Indung leungeun
Pidangan
(dialihkeun ti Jempol)
Indung leungeun (basa Hormat: indung panangan atawa jempol) nyaéta salah sahiji ramo dina leungeun. Indung leungeun béda tina opat ramo anu séjénna ku sabab arahna ogé béda tur mibanda buku ramo anu leuwih saeutik jeung leuwih pondok. Indung leungeun bisa dipeletékkeun ka béh jero atawa ka arah ramo anu séjénna, jeung bisa digunakeun pikeun nyekelan hiji benda kalawan diteken ka béh jero atawa ka bagéan leungeun jeung ramo anu séjénna.
Referensi
[édit | édit sumber]Daftar Pustaka
[édit | édit sumber]- Almécija, S.; Moyà-Solà, S.; Alba, D. M. (2010). "Early Origin for Human-Like Precision Grasping: A Comparative Study of Pollical Distal Phalanges in Fossil Hominins". PLoS ONE 5 (7): e11727. Bibcode 2010PLoSO...511727A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011727. PMC 2908684. PMID 20661444. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2908684.
- Ankel-Simons, Friderun (2007). "Chapter 8: Postcranial Skeleton". Primate Anatomy (3rd ed.). Academic Press. p. 345. ISBN 978-0-12-372576-9.
- Austin, Noelle M. (2005). "Chapter 9: The Wrist and Hand Complex". Di Levangie, Pamela K.; Norkin, Cynthia C. Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis (4th ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. ISBN 978-0-8036-1191-7.
- Brown, David P.; Freeman, Eric D.; Cuccurullo, Sara; Freeman, Ted L. (2004). "Upper Extremities—Hand Region: Range of Motion of the Digits". Di Cuccurullo, Sara. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board Review. Demos Medical Publishing. ISBN 978-1-888799-45-3. (NCBI)
- Brunelli, Giovanni R. (1999). "Stability in the first carpometacarpal joint". Di Brüser, Peter; Gilbert, Alain. Finger bone and joint injuries. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-85317-690-6.
- Byrne, R.W.; Byrne, J.M.E. (1993). "Complex Leaf-Gathering Skills of Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla g. beringei): Variability and Standardization". American Journal of Primatology 31 (4): 241–261. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350310402. ISSN 0275-2565. Diarsipkan dari yang asli on September 20, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090920100630/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~www_sp/people/personal/rwb/publications/1993%20Byrne_Byrne_AJP.pdf.
- Christel, Marianne I.; Kitzel, Stefanie; Niemitz, Carsten (30 November 2004). "How Precisely do Bonobos (Pan paniscus) Grasp Small Objects?". International Journal of Primatology 19 (1): 165–194. doi:10.1023/A:1020319313219. http://www.springerlink.com/content/w06281n1m71n7418/.[tumbu nonaktif][tutumbu nonaktip permanén]
- Costello, Michael B.; Fragaszy, Dorothy M. (March 1988). "Prehension in Cebus and Saimiri: I. Grip type and hand preference". American Journal of Primatology 15 (3): 235–245. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350150306. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110487513/PDFSTART.[tumbu nonaktif]Citakan:Cbignore
- de Klerk, W.J.; Forster, C.A.; Sampson, S.D.; Chinsamy, A.; Ross, C.F. (2000). "A new coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20 (2): 324–332. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0324:ancdft]2.0.co;2. Diarsipkan on 2012-01-30. Kesalahan: If you specify
|archivedate=
, you must also specify|archiveurl=
. http://rosslab.uchicago.edu/publications/De%20Klerk%20et%20al.%202000.pdf. Diakses pada 2019-05-16. Archived 2012-01-30 di Archive-It - Diogo, R; Richmond, BG; Wood, B (2012). "Evolution and homologies of primate and modern human hand and forearm muscles, with notes on thumb movements and tool use". Journal of Human Evolution 63 (1): 64–78. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.04.001. PMID 22640954.
- Ellerman, John Reeves (1941). The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. II. Family Muridae. London: British Museum (Natural History).
- Franzen, JLSalah éksprési: Kecap "etal" teu dipikawanoh. (2009). Hawks, John. ed. "Complete Primate Skeleton from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: Morphology and Paleobiology". PLoS ONE 4 (5): e5723. Bibcode 2009PLoSO...4.5723F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005723. PMC 2683573. PMID 19492084. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2683573.
- Harcourt-Smith, W E H; Aiello, L C (May 2004). "Fossils, feet and the evolution of human bipedal locomotion". Journal of Anatomy 204 (5): 403–16. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00296.x. PMC 1571304. PMID 15198703. Diarsipkan on 2013-01-05. Kesalahan: If you specify
|archivedate=
, you must also specify|archiveurl=
. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0021-8782&date=2004&volume=204&issue=5&spage=403. Archived 2013-01-05 di Archive.today - Hsu, Ar-Tyan; Meng-Tsu Hu; Fong Ching Su (July 2008). "Effect of Gender, Flexibility and Thumb Type on Thumb Tip Generation". Journal of Biomechanics 41 (Supplement 1): S148. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(08)70148-9. http://www.jbiomech.com/article/S0021-9290%2808%2970148-9/abstract.
- Jones, Lynette A.; Lederman, Susan J. (2006). Human hand function. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 9780195173154.
- Leakey, LSB; Tobias, PV; Napier, JR (April 1964). "A New Species of Genus Homo from Olduvai Gorge". Nature 202 (4927): 7–9. Bibcode 1964Natur.202....7L. doi:10.1038/202007a0. PMID 14166722. http://purple.niagara.edu/wje/Bio121/Leaky%201964%20habilis.pdf.[tumbu nonaktif][tutumbu nonaktip permanén]
- McBride, Earl Duwain (1942). Disability evaluation: principles of treatment of compensable injuries. Lippincott. p. 631.
- McDade, Melissa C. (2003). "Koalas (Phascolartidae)". Di Hutchins, Michael; Kleiman, Devra G.; Geist, Valerius et al. Grzimek's animal life encyclopedia: Volumes 12–16, Mammals I–V (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group.
- Moyà-Solà, Salvador; Köhler, Meike; Rook, Lorenzo (January 5, 1999). "Evidence of hominid-like precision grip capability in the hand of the Miocene ape Oreopithecus". PNAS 96 (1): 313–317. Bibcode 1999PNAS...96..313M. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.1.313. PMC 15136. PMID 9874815. http://www.pnas.org/content/96/1/313.full.pdf.
- Napier, John Russell (November 1956). "The prehensile movements of the human hand". J Bone Joint Surg Br 38 (4): 902–913. PMID 13376678. http://www.bjj.boneandjoint.org.uk/content/38-B/4/902.full.pdf.
- Nowak, Ronald M. (1999). Walker's mammals of the world, Volume 2 (6th ed.). JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5789-8.
- Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.
- Senter, Phil (2006). "Comparison of forelimb function between Deinonychus and Bambiraptor (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (4): 897–906. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[897:COFFBD]2.0.CO;2.
- Slocum, D.B.; Pratt, D.R. (1946). "Disability Evaluation for the Hand". Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 28 (3): 491. http://www.ejbjs.org/cgi/reprint/28/3/491.pdf.[tumbu nonaktif][tutumbu nonaktip permanén]
- van Nierop, Onno A.; van der Helm, Aadjan; Overbeeke, Kees J.; Djajadiningrat, Tom J.P. (2008). "A natural human hand model". Visual Comput 24 (1): 31–44. doi:10.1007/s00371-007-0176-x. http://www.ece.uvic.ca/~btill/papers/mocap/vanNierop_etal_2008.pdf.
- Young, Richard W. (January 2003). "Evolution of the human hand: the role of throwing and clubbing". Journal of Anatomy 202 (1): 165–174. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00144.x. PMC 1571064. PMID 12587931. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1571064.