawa haneut (luhureun 72&nbsp;°F/22&nbsp;°C) sarta teu ngalaman [[hibernasi]].

==Kontrol hama==
[[Image:Igel.JPG|thumb|right|Landak téh inséktivora, tukang ngahakanan serangga.]]
Landak mangrupa salah sahiji bentuk [[kontrol hama]], sapeutingna bisa ngahakan nepi ka 200 [[gram]] serangga. Ku kituna, di [[Inggris]] mah geus ilahar pager-pager buruan téh dibolongan saukuran landak, sahingga landak bisa asup sarta ngahakanan hama serangga.

Masalahna, serangga kiwari mah loba nu geus ngaakumulasi [[inséktisida]] jero awakna. Najan landak mah kawilang weduk tina rupa-rupa racun, pestisida nu kakandung dina awak serangga mah bisa parna balukarna, nepi ka paéhna

Di wewengkon nu ngadatangkeun sarta miara landak, kayaning di [[Selandia Anyar]] jeung kapuloan [[Skotlandia]], landak téh kalah jadi hama. Di Selandia Anyar, landak téh ngancam populasi spésiés pituin, kayaning serangga, [[kéong]], sarta manuk nu nyayang na taneuh.

==Genera jeung spésiés==
[[Image:Erinaceus-europaeus_2.jpg|240px|thumb|right|[[Landak Éropah Kulon]]]]
Subfamili '''Erinaceinae''' ('''Landak''')
*Genus ''[[Atelerix]]'' (Landak Afrika)
**[[Landak Opatramo]] (''Atelerix albiventris'')
**[[Landak Afrika Kalér]] (''Atelerix algirus'')
**[[Landak Afrika Kidul]] (''Atelerix frontalis'')
**[[Landak Somali]] (''Atelerix sclateri'')
*Genus ''[[Erinaceus]]'' (Landak Leuweung)
**[[Landak Amur]] (''Erinaceus amurensis'')
***[[Landak Koréa]] (''Erinaceus amurensis dealbatus'')
**[[Landak Éropah Wétan]] (''Erinaceus concolor'')
**[[Landak Éropah Kulon]] (''Erinaceus europaeus'')
*Genus ''[[Hemiechinus]]'' (Landak Stépa, Landak Padang Pasir)
**[[Landak Padang Pasir]] (''Hemiechinus aethiopicus'')
**[[Landak Panjangceuli]] (''Hemiechinus auritus'')
***[[Landak Afgan]] (''Hemiechinus auritus megalotis'')
**[[Landak Panjangceuli India]] (''Hemiechinus collaris'')
**[[Landak Brandt]] (''Hemiechinus hypomelas'')
**[[Landak India]] (''Hemiechinus micropus'')
**[[Landak beuteung botak]] (''Hemiechinus nudiventris'')
*Genus ''[[Mesechinus]]'' (Landak Stépa)
**[[Landak Daurian]] (''Mesechinus dauuricus'')
**[[Landak Hugh]] (''Mesechinus hughi'')

==Sumber rujukan==
* ''[[:en:Hedgehog|Hedgehog]]'', Wikipédia édisi basa Inggris per 26 Januari 2006.

==Tumbu kaluar==
{{Commons|Hedgehog}}
*[http://dmoz.org/Recreation/Pets/Exotic/Hedgehogs/ Landak DMOZ (Ingon-ingon)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209222114/http://dmoz.org/Recreation/Pets/Exotic/Hedgehogs/ |date=2006-12-09 }}
*[http://dmoz.org/Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Insectivora/Hedgehogs/ Landak DMOZ (Spésiés)]
*[http://www.suomensiiliyhdistys.fi/ Asosiasi Landak Finlandia]
*[http://www.hedgehogcentral.com/ Séntra Landak]
*[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/Erinaceinae.html Rujukan ngeunaan landak ti Musium Zoologi Universitas Michigan]
*[http://www.hedgehogwelfare.org/ Hedgehog Welfare Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061213131613/http://www.hedgehogwelfare.org/ |date=2006-12-13 }}
*[http://www.hedgehogworld.com/ Dunya Landak]
*[http://www.hedgies.com/ Hedgies.com]
*[http://www.hedgehogclub.com/ Asosiasi Landak Internasional]
*[http://www.hedgehogregistry.org/ Régister Landak Internasional] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051222095633/http://www.hedgehogregistry.org/ |date=2005-12-22 }}
*[http://www.hedgehoghollow.com/faq/ NLD Landak ti USENET] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051223211146/http://www.hedgehoghollow.com/faq/ |date=2005-12-23 }}

[[Category:Erinaceidae]]
==Dicutat tina==
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