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Dinasti Séljuk

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Kakaisaran Séljuk Raya +1092

Séljuk (ogé Turki Séljuk,[1] Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks, Seljuq; dina basa Turki Selçuklular; dina basa Pérsia: سلجوقيان Saljūqīyān); nyaéta hiji dinasti Turko-Pérsia[2][3][4][5][6] Muslim Sunni anu ngawasaan bagian Asia Tengah jeung Wétan Tengah ti abad ka-11 nepi ka abad ka-14. Dinasti ieu ngadegkeun hiji kakaisaran, Kakaisaran Séljuk Raya. Dinasti ieu pituin dina konféderasi séké-sélér Tukoman di Asia Tengah. Sanggeus datang ka Pérsia, Séljuk ngadopsi budaya Pérsia Sarta maké basa Pérsia salaku basa resmi pamaréntahan,[7] sarta katémbong salakiu sesepuh ti urang Turki Kulon – pangeusi Azerbaijan, Turki, jeung Turkménistan kiwari.

Pangawasa Séljuk

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Pangawasa Dinasti Séljuk

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Gelar Jenengan pribados Période kakawasaan
Bey
بیگ
Tughril
طغرل
1016-1063
Sultan
سلطان
Alp Arslan
الپ ارسلان
1063-1072
Sultan
سلطان
Jalāl al-Dawlah
جلال الدولہ
Malik Shah I
ملک شاہ اول
1072-1092
Sultan
سلطان
Nasir al-Duniya wa al-Din
ناصر الدنیا والدین
Mahmud bin Malik Shah
محمود بن ملک شاہ
1092-1094
Sultan
سلطان
Abul Muzaffar Rukn al-Duniya wa al-Din
أبو المظفر رکن الدنیا والدین
Barkiyaruq bin Malik Shah
برکیاروق بن ملک شاه
1094–1105
Sultan
سلطان
Muizz al-Din
معز الدین
Malik Shah II
ملک شاہ الثانی
1105
Sultan
سلطان
Ghiyath al-Duniya wa al-Din
غیاث الدنیا والدین
Muhammad Tapar
محمد تپار
1105-1118
Sultan
سلطان
Muizz al-Din
معز الدین
*Ahmad Sanjar
احمد سنجر
1118–1153
Dinasti Khwarezmiyah ngagentos dinsati Séljuk. Ti 1157, Oghuz nyandak kadali kana sabagian Khurasan, kalawan sésanaaya dina émir Seljuk.
  • Putrana Muhammad, Mahmud II neraskeun anjeunna di Pérsia kulon, tapi Ahmad Sanjar, anu keur éta minangka gubernur Khurasan, salaku sesepuh kulawargi, janten Sultan Séljuk Raya.


Sultan Séljuk Hamadan

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Dina 1194, Tugrul III ditelasan dina patempuran jeung Shah Khwarezm, anu nganéksasi Hamadan.

Pangawasa Séljuk Kerman

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Kerman nyaéta hiji propinsi di Pérsia kidul. Antawis 1053 jeung 1154, wewengkonna ngawengku ogé Umman.

Muhammad ninggalkeun Kerman, anu direbut ku pupuhu séké Oghuz, Malik Dinar. Kerman ahirna dianéksasi ku Kakaisaran Khwarezmiyah dina 1196.

Pangawasa Séljuk di Suriah

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Ka Artuqids

Sultan/Émir Damaskus:

Damaskus direbut ku Burid Toghtekin

Sultan Séljuk Rûm (Anatolia)

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 Artikel utama: Kasultanan Rûm.
Munara kembar Kharāghān, diwangun dina 1053 di Iran, nyaéta pajaratan pangéran-pangéran Séljuk.
Kasultanan Séljuk Rûm dina 1190, saméméh Perang Salib Katilu.

Tingali ogé

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Catetan

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  1. "Seljuq Turks" in various scholastic sources
  2. Hottinger, Arnold, The Arabs, (University of California Press, 1963), 90; "..and for these Turko-persian Seljuks who now ruled the largest Islamic state..."
  3. Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161,164; "..renewed the Seljuk attempt to found a great Turko-Persian empire in eastern Iran..", "It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia, did not Turkify Persia-no doubt because they did not wish to do so. On the contrary, it was they who voluntarily became Persians and who, in the manner of the great old Sassanid kings, strove to protect the Iranian populations from the plundering of Ghuzz bands and save Iranian culture from the Turkoman menace."
  4. Nishapuri, Zahir al-Din Nishapuri (2001), “The History of the Seljuq Turks from the Jami’ al-Tawarikh: An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljuq-nama of Zahir al-Din Nishapuri,” Partial tr. K.A. Luther, ed. C.E. Bosworth, Richmond, UK. K.A. Luther: "... the Turks were illiteratre and uncultivated when they arrived in Khurasan and had to depend on Iranian scribes, poets, jurists and theologians to man the institution of the Empire”(pg 9)
    • Jackson, P. (2002). "Review: The History of the Seljuq Turks: The History of the Seljuq Turks". Journal of Islamic Studies 2002 13(1):75–76; doi:10.1093/jis/13.1.75.Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies.
    • Bosworth, C. E. (2001). "Notes on Some Turkish Names" in Abu 'l-Fadl Bayhaqi's Tarikh-i Mas'udi. Oriens, Vol. 36, 2001 (2001), pp. 299–313.
    • Dani, A. H., Masson, V. M. (Eds), Asimova, M. S. (Eds), Litvinsky, B. A. (Eds), Boaworth, C. E. (Eds). (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Ltd).
    • Hancock, I. (2006). On Romani Origins and Identity. The Romani Archives and Documentation Center. The University of Texas at Austin.
    • Asimov, M. S., Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). (1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement: AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Part One: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting. Multiple History Series. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.
  5. * Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, Routledge, 2005, p. 399
    • Michael Mandelbaum, Central Asia and the World, Council on Foreign Relations (May 1994), p. 79
    • Jonathan Dewald, Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, p. 24: "Turcoman armies coming from the East had driven the Byzantines out of much of Asia Minor and established the Persianized sultanate of the Seljuks."
    • Ram Rahul. March of Central Asia, Indus Publishing, page 124.
    • C.E. Bosworth, "Turkish expansion towards the west", in UNESCO History of Humanity, Volume IV, 2000.
    • Mehmed Fuad Koprulu, Early Mystics in Turkish Literature, Translated by Gary Leiser and Robert Dankoff, Routledge, 2006, pg 149.
    • O.Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK Archived 2012-01-22 di Wayback Machine)
    • Encyclopædia Britannica, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (LINK)
  6. Bosworth, C.E.; Hillenbrand, R.; Rogers, J.M.; Blois, F.C. de; Bosworth, C.E.; Darley-Doran, R.E., Saldjukids, Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2009. Brill Online: “Culturally, the constituting of the Seljuq Empire marked a further step in the dethronement of Arabic from being the sole lingua franca of educated and polite society in the Middle East. Coming as they did through a Transoxania which was still substantially Iranian and into Persia proper, the Seljuqs with no high-level Turkish cultural or literary heritage of their own – took over that of Persia, so that the Persian language became the administration and culture in their land of Persia and Anatolia. The Persian culture of the Rum Seljuqs was particularly splendid, and it was only gradually that Turkish emerged there as a parallel language in the field of government and adab; the Persian imprint in Ottoman civilization was to remain strong until the 19th century.

Bacaan salajengna

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  • Grousset, Rene (1988). The Empire of the Steppes: a History of Central Asia. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p. 147. ISBN 0813506271. 
  • Péacock, A.C.S, éarly Seljuq History : A New Interpretation; New York, NY ; Routledge; 2010
  • Previte-Orton, C. W. (1971). The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 

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