Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Panonpoé

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em"
|+ '''Panonpoé''' [[file:Sun symbol (bold).svg|20px|☉]]
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" | [[Gambar:panonpoé.jpeg|300px|Srangéngé]]
|-
! bgcolor="#ffffc0" colspan="2" align="center" |  '''Data observasi'''
|-
! align="left" | Jarak rata-rata ti Marcapada
| [[1 E11 m|150,000,000 km]]<br />(93,000,000&nbsp;mi)
|-
! align="left" | [[Apparent magnitude|Visual brightness]] (V)
| −26.8<sup>m</sup>
|-
! align="left" | [[Absolute magnitude]]
| 4.8<sup>m</sup>
|-
! bgcolor="#ffffc0" colspan="2" align="center" |  '''Physical characteristics'''
|-
! align="left" | Diaméter
| [[1 E9 m|1,392,000]] [[meter|km]]
|-
! align="left" | Diaméter éelatif (d<sub>S</sub>/d<sub>E</sub>)
|  109
|-
! align="left" | Oblateness
|  ~9×10<sup>−6</sup>
|-
! align="left" | Lega beungeut
| [[1 E18 m&sup2;|6.09]] [[Notasi ilmiah|×]] 10<sup>12</sup> km²
|-
! align="left" | Eusi
| [[1 E27 m&sup3;|1.41]] × 10<sup>27</sup> [[méter kubik|m&sup3;]]
|-
! align="left" | Massa
| [[1 E30 kg|1.9891]] × 10<sup>30</sup>   [[kilogram|kg]]
|-
! align="left" | Massa rélatif ka Bumi
|  333,400
|-
! align="left" | Dénsitas
| 1.411 g/cm³
|-
! align="left" | Dénsitas rélatif ka Bumi
| 0.26
|-
! align="left" | Dénsitas rélatif ka [[cai]]
| 1.409
|-
! align="left" | Surface [[gravity]]
| 274 m s<sup>−2</sup>
|-
! align="left" | Relative surface gravity
| 27.9 [[gee|g]]
|-
! align="left" | Escape velocity
|  618&nbsp;km/s
|-
! align="left" | Surface temperature
| 5780 [[Kelvin|K]]
|-
! align="left" | Temperature of [[corona]]
| 5 × 10<sup>6 </sup>K
|-
! align="left" | [[Luminosity]] (L<sub>S</sub>)
| 3.827 × 10<sup>26</sup> [[joule|J]] s<sup>−1</sup>
|-
! bgcolor="#ffffc0" colspan="2" align="center" |  '''[[Orbit]]al characteristics'''
|-
! align="left" | Period of rotation
| &nbsp;
|-
| align="right" | At equator:
| 27d 6h 36m
|-
| align="right" | At 30° latitude:
| 28d 4h 48m
|-
| align="right" | At 60° latitude:
| 30d 19h 12m
|-
| align="right" | At 75° latitude:
|   31d 19h 12m
|-
! align="left" | Period of orbit around<br />galactic centre
| 2.2 × 10<sup>8</sup> yéars
|-
! bgcolor="#ffffc0" colspan="2" align="center" |  '''[[photosphere|Photospheric]] composition'''
|-
! align="left" |  [[Hidrogén]]
|  73.46 %
|-
! align="left" |  [[Hélium]]
|  24.85 %
|-
! align="left" |  [[Oksigén]]
|   0.77 %
|-
! align="left" |  [[Karbon]]
|   0.29 %
|-
! align="left" |  [[Beusi]]
|   0.16 %
|-
! align="left" |  [[Néon]]
|   0.12 %
|-
! align="left" |  [[Nitrogén]]
|   0.09 %
|-
! align="left" |  [[Silikon]]
|   0.07 %
|-
! align="left" |  [[Magnésium]]
|   0.05 %
|-
! align="left" |  [[Walirang|Sulfur]]
|   0.04 %
|}
'''Panonpoé''' (ᮕᮔᮧᮔ᮪ᮕᮧᮆ) nyaéta [[béntang]] na [[tatasurya]] urang. [[Planét]] [[Marcapada]] jeung sakabéh dulurna, boh [[planét terestrial]] atawa [[raksasa gas]], [[orbit|ngurulingan]] Panonpoé. Nu séjénna nu ngurilingan Panonpoé kayaning [[astéroid]], [[météoroid]], [[komét]], [[objék Trans-Neptunius]], jeung, tangtu bae, [[kebul]]. Panonpoé salah sahiji barang langit anu jadi asal cahya alatan bisa ngahasilkeun sarta mancarkeun cahya sorangan. Panonpoé kaasup salah sahiji [[béntang]] ti mangmilyar-milyar [[béntang]] anu aya di [[angkasa]].<ref name="internet1">{{id}}[http://tebe.wapgem.com/3.MATAHARI]
(diakses tanggal 22 oktober 2011)</ref>

Sacara kimiawi, kira-kira tilu parapat massa panonpoé diwangun tina [[hidrogén]], sedengkeun sésana lolobana mah diwangun ku [[Hélium]].Sésa massana (1,69%, sarua jeung 5.629 kali massa [[Marcapada]]) diwangun ku élemén-élemén beurat siga [[oksigén]], [[karbon]], [[néon]], jeung [[beusi]].

Panonpoé kajieun kira-kira 4,6 miliar taun katukang kusabab luruhna [[gravitasi]] hiji wilayah dina jero [[méga]] [[molekul]] badag. Sabagéan badagna matéri kakumpul di tengah, samentara sésana ngaipisan jadi cakram nu medar nu engkéna jadi [[Surya Mandala]]. Massa puseurna beuki panas jeung padet anu matak ahirna ngamimitian fusi térmonuklir dina jero intina. Dikira-kira lamun kabéh béntang anu lianna kawangun ku prosés anu sarua. Klasifikasi béntang panonpoé, dumasar kana kelas spéktrumna, nyaéta béntang dérét utama G (G2V) jeung ogé osok diasupkeun kana ''katai konéng'' kusabab [[radiasi]] katempona téh leuwih katénjo dina porsi [[spéktrum]] konéng-beureum. Masingkeun warnana [[bodas]], tina permukaan Marcapada, panonpoé katempo konéng kusabab nyampurna cahaya paul/biru di [[atmosfir]]. Numutkeun kana lébel kelas spéktrum,''G2'' nandakeun suhu permukaanna kira-kira 5778 K (5505 °C) jeung ''V'' nandakeun lamun panonpoé, jeung bararéntang anu lianna, mangrupa béntang dérét utama, anu matak energina kacipta ku [[fusi nuklir]] [[Inti atom|nukleus]] [[hidrogén]] ka jero [[hélium]]. Dina jero intina, panonpoé ngafusikeun 620 yuta ton métrik [[hidrogén]] satiap detik.

== Ciri fisik jeung nu séjénna ==
Panonpoé mangrupa [[béntang]] nu kaasup [[kelas spéktral]] G2, nu hartina béntang ieu téh leuwih badag sarta leuwih panas batan rata-rata, tapi ukuranana leuwih leutik batan béntang raksasa biru. Béntang G2 mibanda umur runtuyan utama kira 10 milyar taun; Panonpoé téh umurna kira geus 5 milyar taun, dumasar [[nukléokosmokronologi]].<!--

Panonpoé bentukna méh buleud, nu ''oblateness''-na kira sapersalapan, nu ngandung harti béda diaméter kutub jeung katulistiwana paling gedé 10 km. This is in good part because the centrifugal effect of the Sun's rather sedate rotation is 18 million times weaker than its surface gravity (at the equator).

At the center of the Sun, where its density is 1.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> kg m<sup>-3</sup>, thermonuclear reactions ([[nuclear fusion]]) convert hydrogen into helium. 3.8 × 10<sup>38</sup> [[proton|protons]] (hydrogen nuclei) are converted to helium every second. This releases energy which escapes from the surface of the Sun in the form of [[electromagnetic radiation]] and [[neutrino]]s (and to a smaller extent as the kinetic and thermal energy of solar wind plasma and as the energy in the Sun's magnetic field). [[Physics|Physicists]] are able to replicate thermonuclear reactions with [[hydrogen bomb]]s.  Sustained nuclear fusion on Earth for electricity generation may be possible in the future, with nuclear fusion reactors.

All [[matter]] in the Sun is in the form of [[plasma]] due to its extreme temperature. This makes it possible for the Sun to rotate faster at its equator than it does at higher latitudes, since the Sun is not a solid body. The differential rotation of the Sun's latitudes causes its [[magnetic field]] lines to become twisted together over time, causing magnetic field loops to erupt from the Sun's surface and trigger the formation of the Sun's dramatic [[sunspot]]s and [[solar prominence]]s.  The solar activity cycle includes old magnetic fields being stripped off the Sun's surface starting from one pole and ending at the other.

The [[corona]] has 10<sup>11 </sup>atoms/m<sup>3</sup>, and the [[photosphere]] has 10<sup>23 </sup>atoms/m<sup>3</sup>.

For some time it was thought that the number of [[neutrino]]s produced by the nuclear reaction in the Sun was only one third of the number predicted by theory, a result that was termed the [[solar neutrino problem]]. When it was recently found that neutrinos had mass, and could therefore transform into harder-to-detect varieties of neutrinos while en route from the Sun to Earth, measurement and theory were reconciled.

To obtain an uninterrupted view of the Sun, the [[European Space Agency]] and [[NASA]] cooperatively launched the [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory]] (SOHO) on [[December 2]], [[1995]].

Observation of the Sun can reveal such phenomena as:

* [[Sunspot]]s
* [[Facula]]e
* [[Granule]]s
* [[Solar flare]]s
* [[Solar prominence]]s
** [[quiescent prominence]]s
** [[eruptive prominence]]s
*[[Coronal mass ejection]]

'''Caution: looking directly at the Sun can damage the [[retina]] and one's [[eyesight]].'''

The [[Astronomical symbols|astronomical symbol]] for the Sun is a [[circle with a point at its centre]].

[[Image:panonpoé_SOHO.gif|thumb|300px|Ngontabna panonpoé nu karékam ku alat [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory|SOHO]]]].
-->

==Mangpaat panonpoé==
Panonpoé geus dimangpaatkeun di loba belahan dunya sarta lamun diéksplotasi kalayan pas, énergi ieu miboga poténsi sanggup nyadiakeun kaperluan konsumsi énergi dunya ayeuna dina waktu anu leuwih lila. Panonpoé bisa dipaké sacara langsung pikeun mroduksi [[listrik]] atawa pikeun manaskan komo pikeun niiskeun. Poténsi mangsa ka hareup énergi surya ngan diwatesan ku kahayang urang pikeun néwak kasempetan. Aya loba cara pikeun ngamangpaatkeun énergi ti panonpoé. Tumbuhan ngarobah sinar panonpoé jadi [[énergi]] [[kimia]] kalayan ngagunakeun fotosintésis. Urang ngamangpaatkeun énergi ieu kalayan ngadahar sarta ngabeuleum [[kai]]. Najan kitu, istilah “tanaga surya” miboga harti ngarobah cahya panonpoé sacara langsung jadi panas atawa énergi [[listrik]] pikeun pamakéan urang. Dua tipe dasar tanaga panonpoé nyaéta “cahya panonpoé” sarta “photovoltaic” (photo- cahya, voltaic=tegangan)Photovoltaic tanaga panonpoé: ngalibatkeun pembangkit listrik ti cahya. Rusiah ti prosés ieu téh pamakéan bahan [[semi konduktor]] anu bisa disaluyukeun pikeun ngalepas éléktron, partikel boga muatan négative anu nyieun dasar listrik.<ref name="internet2">{{id}}[http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/id/campaigns/perubahan-iklim-global/Energi-Bersih/Energi_matahari/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065444/http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/id/campaigns/perubahan-iklim-global/Energi-Bersih/Energi_Matahari/ |date=2014-10-06 }}(diakses tanggal 1 novenber 2011)</ref>
Bahan semi konduktor anu pangumumna dipaké dina [[sél photovoltaic]] nyaéta [[silikon]], hiji élemén anu umum kapanggih di keusik. Kabéh sél photovoltaic miboga sahenteuna dua lapisan semi konduktor kawas éta, hiji boga muatan positif sarta hiji boga muatan négatif. Sabot cahya bersinar dina semi konduktor, lading listrik menyeberang sambungan di antara dua lapisan ngabalukarkeun listrik nyérélék, membangkitkan arus DC. Beuki kuat cahya, beuki kuat aliran listrik.<ref name="internet2"/>

=== Tempo ogé ===
* [[Radiasi surya]]
* [[Radius surya]]
* [[Énergi surya]]
* [[Angin surya]]
** [[Aurora borealis]]
** [[Aurora australis]]
* [[Fotosfir]]
* [[Kromosfir]]
* [[Korona]]
* [[Samagaha]]

=== Tumbu kaluar ===
* [http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/data/realtime-images.html Current SOHO snapshots]
* [http://soi.stanford.edu/data/farside/index.html Far-Side Helioseismic Holography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416165919/http://soi.stanford.edu/data/farside/index.html |date=2009-04-16 }} from [http://www.stanford.edu Stanford]
* [https://archive.is/20120523184353/sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/eclipse.html NASA Eclipse homepage]
* [http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/ Nasa SOHO (Solar & Heliospheric Observatory) satellite]
* [http://soi.stanford.edu/results/sounds.html Solar Sounds] from [http://www.stanford.edu Stanford] 
* [http://www.spaceweather.com Spaceweather.com]
{{clear}}

{{Tatasurya}}

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