Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Uni Soviét

{{Infobox former country
|native_name = Союз Советских Социалистических Республик<br />''Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik''
|conventional_long_name = Uni Républik Sosialis Soviét<br /><small>[[ngaran resmi Uni Soviét|Ngaran séjén]]</small>
|common_name = Uni Soviét
|continent = Eurasia
|era = [[Jaman antarperang]] / [[Perang Tiis]] 
|government_type = [[Nagara sosialis]] [[kahijian pulitis|kahijian]],<br />[[Marxisme–Léninisme|Marxis–Léninis]] [[nagara hiji-patéy|hiji partéy]]
|year_start = 1922
|year_end = 1991
|date_start = 30 Désémber
|event_start = [[Traktat Panyieunan Uni Soviét|Traktat Panyieunan]]
|date_end = 26 Désémber
|event_end = [[Pameupeusan Uni Soviét|Peupeus]]
|p1 = RSFS Rusia
|flag_p1 = Flag RSFSR 1918.svg
|p2 = RSFS Transkaukasus
|flag_p2 = Flag of Transcaucasian SFSR.svg
|p3 = RSS Ukraina
|flag_p3 =Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_SSR_(1929-1937).svg
|p4 = RSS Bélarusia
|flag_p4 = Flag of the Byelorussian SSR (1919).svg
|s1 = Rusia
|flag_s1 = Flag of Russia 1991-1993.svg
|s2 = Géorgia
|flag_s2=Flag of Georgia (1990-2004).svg
|s3 = Ukraina
|flag_s3 = Flag of Ukraine.svg
|s4 = Moldova
|flag_s4 = Flag of Moldova.svg
|s5 = Bélarus
|flag_s5 =Flag_of_Belarus_(1918,_1991-1995).svg
|s6 = Arménia
|flag_s6 = Flag of Armenia.svg
|s7 = Azerbaijan
|flag_s7 = Flag of Azerbaijan.svg
|s8 = Kazakhstan
|flag_s8 = Flag of Kazakh SSR.svg
|s9 = Uzbékistan
|flag_s9 = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg
|s10 = Turkménistan
|flag_s10 = Flag of Turkmen SSR.svg
|s11 = Kirgizstan
|flag_s11 = Flag of Kyrgyz SSR.svg
|s12 = Tajikistan
|flag_s12 = Flag of Tajik SSR.svg
|s13 = Éstonia{{!}}Éstonia<sup>3</sup>
|flag_s13 = Flag of Estonia.svg
|s14 = Latvia{{!}}Latvia<sup>3</sup>
|flag_s14 = Flag of Latvia.svg
|s15 = Lituania{{!}}Lituania<sup>3</sup>
|flag_s15 = Flag of Lithuania 1989-2004.svg
|
|
|image_flag = Flag of the Soviet Union.svg
|flag = Bandéra Uni Soviét
|image_coat = State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg
|symbol = Lambang Nagara Uni Soviét
|symbol_type = Lambang Nagara
|image_map = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (orthographic projection).svg
|image_map_size = 220px
|image_map_caption = Uni Soviét sanggeus [[Perang Dunya II]]
|capital = [[Moskow]]
|latd=55|latm=45|latNS=N|longd=37|longm=37|longEW=E
|largest_city =[[Moskow]]
|national_motto = Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!<br />([[Romanisasi Basa Rusia|Alih aksara]]: ''Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!'')<br />[[Basa Inggris]]: [[Pagawé sadunya, ngahiji!]]
|national_anthem = "[[The Internationale]]"<br />(1922–1944) [[Gambar:Internationale orchestral arrangement.ogg]]<br />"[[Lagu Kabangsaan Uni Soviét]]"<br />(1944–1991) [[Gambar:Ussrgymn.ogg]]
|common_languages = [[Basa Rusia]], [[Basa di Uni Soviét|raloba séjénna]]
|demonym = [[urang Soviér|Soviet]]
|currency = [[Rubél Soviét]] (руб) (SUR)
|currency_code = SUR
<!-- If there are more than 4 leaders, only give first and last&amp;nbsp;— the infobox is not intended to list everything. -->
|leader1                = [[Joseph Stalin]] <small>(kahiji)<small>
|leader2                = [[Vladimir Ivashko]] <small>(panungtungna)<small>
|year_leader1           = 1922–1952
|year_leader2           = 1991
|title_leader           = [[Sékrétaris Jéndral Partéy Komunis Uni Soviét|Sékrétaris Jéndral]]
|
|representative1        = [[Mikhail Kalinin]] <small>(kahiji)<small>
|representative2        = [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] <small>(panungtungna)<small>
|year_representative1   = 1922–1938
|year_representative2   = 1988–1991
|title_representative   = [[Pupuhu Nagara Uni Soviét|Pupuhu Nagara]]
|
|deputy1                = [[Vladimir Lenin]] <small>(kahiji)<small>
|deputy2                = [[Ivan Silayev]] <small>(panungtungna)<small>
|year_deputy1           = 1922–1924
|year_deputy2           = 1991
|title_deputy           = [[Pupuhu Pamaréntahan Uni Soviét|Pupuhu Pamaréntahan]]
|
|stat_year1 = 1991
|stat_area1 = 22402200
|stat_pop1 = 293047571
|footnotes =
<sup>1</sup>Dina 21 Désémber 1991, 11 ti urut républik-républik sosialis nyatakeun di [[Alma-Ata]] (kalawan républik ka-12&nbsp;– [[RSS Géorgia|Géorgia]]&nbsp;– hadir salaku panénjo) yén kalawan dibentukna [[Pasamakmuran Nagara-Nagara Merdika]], Uni Républik Sosialis Soviét teu aya deui.<br />
<sup>2</sup>Ditunjuk dina 19 Séptémber 1990, aya saterusna.<br />
<sup>3</sup>Pamaréntah Éstonia, Latvia, jeung Lituania nempo salaku nu ngalanjutkeun sarta teu aya hubungan jeung républik-républik Soviétna.<br />Rusia nempo RSS Éstonia, Latvia, jeung Lituania salaku républik konstituén sah ti Uni Soviét sarta salaku nu ngaheulaan nagara-nagara Baltik modérn.<br />Pamaréntah [[Amérika Sarikat]] jeung [[Kalanjutan kanagaraaan nagara-nagara Baltik#Teu aya kaputusan ahir dina non-pangakuan|sababaraha nagara lian]] teu ngakuan [[anéksasi]] Éstonia, Latvia, jeung Lituania ka Uni Soviét salaku wewengkon nu sah kaétang.
|utc_offset = +2 nepi ka +13
|cctld = [[.su]]<sup>2</sup>
|calling_code = 7
}}
{{Soviet Union sidebar}}

'''Uni Soviét''' ({{lang-rus|Советский Союз|r=Sovetsky Soyuz}}), resmina '''Uni Républik Sosialis Soviét''' ('''URSS'''; {{lang-rus|Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик|r=Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik}}; {{IPA-ru|sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲetskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪˈstʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk|IPA|Ru-CCCP.ogg}}; disingket СССР, ''SSSR''), nyaéta hiji [[nagara sosialis|Nagara Sosialis]] (dumasar [[Konstitusi Uni Soviét|konstitusina]]) nu aya di [[Eurasia]] antawis [[1922]] jeung [[1991]].

Uni Soviét nyaéta hiji [[nagara hiji-partéy]] nu dikawasaan ku [[Partéy Komunis Uni Soviét|Partéy Komunis]] ti dibentukna nepi ka 1990.<ref>Bridget O'Laughlin (1975) ''Marxist Approaches in Anthropology'' Annual Review of Anthropology Vol. 4: pp. 341–70 (October 1975) (doi:10.1146/annurev.an.04.100175.002013).<br />William Roseberry (1997) ''Marx and Anthropology'' Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 26: pp. 25–46 (October 1997) (doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.25)</ref> Sanajan URSS resmina mangrupa [[kahijian pulitis|kahijian]] 15 [[Républik ti Uni Soviét|républik subnasional Soviét]], [[Pulitik Uni Soviét|pamaréntah]] jeung [[ékonomi Uni Soviét|ékonomina]] kalobaannana dipuseurkeun.

== Géografi, iklim, jeung lingkungan ==
{{utama|Géografi Uni Soviét}}
Kalawan aréa kira-kira {{Convert|22402200|km2}}, Uni Soviét mangrupa nagara nu panglegana sadunya. Ngawengku sapergenep daratan [[Marcapada]], legana bisa dibandingkeun jeung [[Amérika Kalér]]. Bagian [[Éropa]]na miboga saparapat ti sakabéh aréana, jeung minangka puseur budaya sarta ékonomi. Bagian wétanna aya di [[Asia]], manjang ti [[Jaladri Pasifik]] di wétan nepi ka [[Apganistan]] di kidul, sarta leuwih saeutik populasina. Wewengkonna malang dina leuwih ti {{Convert|10000|km}} wétan ka kulon dina 11 [[zona wanci]], sarta ampir {{Convert|7200|km}} ti kalér ka kidul. Nagara ieu miboga 5 iklim: [[tundra]], [[taiga]], [[stépa]], sagara keusik, jeung pagunungan.

Uni Soviét miboga wates nu pangpajangna sadunya, leuwih ti {{Convert|60000|km}}, 2 per 3-na mangrupa basisir [[Jaladri Arktik]]. Di peuntas [[Selat Bering]] aya [[Amérika Sarikat]]. Uni Soviét wawatesan jeung [[Apganistan]], [[Cina]], [[Cékoslovakia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Hungaria]], [[Iran]], [[Mongolia]], [[Koréa Kalér]], [[Norwégia]], [[Polandia]], [[Romania]], jeung [[Turki]] ti 1945 nepi ka 1991.

Walungan nu pangpanjangna Uni Soviét nyaéta [[Irtysh]]. Gunung pangluhurna nyaéta Puncak Komunisme (ayeuna [[Puncak Ismail Samani]]) di [[Tajikistan]], dina {{Convert|7495|m}}. Dano nu panglegana sadunya, [[Lau Kaspia]], aya utamina dina Uni Soviét. Dano cai tawar nu panggedéna jeung pangjerona sadunya, [[Dano Baikal]], aya di Uni Soviét.

== Babagian pulitis ==
{{utama|Républik Soviét (sistim pamaréntahan)|Républik Uni Soviét}}
Konstitusionalna, Uni Soviét mangrupa kahijian ti [[Républik Sosialis Soviét]] (RSS) jeung [[Républik Sosialis Féderatif Soviét Rusia]] (RSFSR), sanajan kakawasaan dipuseurkeun pisan kana Partéy Komunis, nyieunan kahijian ieu ngan ukur ngaran.<ref name="sakwa">Sakwa, Richard. ''Soviet Politics in Perspective''. 2nd ed. London – N.Y.: Routledge, 1998.</ref> [[Tratar Panyieunan URSS]] ditandatanganan dina Désémber 1922 ku 4 républik pawangun, RSFSR, [[RSFS Transkaukasus]], [[RSS Ukraina]], jeung [[RSS Bélarusia]]. Dina 1924, nalika [[Delimitasi nasional di Uni Soviét|pawatesan nasional]] di Asia Tengah, [[RSS Uzbék]], jeung [[RSS Turkmén]] dibentuk ti bagian-bagian [[Turkestan ASSR]] sarta 2 depéndensi Soviét, [[RSS Khorezm]] jeung [[RSS Bukhara]]. Dina 1929, [[RSS Tajik]] dipisah ti RSS Uzbék. Kalawan konstitusi 1936, konstituén RSFS Transkaukasus ([[RSS Géorgia]], [[RSS Arménia|Arménia]], jeung [[RSS Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], ditingkatkeun ka républik kahijain, samentawis [[RSS Kazakh]] jeung [[RSS Kirgiz|Kirgiz]] dipisah ti RSFSR.<ref>{{cite book | last=Adams, Simon | title= Russian Republics | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=LyqIDCc-cSsC&dq | year=2005 | page=21|publisher=Black Rabbit Books| isbn=978-1583406069}}</ref> Dina Agustus 1940, Uni Soviét ngawangun [[RSS Moldavian]] ti bagian ti RSS Ukraina jeung [[Panjajahan Soviét kana Bessarabia jeung Bukovina Kalér|bagian ti Bessarabia nu dianéksasi ti Romania]]. [[RSS Karelo-Finlandia]] dipisah ti RSFSR dina Maret 1940 tapi teras dibalikkeun deui dina 1956. Antawis Juli 1956 jeung Séptémber 1991, aya 15 républik kahijian (tingali peta di handap).<ref>{{cite book | last=Feldbrugge, Ferdinand Joseph Maria | title= Russian Law: The Rnd of the Soviet system and the Role of Law | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=JWt7MN3Dch8C&dq | year=1993 | page=94 |publisher=[[Martinus Nijhoff Publishers]] | isbn=978-0792323580}}</ref>

; <center>Peta Républik Kahijian antawis 1956–1991</center>
[[Gambar:Republics of the USSR.svg|400px|center]]
{{col|2}}
# [[Gambar:Flag of Russian SFSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSFS Rusia]] [[RSFS Rusia]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of Ukrainian SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Ukraina]] [[RSS Ukraina]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of Byelorussian SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Bélarusia]] [[RSS Bélarusia]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of the Uzbek SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Uzbékistan]] [[RSS Uzbék]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of Kazakh SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Kazakhstan]] [[RSS Kazakh]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of Georgian SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Géorgia]] [[RSS Géorgia]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of Azerbaijan SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Azerbaijan]] [[RSS Azerbaijan]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of Lithuanian SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Lituania]] [[RSS Lituania]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of Moldavian SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Moldova]] [[RSS Moldova]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of Latvian SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Latvia]] [[RSS Latvia]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of Kyrgyz SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Kirgizstan]] [[RSS Kirgiz]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of Tajik SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Tajikistan]] [[RSS Tajik]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of Armenian SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Arménia]] [[RSS Arménia]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of Turkmen SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Turkménistan]] [[RSS Turkmén]]
# [[Gambar:Flag of Estonian SSR.svg|border|18px|Bandéra RSS Éstonia]] [[RSS Éstonia]]
</div>

== Tingali ogé ==
{{Portal|Uni Soviét}}
{{Portal|Komunisme}}
*[[Union Eurasia]]
* [[Kakaisaran jahat]]

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliograpi ==
* {{cite book | author = Ambler, John; Shaw, Denis J.B.; Symons, Leslie | title = Soviet and East European Transport Problems | location = | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis]] | year = 1985 | url = http://books.google.no/books?id=Rpg9AAAAIAAJ&dq | isbn = 978-0709905572 }}
* {{cite book | author = Comrie, Bernard | title = The Languages of the Soviet Union | location = | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press|Cambridge University Press (CUP) Archive]] | year = 1981 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=QTU7AAAAIAAJ&dq | isbn = 978-0709905572 | authorlink = Bernard Comrie }}
* {{cite book | author = Janz, Denis | title = World Christianity and Marxism | volume = | location = New York | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1998 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=EUVwrcnXwBsC | isbn = 978-0195119444 }}
* {{cite book | author = Lane, David Stuart | title = Soviet Society under Perestroika | location = | publisher = Routledge | year = 1992 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=rcXafOqyxgQC&dq | isbn = 978-0415076005 }}
* {{cite book | author = Rayfield, Donald | title = [[Stalin and His Hangmen|Stalin and His Hangmen: An Authoritative Portrait of a Tyrant and Those Who Served Him]] | location = | publisher = [[Viking Press]] | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-0-670-91088-0 | authorlink = Donald Rayfield }}
* {{cite book | author = Simon, Gerard | title = Church, State, and Opposition in the U.S.S.R. | volume = | location = Berkeley and Los Angeles | publisher = University of California Press | year = 1974 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=sTLc8H3b4vUC | isbn = 978-0520026128}}
* {{cite book | author = Wilson, David | title = The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union | location = | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis]] | year = 1983 | url = http://books.google.no/books?id=1qgOAAAAQAAJ&dq | isbn = 978-0709927045 }}
* {{cite book | author = [[World Bank]] and [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] | title = A Study of the Soviet economy | volume = 3 | location = | publisher = [[International Monetary Fund]] | year = 1991 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=fiDpE5M9jRAC&dq | isbn = 978-9264134689 }}
* [[Madhavan K. Palat]], Social Identities in Revolutionary Russia, ed.  (Macmillan, Palgrave, UK, and St Martin’s Press, New York, 2001)

== Tumbu kaluar ==
{{Sisterlinks|Soviet Union}}
* [http://ariwatch.com/VS/JD/ImpressionsOfSovietRussia.htm Impressions of Soviet Russia], ku [[John Dewey]].
* [http://soviethistory.com/ Documents and other forms of media from the Soviet Union: 1917–1991.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19971210215716/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/sutoc.html A Country Study: Soviet Union (Former)]
* [http://www.history.com/topics/soviet-union The Soviet Union]

{{Soviet Union topics}}
{{Republics of the Soviet Union}}
{{Autonomous Republics of the Soviet Union}}
{{Autonomous Oblasts of the Soviet Union}}
{{Socialism by state}}
{{Eastern Bloc}}
{{Russia topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uni Soviet}}
[[Kategori:Uni Soviét| ]]
[[Kategori:Sajarah Uni Soviét jeung Rusia Soviét]]
[[Kategori:Komunisme di Rusia]]
[[Kategori:Nagara komunis]]
[[Kategori:Républik Soviét awal]]
[[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1922]]
[[Kategori:Urut nagara Slav]]
[[Kategori:Nagara hiji-partéy]]
[[Kategori:Sajarah Rusia]]
[[Kategori:Urut pamaréntahan ti Perang Tiis]]
[[Kategori:Adidaya]]
[[Kategori:Urut anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]