Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Ramadan


{{Infobox Holiday|holiday_name={{lang|ar|رمضان}} <br />Ramadan|type=|longtype=[[Islam|Keagamaan]]|image=Welcome Ramadhan.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=Sahiji bulan sabit anu katingali di luhureun tangkal korma nalika surupna panon poe di [[Manama]], anu jadi ciri yen datangna bulan Ramadan di [[Bahrain]].|official_name=|observedby=Umat [[Muslim]]|begins=1 Ramadan|ends=29 atanapi 30 Ramadan|date=Beragam (mengikuti [[kalender Islam|kalender bulan Islam]])<ref name="ummalqura">{{cite web|url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm|title=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia|access-date=7 Maret 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611040922/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm|archive-date=11 Juni 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|celebrations=Komunitas [[sahur]], komunitas [[iftar]], dan komunitas [[salat]]|observances=* [[saum]] (puasa)
* [[zakat]] dan [[sedekah]]
* salat [[Tarawih]] 
* tadarus [[Alquran]]
* [[tausiah]]
* ngajauhan paripolah anu kurang merenah
* ngadékor imah
* masang lentera 
* [[ngabuburit]]|relatedto=[[Idulfitri]], [[Nuzulul Quran]], [[Lailatul Qadar]]|frequency=unggal 12 bulan (kalender bulan)}}
[[Gambar:هلال_رمضان.jpg|jmpl| Bulan sabit dihias ku mangpirang pirang warna anu éndah cahayana dina bulan Ramadhan.]]
'''Ramadhan''' atawa '''Romadon''' ( {{IPAc-en|ˌ|r|æ|m|ə|ˈ|d|ɑː|n}}; {{Lang-ar|رمضان}}   {{IPA-ar|ramaˈdˤaːn|IPA}}; <ref group="note">Dalam pengucapan Arab, kata ini dapat diucapkan menjadi {{IPA|[rɑmɑˈdˤɑːn, ramadˤɑːn, ræmæˈdˤɑːn]}}, tergantung wilayah.</ref> ogé di[[Romanisasi|romanisasikeun]] ku '''Ramazan''', '''Ramadhan''', atawa '''Ramathan''' ) mangrupa bulan kasalapan dina [[kalénder Islam]], <ref>[[BBC]] – [http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/ramadan_1.shtml ''Religions''] Retrieved 25 July 2012</ref> anu dirayakeun ku umat Islam di sakuliah dunya ku [[puasa]] (''[[saum]]'') jeung miélingkeun wahyu anu munggaran anu nepi ka Nabi [[Muhammad|Muhammad.]] nurutkeun kayakinan umat muslim. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/722486.shtml|title=Muslims worldwide start to observe Ramadan|year=2012|website=The Global Times Online|accessdate=28 July 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsfeedresearcher.com/data/articles_w30_3/ramadan-muslims-fasting.html|title=The Muslim World Observes Ramadan|year=2012|website=Power Text Solutions|accessdate=28 July 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211042928/http://newsfeedresearcher.com/data/articles_w30_3/ramadan-muslims-fasting.html |date=11 February 2021 }}</ref> Milangkala taunan ieu kacatur ku salah sahiji rukun Islam . <ref name="BBC 2012">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/islam/ramadan.shtml|title=''Schools – Religions''|publisher=BBC|accessdate=25 July 2012}}</ref> Bulan Ramadhan bakal lumangsung salila 29-30 poé dumasar kana paniténan bulan anyar (hilal), nurutkeun sababaraha aturan anu ditulis dina [[Hadis|hadits]] . <ref name="Bukhari">{{Cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2466-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-124.html|title=Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124.|last=Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail|first=AbdAllah-Muhammad|website=hadithcollection.com|accessdate=25 July 2012}}</ref> <ref name="Muslim">{{Cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihmuslim/134-Sahih%20Muslim%20Book%2006.%20Fasting/10970-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number-2378.html|title=Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2378.|last=Muslim-Ibn-Habaj|first=Abul-Hussain|website=hadithcollection.com|accessdate=25 July 2012}}</ref>

Kecap Ramadan asalna tina kecap akar basa Arab ''ramiḍa'' atawa ''ar-ramaḍ,'' anu hartina panas atawa kagaringan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihmuslim/134-Sahih%20Muslim%20Book%2006.%20Fasting/10952-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number-2391.html|title=Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2391.|last=Muslim-Ibn-Habaj|first=Abul-Hussain|website=hadithcollection.com|accessdate=25 July 2012}}</ref> Puasa Ramadhan hukumna nyaéta [[Fardhu|''fardhu'']] (wajib) pikeun muslim nu geus baleg, kajaba ngalaman halangan pikeun migawéna saperti gering, iinditan, geus kolot, nyandung, nyusu, [[Diabétes mélitus|diabét]] atawa [[Kareseban|haid]]. <ref>Fasting (Al Siyam) – {{Lang|ar|الصيام}} – Page 18, el Bahay el Kholi, 1998</ref> Kawajiban pikeun puasa nalika bulan Ramadhan turun di bulan [[Sya'ban]] taun kadua sanggeus hijrah umat Islam ti [[Mekah]] ka [[Madinah]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201201/ramadan.in.the.farthest.north.htm|title=Saudi Aramco World: Ramadan in the Farthest North|publisher=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204183609/https://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201201/ramadan.in.the.farthest.north.htm|archivedate=2015-02-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 June 2015}}</ref> Bulan Ramadhan dimimitian ku ditangtukeunna bulan sabit salaku tanda ayana bulan anyar. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://islamqa.info/en/5842|title=How to pray and fast in countries where the day or night is continuous|publisher=|accessdate=5 February 2017}}</ref>

Nalika puasa ti isuk nepi ka burit, umat Islam dicaram dahar, nginum cairan naon waé, ngaroko, jeung ngawati. Kajaba ti eta, aranjeunna diparéntahkeun pikeun nyingkirkeun pagawéan dosa dina raraga nyampurnakeun pahala puasa, saperti ngomongkeun perkara anu goréng (kayaning ngahina, fitnah, moyok, ngawadul) jeung gelut. <ref>IslamQA, "It is not permissible for one who is fasting to insult anyone", URL: http://islamqa.info/en/37658</ref> Dahareun jeung inumeun bisa disadiakeun unggal poé, ti saacan meleték panonpoé (Fajr) nepi ka surup (Maghrib). <ref>Islam, Andrew Egan – 2002 – page 24</ref> <ref>Dubai – Page 189, Andrea Schulte-Peevers – 2010</ref> Pendekatan spiritual (''tobat'') nalika bulan Ramadhan sibuk. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2465-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-125.html|title=Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125.|last=Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail|first=AbdAllah-Muhammad|website=hadithcollection.com|accessdate=25 July 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115170845/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2465-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-125.html |date=15 January 2013 }}</ref> Puasa pikeun umat Islam salami Ramadhan biasana direuah-reuah ku ngalobakeun [[solat]] sareng maca [[Qur'an|Alquran]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cmje.org/religious-texts/hadith/abudawud/006-sat.php|title=Sunan Abu-Dawud – (The Book of Prayer) – Detailed Injunctions about Ramadan, Hadith 1370|last=[[Abu Dawud]]-Ibn-Ash'ath-AsSijisstani|first=Sulayman|website=Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement of The University of Southern California|accessdate=25 July 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2391-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-199.html|title=Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 199.|last=Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail|first=AbdAllah-Muhammad|website=hadithcollection.com|accessdate=25 July 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115170800/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2391-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-199.html |date=15 January 2013 }}</ref>

Kakhususan bulan Ramadhan pikeun umat Islam kagambar dina Al-Quran [[Al Baqoroh|surat Al-Baqarah]] ayat 183 anu hartosna:
"''Hei eling-eling jalma anu iman, wajib pikeun anjeun puasa sakumaha diwajibkeun ka jalma-jalma samemeh araranjeun sangkan anjeun jadi jalma anu taqwa."''
- (Al-Baqoroh 2: 183)

== Patokan ceuk Étimologi ==
''Ramadhan'' (     <ref name="a">{{Cite web|url=https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/Muharam|title=KBBI Daring|last=[[Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa]]|year=2016|website=kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id|location=Jakarta|accessdate=2018-06-30|ref=harv|edition=5}}</ref> asalna tina akar kecap <big><big>ر م ﺿ</big></big>, anu hartosna [[Panas|panas ereng-erengan]] . Urang Babilon, anu budaya na kantos ngadominasi pisan di kalér [[Semenanjung Arab|Jazirah Arob,]] nganggo kalénder ''luni-surya'' (ngitung taun dumasar kana bulan sareng panonpoé). [[Kalénder Islam|Bulan kasalapan]] sok ragrag nalika usum panas anu panas pisan. Ti enjing dugi ka sonten, batu gunung sareng pasir gurun dibeuleum ku panonpoé dina usum panas, anu siang na langkung lami tibatan wengi. Peutingna panas dina batu sareng pasir ngaleutikan sakedik, tapi acan ge tiis pisan, kabujeng enjing deui. Ieu kajantenan teras-terasan, sahingga saatos sababaraha minggu aya akumulasi panas anu kacida bangetna. Poéan ieu disebat bulan Ramadhan, bulan anu kacida panasna.

Saatos masarakat [[Islam]] ngembangkeun kalénder dumasar bulan, anu rata-rata 11 dinten langkung pondok tibatan kalénder panonpoé, Ramadhan henteu teras-terasan kabeneran sareng usum panas. ''Masarakat langkung paham kana métaforis'' 'panas' Ramadhan (kiasan). Kusabab dina dinten Ramadhan jalma anu saum, tikoro na panas ku haus. Atanapi, dipiharep ayana ieu Ibadah dina Ramadhan, janten wasilah kana dihapusna pirang pirang dosa nu tiheula atawa nu bakal aya jaga.

Tina kecap dasar ieu, kecap Ramadhan dipaké pikeun nunjukkeun sensasi panas nalika aya anu hanaang. Sasauran anu sanés nyebatkeun yén kecap Ramadhan dianggo kusabab dina bulan éta dosa diduruk ku amal hadé nalika [[Panonpoé|panonpoe]] ngabakar taneuh. Nanging, kecap Ramadan henteu tiasa dibingungkeun sareng Ramadhan. Ramadan (make dal) dina basa Arab hartosna jalma anu panonna nyeri bakal lolong. Salajengna éta panginten dina momen Ramadhan dimangpaatkeun ku pengikut Islam serius pikeun ngalembereh, nyusun sareng ngabarukeun kakuatan fisik, spiritual sareng tingkah laku, sakumaha panas ngagambarkeun hal anu tiasa ngalebur [[Matéri|maté]]<nowiki/>ri . <ref name="EoR">[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/pillars/fasting/tajuddin/fast_40.html#HEADING54 Essentials of Ramadan, The Fasting Month] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909145216/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/pillars/fasting/tajuddin/fast_40.html#HEADING54 |date=2006-09-09 }}</ref>

== Sajarah ==
Surat 2, Ayat 185, Quran nyebatkeun:<blockquote>Bulan Ramadhan mangrupikeun turunna Al-Qur'an, pitunjuk pikeun umat manusa, sareng buktos ayana Nabi sareng Rosul, salaku pituduh hirup, sareng patokan (leres sareng salah).

 Sadayana umat Islam wajib puasa dina bulan éta, sareng saha waé anu gering atanapi iinditan, moal puasa sareng wajib ngarobih dina dinten anu sanés. Allah masihan anjeun rukhsoh sareng henteu hoyong kasusah pikeun anjeun.

 Pikeun awéwé kudu ngarengsekeun haid, saatos éta wajib ngagentosan saatos Ramadhan réngsé sareng anjeun kedah ngagungkeun Alloh anu masihan pituduh ka anjeun, sareng anjeun ogé kedah syukuran. [Quran Al-Baqarah: 185 ]</blockquote>Dipercanten yén [[Qur'an|Al]] -Qur'an mimiti diturunkeun ka [[Muhammad]] salami bulan Ramadhan anu parantos disebat "waktos anu saé". Wahyu munggaran ieu lungsur dina peuting [[Laélatulqodar|Lailatul Qadar]] (peuting kakuatan) nu salah sahiji tina lima peuting dina poé sapuluh panungtungan Ramadan. <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Magnificence of Quran|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=AKmmBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT29&dq=ramadan+quran+revealed&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=ramadan%2520quran%2520revealed&f=false|publisher=Darussalam Publishers|date=2006|first=Mahmood Bin Ahmad Bin Saaleh|last=Ad-Dausaree}}</ref> Numutkeun kana hadits, sadaya buku suci diturunkeun salami bulan Ramadhan. Shuhuf Ibrahim, Tauret, Jabur, Injil sareng [[Qur'an|Alquran]] diturunkeun dina tanggal 1, 6, 12, 13 <ref group="note">The hadith of Jabir ibn Abdullah mentions that the Gospel was sent down on the 18th of Ramadan. <sup>{{Cite book|title=Loud Thoughts on Religion: A Version of the System Study of Religion. Useful Lessons for Everybody|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=t6CvZJJt1PIC&q=fasting#v=snippet|publisher=Trafford Publishing|date=June 2013|isbn=9781490705217|first=Rafig Y.|last=Aliyev}}</sup></ref> sareng 24 Ramadhan masing-masing. <ref name="Rafig">{{Cite book|title=Loud Thoughts on Religion: A Version of the System Study of Religion. Useful Lessons for Everybody|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=t6CvZJJt1PIC|publisher=Trafford Publishing|date=June 2013|isbn=9781490705217|first=Rafig Y.|last=Aliyev|page=129}}</ref>

Dina Al Qur'an, puasa ogé fardhu keur agama sateuacan Islam, tur éta cara pikeun ngéngingkeun ''taqwa'', sieun ku ayana Gusti . <ref>{{Cite book|title=Explanation of the Three Fundamental Principles of Islam (Salafi): Sharh Usool ath-Thalatha of Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahaab|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EbamAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT63#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher=Salafi Books|first=Shaikh Saalih|last=al-Uthaymeen}}</ref> [Quran Al-Baqarah: 183 ] Allah SWT ngadawuh ka Nabi Muhammad yén puasa pikeun Anjeunna sanés inovasi anyar. Dina tauhid, éta mangrupikeun kawajiban anu dilaksanakeun ku jalma-jalma anu leres-leres ngaladén kana katauhidan gusti Allah. <ref>Quran Chapter 2, Revelation 183</ref> Jelma kapir [[Mekah]] ogé saum, tapi ngan dina dinten kasapuluh Muharram pikeun ngahapus dosa sareng ngajauhkeun halodo. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Loud Thoughts on Religion: A Version of the System Study of Religion. Useful Lessons for Everybody|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=t6CvZJJt1PIC|publisher=Trafford Publishing|date=February 2013|isbn=9781490705217|first=Rafig Y.|last=Aliyev|page=128}}</ref>

Katangtosan pikeun puasa salami bulan Ramadhan lungsur  18 bulan saatos Hijrah, nyaéta bulan Sya'ban dina taun kadua Hijrah taun 624 Masehi. <ref name="Rafig"/>

Abu Zanad, panulis Arab ti Irak anu hirup saatos ngadegna agama Islam, kira-kira taun 747 Masehi, nyerat yén sahenteuna hiji komunitas Muslim anu cicing di al-Jazira (Irak kalér modéren) niténan Ramadan sateuacan ngalih kana Islam. <ref>See Ibn Qutaybah,op.cit.page 204; Cited by Sinasi Gunduz, The Knowledge of Life, Oxford University, 1994, p. 25, note 403: "Abu al-Fida, op-cit., p.148; Bar Habraeus, op.cit. p.266, Ibn Hazm claims that this fast is the fast of Ramadan (of the Muslims), but this is completely wrong."</ref>

Numutkeun ka Philip Jenkins, Ramadhan sumping "tina disiplin ketat ti garéja Suriah". <ref>Jenkins, Philip (31 July 2006). The New Faces of Christianity: Believing the Bible in the Global South (p. 182). Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition.</ref> Nanging, saran ieu dumasarkeun kana ideu orientalis yén Alquran nyalira ngagaduhan asal Siria, anu ditolak ku sarjana Muslim sapertos M. Al-Azami. <ref>Muhammad Mustafa al-Azami, "The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments", 2nd Edition (2008), Azami Publishing House</ref>

== Mangsa penting ==

=== Mimiti ===
[[Gambar:Ramadan100years1938-2037.png|jmpl| Tabél mimiti Ramadhan pikeun taun Gregorian antara 1938 sareng 2038.]]
[[Kalénder Islam|Kalénder Hijriyah]] dumasar kana révolusi [[Bulan (satelit)|bulan]] anu ngurilingan [[Marcapada|jagat marcapada]] sareng awal unggal bulan ditangtukeun nalika hilal (sabit leutik) lumangsung. Cara nangtukeun momen hilal anu dianggo ayeuna nyaéta metode ningali ku panon taranjang (katelah rukyah) sareng ngagunakeun [[Astronomi|metode ngétang astronomi]] (katelah hisab). Persatuan Islam (persis) sareng Majelis Ulama Indonésia (MUI) nganggo kombinasi hisab sareng rukyah pikeun nangtoskeun hilal. Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) sareng Kamenterian Agama Républik Indonésia salaku Pamaréntah Indonésia nganggo metode rukyatul hilal; sedengkeun [[Muhammadiyah]] ngagunakeun '''''hisab hakiki wal wujudul hilal''''' salaku dasar pikeun nangtukeun hilal. <ref>T Djamaluddin, Fatwa MUI Membuka Jalan: Penyatuan Hari Raya Segera Terwujud </ref> Bédana metodeu ieu nyababkeun kamungkinan béda-béda dina hasil nangtoskeun iraha ngamimitian sareng nungtungan Ramadhan, sapertos kajantenan taun [[1998]] Maséhi (1418 H). <ref>[http://www.hilalsighting.org/papers/salman.pdf Hilal Sighting & Islamic Dates: Issues and Solution Insha'Allaah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206015307/http://www.hilalsighting.org/papers/salman.pdf |date=2009-02-06 }}. Hilal Sighting Committee of North America ([http://www.hilalsighting.org/ website]). Retrieved 19 August 2009.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2466-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-124.html|title=Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124|last=Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail|first=AbdAllah-Muhammad|website=hadithcollection.com|accessdate=25 July 2012}}</ref>

=== Wengi kamulyaan ===
''Lailatul Qadar'' (wengi katangtosan), mangrupikeun wengi istimewa anu lumangsung dina bulan Ramadhan. Wengi ayeuna dicarioskeun dina [[Qur'an|Al Qur'an]] dina [[Al Qodar|Surah Al-Qadr]], éta langkung saé tibatan sarébu bulan. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Robinson|first=Neal|title=Islam: A Concise Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/islam00neal|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=1999|location=Washington|doi=|id=|isbn=0-87840-224-1}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2465-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-125.html|title=Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125|last=Ibn-Ismail-Bukhari|first=AbdAllah-Muhammad|website=hadithcollection.com|accessdate=28 July 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115170845/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2465-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-125.html |date=15 January 2013 }}</ref> Waktos anu tepat wengi ieu kajantenan henteu dipikaterang tapi numutkeun sababaraha [[Hadis|cariosan]], wengi ieu tumiba dina 10 wengi terakhir Ramadhan, tepatna dina salah sahiji wengi ganjil, nyaéta wengi ka 21, 23, 25, 27 atanapi 29. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/65-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2032.%20Praying%20at%20Night%20In%20Ramadan%20(Taraweeh)/2479-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-032-hadith-number-238.html|title=Sahih Bukhari – Book 032 (Praying at Night during Ramadan), Hadith 238|last=Ibn-Ismail-Bukhari|first=AbdAllah-Muhammad|website=hadithcollection.com|accessdate=28 July 2012}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihmuslim/134-Sahih%20Muslim%20Book%2006.%20Fasting/10668-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number-2632.html|title=Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2632|last=Muslim-Ibn-Habaj|first=Abul-Hussain|website=hadithcollection.com|accessdate=28 July 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115170848/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihmuslim/134-Sahih%20Muslim%20Book%2006.%20Fasting/10668-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number-2632.html |date=15 January 2013 }}</ref> Sababaraha umat Islam biasana nyobian ngareuah-reuah wengi ieu ku nyaring dina wengi-wengi tungtung bulan Ramadhan bari sholat sapeupeuting. <ref>[http://www.hidayatullah.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=107&Itemid=60 Hidayatullah: Cara jitu memburu Lailatul Qadar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211123623/http://www.hidayatullah.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=107&Itemid=60 |date=2012-02-11 }}</ref>

=== Tungtung ===
Akhir bulan Ramadhan direuah-reuah kalayan gumbira ku sadaya muslim di marcapada. Sore (wengi 1 [[Syawal|Shawwal]] ), anu biasana disebat wengi kameunangan, aranjeunna bakal nyarios takbir sasarengan. Di Indonésia, ritual ieu janten hal anu narik kusabab biasana penduduk Islam nyebatkeun takbir bari parade ngurilingan landeuh sareng desa, kadang-kadang ditambahan ku cara neunggeul drum sareng lampu kembang api atanapi ngahurungkeun lantera.

Dinten énjingna dina kaping 1 Shawwal, anu dirayakeun salaku [[Idul Fitri]], duanana lalaki sareng awéwé muslim bakal ngariung di [[Masigit|masjid]] sareng alun-alun tempat shalat Idul Fitri bakal dilaksanakeun. [[Solat]] dilakukeun ku dua rakaat teras dipungkas ku dua khutbah dina lebaran. Milangkala éta teras dilanjengkeun ku acara silih hampura (''mushofahah'') di papada umat Islam, sareng dina waktos anu sasarengan ngeureunkeun séri kagiatan agama khusus anu aya dina Ramadhan. <ref name="EsinIslam">{{Cite web|url=http://www.esinislam.com/Articles201009/WritersArticles_AdilSalahi_0911.htm|title=Ruling on Voluntary Fasting After The Month Of Ramadan: Eid Day(s) And Ash-Shawaal|website=EsinIslam, Arab News & Information – By Adil Salahi|accessdate=23 May 2016}}</ref>

== Kegiatan kaagamaan ==
[[Gambar:Fasting.JPG|kiri|jmpl|250x250px| Kaayaan nalika buka [[puasa]] ( ''iftar'' ) babarengan di mesjid.]]
Kegiatan utama dina bulan Ramadhan nyaéta tangtos, puasa, sahur, buka puasa, solat peuting, ngalobakeun maca [[Qur'an|Al-Quran]], ngarayakeun dinten wahyu Al-Qur'an, sareng amal hadé anu sanés. <ref name="guardian">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/features/weekend/169233-muslims-observe-ramadan-clerics-explain-significance|title=Muslims observe Ramadan, clerics explain significance|website=Guardian News, Nigeria|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140718041849/http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/features/weekend/169233-muslims-observe-ramadan-clerics-explain-significance|archivedate=2014-07-18|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hadithcollection.com/.../10999-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number%20-2361.html|title=Sahih Muslim Book 006, Hadith Number 2361.|website=Hadith Collection|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604202311/http://www.hadithcollection.com/.../10999-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number%20-2361.html|archivedate=2015-06-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 June 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604202311/http://www.hadithcollection.com/.../10999-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number%20-2361.html |date=2015-06-04 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sunnah.com/bukhari/30/|title=Book of Fasting – Sahih al-Bukhari – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)|publisher=|accessdate=16 June 2015}}</ref>

=== Saum sasih siam ===
Saum/ Puasa pikeun urang Islam ( [[Basa Arab|Arab]] : <font size="4">صوم,</font> transliterasi: ''Shuwam)'' nyaéta nyengker tina tuangeun sareng inuman sareng sadaya padamelan anu tiasa ngabatalkeun kana puasa, ti subuh dugi ka surup [[panonpoé]], dina kaayaan anu tangtu, pikeun ningkatkeun kataqwaan jalma muslim . Puasa (saum) mangrupikeun salah sahiji tina lima rukun Islam . Saum ceuk lugot hartosna nyengker atanapi nyegah. <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/articles/2008/08/29/ramadhan_2008_feature.shtml Why Ramadan brings us together]; ''[[BBC]]'', 1 September 2008</ref> <ref name="WP">[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/27/AR2008092702592_2.html?nav=rss_world Help for the Heavy at Ramadan], ''[[Washington Post]]'', 27 September 2008</ref> <ref name="dieticiannour">{{Cite web|url=http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/072709p56.shtml|title=Understanding Muslim Fasting Practices|last=El-Zibdeh|first=Dr. Nour|website=todaysdietitian.com|accessdate=25 July 2012}}</ref> 

==== Sahur ====
Sahur mangrupikeun istilah [[Islam]] anu ngarujuk kana kagiatan tuangna jalma [[Islam]] anu dilaksanakeun dina janari <ref>[http://deskripsi.com/s/sahur Deskripsi - Sahur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312045610/http://www.deskripsi.com/s/sahur |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> pikeun anu ngalaksanakeun [[Saum|puasa]] salami Ramadhan. Sahur salaku sarapan cocog sareng Iftar salaku tuang, salami Ramadhan, ngagentos tilu tuangeun sadinten ( [[Mumuluk|sasarap]], tuang siang sareng tuangeun ), <ref>{{Citation|title=BBC - Schools - Religion - Islam|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/islam/ramadan.shtml|access-date=11 April 2010}}</ref> sanaos di sababaraha tempat tuang tuang ogé dikonsumsi saatos Iftar pas magrib.

==== Iftar ====
Iftar ngarujuk kana ngaliwet anu waktosna nalika buka puasa salami bulan Ramadhan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interfaithdialog.org/dinners/dinner-of-abrahamic-traditions-2-2.html|title=Dinner of Abrahamic Traditions|website=interfaithdialog.org|language=Bahasa Inggris|accessdate=22 April 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310075955/http://www.interfaithdialog.org/dinners/dinner-of-abrahamic-traditions-2-2.html |date=10 March 2016 }}</ref> Iftar mangrupikeun hiji ibadah nalika bulan Ramadhan sareng sering dilakukeun ku hiji komunitas, sareng jalma-jalma kumpul pikeun buka [[Saum|puasa]] babarengan. Iftar dilakukeun pas saatos waktos Maghrib. Sacara tradisional, kurma mangrupikeun hal anu mimiti didahar nalika buka puasa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://imeu.net/news/article0014277.shtml|title=Ramadan in Palestine at the Institute for Middle East Understanding|website=imeu.net|language=Bahasa Inggris|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206013516/http://imeu.net/news/article0014277.shtml|archivedate=2008-12-06|dead-url=yes|accessdate=22 April 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206013516/http://imeu.net/news/article0014277.shtml |date=2008-12-06 }}</ref>

Seueur umat Islam yakin yén masihan Iftar ka batur salaku bentuk amal pisan manpaatna sareng dilakukeun ku Nabi Muhammad. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.haqislam.org/ramadan/virtues-of-iftari.htm|title=Virtues of iftar|website=haqislam.org|language=Bahasa Inggris|accessdate=22 April 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726114037/http://www.haqislam.org/ramadan/virtues-of-iftari.htm |date=26 July 2009 }}</ref>

=== Solat Peuting ===
Nalika peuting, saberes sholat [[isya]], umat Islam teras-terasan ngalaksanakeun ibadah [[Tarawéh|tarawih]] . Doa khusus anu ngan ukur dilaksanakeun salami bulan Ramadhan. Solat tarawih, sanaos tiasa dilakukeun kalawan papisah, umumna dilakukeun berjamaah di [[Masigit|masjid]] . Kadang-kadang sateuacan dilaksanakeunnana sholat tarawih di tempat-tempat tertentu, diayakeun ceramah pondok pikeun ngalengkepan jamaah dina ngalaksanakeun ibadahna dina bulan éta. Saatos ngalaksanakeun solat tarawih, biasana langsung teraskeun sareng solat witir 3 siklus. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.islamhelpline.com/qa/tarawih-prayer-nafl-or-sunnah|title=Tarawih Prayer a Nafl or Sunnah|publisher=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118190826/http://www.islamhelpline.com/qa/tarawih-prayer-nafl-or-sunnah|archivedate=2015-11-18|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 June 2015}}</ref>

=== Ngaos Al-Qur'an ===
Salaku tambahan kana amalan [[puasa]], kaseueuran umat Islam nyéépkeun waktos sateuacan buka puasa ku maos [[Qur'an|Alquran]] hiji [[juz]] unggal dinten. Biasana dibaca khusus dina kelompok atanapi sacara sewang-sewangan, tapi aya ogé anu mungkaskeun 30 Juz ku wasilah maos surat dina [[Tarawéh|solat Taraweh]] .{{Fact}}

=== Lungsurna Al-qur'an ===
Pirang-pirang nonoman jeung ulama ngagaduhan sasauran anu bénten ngeunaan kaping anu tangtos iraha lungsurna wahyu Al-Qur'an <ref name="nzqsofwah">[http://www.alsofwah.or.id/?pilih=rdnlihat&id=9 Nuzulul Quran Sebagai Peringatan atau Pelajaran]</ref> (''[[Nuzulul Quran]]'')''.'' Dina kasempetan ieu, [[Al 'Alaq|Surah Al-'Alaq]] ayat 1 dugi ka 5 diturunkeun nalika Nabi [[Muhammad]] aya di [[Gua Hira]] . Milangkala acara ieu biasana dilaksanakeun ku pangaosan di [[Masigit|masjid]] . Tapi peringatan ieu dianggap [[bid'ah]], sabab teu aya ti nabina. Mimiti ditangtoskeunna milangkala ''[[Nuzulul Quran]]'' di Indonesia nyaéta nalika Presiden Soekarno dipasihan saran ti Buya Hamka pikeun ngareuah-reuah wengian ''Nuzulul Quran,'' lantaran ngepas jeung poéan merdékana Indonesia.

=== Umroh ===
Upami Umroh dilakukeun dina bulan ieu, éta langkung seueur pahalana tibatan bulan-bulan anu sanés. Dina [[Hadis|Hadits]] disaurkeun "Umrah dina bulan Ramadhan sami sareng haji atanapi haji sareng kaula." (Diriwayatkeun ku: Bukhari sareng Muslim). <ref name="Umrah">[http://www.mediamuslim.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=306&Itemid=37 media muslim, umrah pada bulan ramadan]</ref>

=== Zakat fitrah ===
Zakat fitrah mangrupikeun [[Zakat|zakat anu]] dikaluarkeun khusus dina bulan Ramadhan atanapi paling akhir sateuacan réngsé shalat Idul Fitri . Unggal jalma muslim anu mampu wajib mayar zakat fitrah. <ref>Yasin, Ahmad Hadi. "[http://banten.dompetdhuafa.org/uploads/media/PANDUAN-ZAKAT-1433-web.pdf Panduan Zakat Praktis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506033725/http://banten.dompetdhuafa.org/uploads/media/PANDUAN-ZAKAT-1433-web.pdf |date=2019-05-06 }}." ''Jakarta: Dompet Dhuafa Republika'' (2011).</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://baznas.go.id/panduanzakat|title=BAZNAS - BADAN AMIL ZAKAT NASIONAL|last=root|website=baznas.go.id|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-06}}</ref> Jumlah zakat fitrah anu kedah dibayar sewang sewangan nyaéta hiji sha' tergantung kadaharan pokok di daérah anu bersangkutan.  <ref>Mubarok, A., & Fanani, B. (2014). [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulloh_Mubarok/publication/320322246_PENGHIMPUNAN_DANA_ZAKAT_NASIONAL/links/59dd9ae6a6fdcc276fa39750/PENGHIMPUNAN-DANA-ZAKAT-NASIONAL.pdf PENGHIMPUNAN DANA ZAKAT NASIONAL (Potensi, Realisasi dan Peran Penting Organisasi Pengelola Zakat)]. ''Permana'', ''5''(2).</ref> Jumlah ieu, nalika dirobah, sami sareng 2,5 kilogram atanapi 3,5 liter béas. Anu nampi Zakat umumna didefinisikeun dina 8 kelompok (fakir, miskin, amil, [[mualaf]], budak, gharimin, fisabilillah, ibnu sabil) tapi numutkeun sababaraha ulama khusus, zakat fitrah kedah ngutamakeun dua kelompok anu mimiti, nyaéta anu fakir sareng anu miskin. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wordpress-268576-833073.cloudwaysapps.com/apa-itu-zakat/|title=Apa Itu Zakat? Penjelasan tentang Zakat dalam Islam|website=Lembaga Amil Zakat Dompet Dhuafa|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-05-06}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506033729/https://wordpress-268576-833073.cloudwaysapps.com/apa-itu-zakat/ |date=2019-05-06 }}</ref> Sasauran ieu dumasar kana alesan yén jumlah zakat leutik pisan sedengkeun salah sahiji tujuan tina ngaluarkeun zakat fitrah nyaéta supaya jalma-jalma anu miskin sareng anu miskin tiasa ilubiung dina ngarayakeun idul fitri.

== Prakték budaya ==
[[Gambar:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Oproep_tot_het_gebed_op_vrijdag_via_de_trom_bij_de_moskee_Tulehu_TMnr_20018271.jpg|kiri|jmpl|300x300px| Neunggeul [[bedug]] di Indonésia]]
[[Gambar:Lanterns_from_below.JPG|jmpl| Hiasan lantera ramé di [[Kairo]], [[Mesir]]]]
[[Gambar:Ramadan_jerusalem_kmhad.jpg|jmpl| Ramadhan di Kota Lama&nbsp;[[Yerusalem]]]]
Di sababaraha [[Dunya muslim|nagara Muslim]] ayeuna, lampu digantungkeun di alun-alun, sareng di jalan-jalan landeuh, pikeun ngareuah reuah ieu bulan. [[Lantera|Lentera]] mangrupikeun hiasan simbolis pikeun bulan Ramadhan. Di nagara-nagara berkembang, aranjeunna digantungkeun di jalan-jalan kota. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/slideshow/muslims-begin-fasting-start-ramadan-holy-month-16822614|title=Muslims begin fasting for Ramadan|website=ABC News|accessdate=6 August 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/the-spirit-of-ramadan-is-here-butbulanis-it-still-so-dark|title=The spirit of Ramadan is here, but why is it still so dark?|last=Taryam Al Subaihi|website=The National|accessdate=30 July 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shine.yahoo.com/decorate-ramadan-175400368.html|title=How to decorate for Ramadan|last=Cochran|first=Sylvia|website=Yahoo-Shine|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115184556/http://shine.yahoo.com/decorate-ramadan-175400368.html|archivedate=2013-01-15|dead-url=yes|accessdate=6 August 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115184556/http://shine.yahoo.com/decorate-ramadan-175400368.html |date=2013-01-15 }}</ref> Lenter tradisi salaku hiasan anu pakait sareng Ramadhan dipercaya asalna ti jaman Khalifah [[Fatimiid|Fatimiyyah]] anu pusatna di [[Mesir]], di mana Khalifah [[Al-Mu'izz]] li-Dinillah disambut ku jalma-jalma anu nyekel lantera pikeun ngagungkeun kaputusanana. Ti saprak éta, lantera parantos dianggo pikeun ngahirupkeun masjid sareng imah di ibukota [[Kairo]] . Mal balanja, bisnis, sareng bumi jalma tiasa katingali ku béntang sareng gunung sabulan sareng rupa-rupa pangaruh cahaya ogé.

Salaku nagara anu jumlah pendudukna muslim pangageungna di marcapada, [[Indonésia|Indonesia]] ngagaduhan macem-macem tradisi ramadan. Di [[Pulo Jawa]], seueur urang [[Urang Jawa|Jawa]] mandi di cinyusu suci nyiapkeun puasa, ritual anu katelah Padusa. [[Kota Semarang]] nandaan mimiti Ramadhan ku [[karnaval Dugderan]], anu ngalibatkeun pengendog Warak, [[Kuda|mahluk hibrid kuda]] - naga panginten diideuan ku [[Buraq]] . Di ibukota Cina anu dipangaruhan ku [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok|Cina]], kurupuk seuneu biasana dipaké pikeun ngahudangkeun jalma pikeun sholat subuh dugi ka abad ka-19. Dina panungtungan bulan Ramadhan, kaseueuran pagawé nampi bonus sasasih anu katelah Tunjangan Hari Raya (THR). Sababaraha jinis tuangeun anu kawéntar pisan salami Ramadhan, sapertos sapi di [[Acéh]], sareng [[Kéong|tutut]] di [[Jawa Tengah]] . Hidangan Iftar diumumkeun unggal wengi ku neunggeul [[bedug]] di mesjid.

== Kaséhatan ==
Puasa Ramadhan aman pikeun jalma anu séhat, tapi anu ngagaduhan kaayaan médis kedah milari naséhat médis. <ref>{{Cite journal|year=2010|title=Islamic fasting and health|url=|journal=Ann. Nutr. Metab.|volume=56|issue=4|pages=273–82|doi=10.1159/000295848|pmid=20424438}}</ref> Mangsa puasa biasana dikaitkeun sareng leungitna beurat anu sedeng, tapi beurat condong datang deui saatosna. <ref>{{Cite journal|year=2014|title=Islamic fasting and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis|url=|journal=Public Health Nutr|volume=17|issue=2|pages=396–406|doi=10.1017/S1368980012005046|pmid=23182306}}</ref>

=== Panyawat ginjal ===
Tinjauan literatur ku kelompok Iran nunjukkeun yén puasa salami Ramadhan tiasa nyababkeun [[Ginjal|tatu ginjal]] di pasién anu panyakit sedeng (GFR <60 ml / mnt) atanapi panyakit ginjal anu langkung parah, tapi henteu ngarugikeun pasién cangkok ginjal anu ngagaduhan fungsi anu saé atanapi paling ngawangun batu. <ref name="renal diseases mini review">{{Cite journal|date=August 2013|title=Ramadan fasting and patients with renal diseases: A mini review of the literature|journal=J Res Med Sci.|publisher=Official Journal of [[Isfahan University of Medical Sciences]]|volume=18|issue=8|pages=711–716|issn=1735-1995|pmc=3872613|pmid=24379850}}</ref>

== Denda pikeun palanggaran ==
Di sababaraha nagara Muslim, gagal atanapi gancang ngalawan ngalawan kabiasaan sapertos kitu salami bulan Ramadhan dianggap kajahatan sareng dituntut sapertos kitu. Salaku conto, di [[Aljazair]], dina Oktober 2008 [[Biskra|pengadilan Biskra]] ngahukum genep jalma opat taun panjara sareng denda anu beurat. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2008/10/07/57856.html|title=Algerians jailed for breaking Ramadan fast|website=Al Arabiya News}}</ref>

Di [[Kuwait]], numutkeun undang-undang nomer 44 taun 1968, hukumanana nyaéta denda henteu langkung ti 100 dinar Kuwait, atanapi panjara henteu langkung ti sabulan, atanapi duanana hukuman, kusabab ditingali tuang, nginum atanapi ngaroko nalika siang siang salami Ramadhan . <ref>[http://www.moi.gov.kw/portal/vEnglish/pressrel.asp?objectid={220CBBC3-8EA9-4835-A491-C368B0689E55}&catid={506BD210-2218-41DE-9648-30A1C3AAD0F6}&year=&relid={57BF4B27-AAFB-4F61-9065-B013FA96A464} Press release by Kuwait Ministry Of Interior]</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=KD 100 fine, one month prison for public eating, drinking|newspaper=Friday Times|location=|language=<!-- English -->|publisher=Kuwait Times Newspaper|date=21 August 2009|url=http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=MTE3NDM5MzY5NA|access-date=17 November 2009|archive-date=2020-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107124956/http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=MTE3NDM5MzY5NA|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Di sababaraha daérah [[Uni Émirat Arab|Émirat Arab Bersatu]], tuang atanapi nginum di tempat umum salami Ramadhan dianggap mangrupikeun palanggaran ringan sareng dihukum dugi ka 150 jam jasa masarakat. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Salama|first=Samir|title=New penalty for minor offences in UAE|newspaper=Gulf News|location=Dubai, UAE|pages=|language=|publisher=Al Nisr Publishing LLC|date=16 July 2009|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/crime/new-penalty-for-minor-offences-in-uae-1.492892|access-date=17 November 2009}}</ref> Di [[Saudi Arabia|Arab Saudi anu caket]], anu ''dijelaskeun ku The Economist'' nganggap Ramadhan "langkung serius tibatan tempat sanés", <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ramadan in Saudi Arabia: Taking it to heart|url=http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21700396-kingdom-treats-holy-month-more-seriously-anywhere-else-taking-it|access-date=11 June 2016|work=[[The Economist]]|date=11 June 2016}}</ref> aya hukuman anu langkung parah, padahal di Malaysia, henteu aya hukuman sapertos kitu.

Di [[Mesir]], penjualan [[alkohol]] dilarang salami Ramadhan. <ref>"[http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/48444/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-tourism-minister-confirms-alcohol-prohibiti.aspx Egypt's tourism minister 'confirms' alcohol prohibition on Islamic holidays beyond Ramadan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811064259/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/48444/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-tourism-minister-confirms-alcohol-prohibiti.aspx |date=2013-08-11 }}," ''[[Al-Ahram]], 22 July 2012.''</ref>

Dina 2014 di Kermanshah, [[Iran]], hiji non-Muslim dihukum pikeun ngaduruk roko sareng lima urang Muslim dikeruk kalayan 70 belang pikeun tuang salami Ramadhan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2702774/Christian-sentenced-Iranian-judge-lips-burnt-cigarette-eating-Ramadan.html|title=Christian sentenced by Iranian judge to have his lips burnt with a cigarette for eating during Ramadan|website=Mail Online|accessdate=24 July 2014}}</ref>

=== Masalah hukum anu sanés ===
Sababaraha nagara gaduh hukum anu ngarobah jadwal damel salami Ramadhan. [[Uni Émirat Arab|Dina Undang-Undang Buruh Uni Émirat Arab]], jam kerja maksimum nyaéta 6 jam per dinten sareng 36 jam per minggu. [[Qatar]], [[Oman]], [[Bahrain]] sareng [[Kuwait]] ngagaduhan hukum anu sami. <ref>[http://www.dlapiper.com/files/Publication/2cde821c-0999-49a7-a472-7b198caeb169/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/588752a7-2159-4538-8938-7da1610c0faa/DLA_Piper_Middle_East_Be_Alert_Ramadan.pdf Employment Issues During Ramadan – The Gulf Region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404152029/http://www.dlapiper.com/files/Publication/2cde821c-0999-49a7-a472-7b198caeb169/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/588752a7-2159-4538-8938-7da1610c0faa/DLA_Piper_Middle_East_Be_Alert_Ramadan.pdf |date=2020-04-04 }}, DLA Piper Middle East.</ref>

== Aspék ékonomi ==
[[Gambar:Iftar_in_Istanbul_Turkey.jpg|jmpl|333x333px| Iftar di [[Masjid Sultan Ahmed]] di [[Istanbul]], Turki]]
Bulan Ramadhan di [[Indonésia]] sareng [[Organisasi Sabilulungan Islam|nagara-nagara anu mayoritas pendudukna Muslim]] sacara umum tiasa dikaitkeun sareng kakuatan kakuatan sareng paripolah konsumtif masarakat pikeun barang sareng jasa. Di Indonésia, ieu aya hubunganana pisan sareng kabiasaan [[pamaréntah]] sareng perusahaan swasta pikeun nyayogikeun tunjangan liburan (THR) ka para karyawanna. Kanaékan ieu kajantenan ampir di sadaya séktor ti transportasi, tuangeun, inuman dugi ka kabutuhan rumah tangga. Janten henteu umum pikeun tingkat inflasi ngahontal titik na anu pangluhurna salami bulan ieu. <ref>[http://www.republika.co.id/koran_detail.asp?id=55914&kat_id=15&kat_id1=&kat_id2= Republika: Ekonomi Ramadan, Muhammad Syafi'i Antonio]</ref> Fénoména ieu tiasa ditingali sacara jelas ku répormasi para padagang musiman anu ngajual rupa-rupa komoditi mimitian ti tuangeun dugi ka pakean di tempat umum, khususna di sisi jalan. Salian ti ngayakeun nyebar bazaar anu disponsoran ku pamaréntah, swasta, organisasi tertentu sareng organisasi non-pamaréntah.

== Tingkat Dursila ==
Korelasi Ramadhan sareng tingkat kajahatan dicampur: sababaraha statistik nunjukkeun yén tingkat kajahatan turun salami Ramadhan, sedengkeun anu sanés nunjukkeun yén aranjeunna ningkat. Pangurangan tingkat kajahatan parantos dilaporkeun ku pulisi di sababaraha kota di [[Turki]] ( Istanbul <ref name="zaman">{{Cite web|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/national_crime-rate-falls-in-ramadan_254431.html|title=Crime rate falls during Ramadan|website=Today's Zaman|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028204709/http://www.todayszaman.com/national_crime-rate-falls-in-ramadan_254431.html|archivedate=2014-10-28|dead-url=yes|accessdate=15 July 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028204709/http://www.todayszaman.com/national_crime-rate-falls-in-ramadan_254431.html |date=2014-10-28 }}</ref> sareng Konya <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=crime-rate-drops-over-ramadan-2002-11-16|title=Crime rate drops over Ramadan|date=16 November 2002|access-date=24 June 2015|publisher=Turkish Daily News}}</ref> ) sareng Propinsi Wétan [[Saudi Arabia|Arab Saudi]] . <ref name="arabnews">{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/459414|title=Eastern Province crime falls 40% during Ramadan|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref> Panilitian taun 2012 nunjukkeun yén tingkat kajahatan turunna salami Iranduring Ramadhan, sareng panurunanna sacara statistik signifikan. <ref name="irjabs">{{Citation|last=Tavakoli|first=Nasrin|title=Effect of spirituality on decreasing crimes and social damages: A case study on Ramadan|journal=International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences|pages=518–524|year=2012|url=http://www.irjabs.com/files_site/paperlist/r_325_121110001354.pdf}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319094157/https://irjabs.com/files_site/paperlist/r_325_121110001354.pdf |date=2021-03-19 }}</ref> Panilitian taun 2005 mendakan yén aya panurunan serangan, perampokan sareng kajahatan anu aya hubunganana sareng alkohol salami Ramadhan di Saudi Arabia, tapi ngan ukur panurunan anu signifikan sacara statistik dina kajahatan anu aya hubunganana sareng alkohol. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nauss.edu.sa/En/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/Master_1425-1426_PS_ps26en.pdf|title=The effect of Ramadan on crime rates in Saudi Arabia, Hattab Ben Thawab Al-Sobaye|website=Naif Arab University for Social Sciences, Thesis publication|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809193119/http://www.nauss.edu.sa/En/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/Master_1425-1426_PS_ps26en.pdf|archivedate=2014-08-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=2017-04-21}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809193119/http://www.nauss.edu.sa/En/DigitalLibrary/ScientificTheses/Documents/Master_1425-1426_PS_ps26en.pdf |date=2014-08-09 }}</ref> Kanaékan tingkat kajahatan salami Ramadhan parantos dilaporkeun di [[Turki]], <ref name="tdn">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/129-women-killed-in-six-months-in-turkey-lawmaker-says.aspx?pageID=238&nID=69005&NewsCatID=509|title=129 women killed in six months in Turkey, lawmaker says|website=Hurriyet Daily News|accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref> [[Jakarta]], <ref name="jpost">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/08/19/crime-rates-increase-during-ramadhan.html|title=Crime rates increase during Ramadan|website=Jakarta Post|accessdate=15 July 2014}}</ref> <ref name="globe">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/archive/4-gold-shop-robbers-killed-2-caught-during-police-raids-across-the-city/326794/|title=4 Gold Shop Robbers Killed, 2 Caught During Police Raids Across the City|website=Jakarta Post|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://thejakartaglobe.com/home/4-gold-shop-robbers-killed-2-caught-during-police-raids-across-the-city/326794&date=2011-07-12|archivedate=2011-07-12|dead-url=no|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref> <ref name="jakartacity">{{Cite web|url=http://www.jakarta.go.id/eng/news/2014/06/anticipating-crime-7500-policemen-put-on-standby-along-ramadan|title=Anticipating Crime, 7,500 Policemen Put on Standby Along Ramadan|website=Department of Communication, Informatics and Public Relations of Jakarta Capital City|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6R7ZlfPNC?url=http://www.jakarta.go.id/eng/news/2014/06/anticipating-crime-7500-policemen-put-on-standby-along-ramadan|archivedate=2014-07-16|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 July 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724125947/http://www.jakarta.go.id/eng/news/2014/06/anticipating-crime-7500-policemen-put-on-standby-along-ramadan |date=2014-07-24 }}</ref> bagéan [[Aljazair|Algeria]], <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elwatan.com/archives/article.php?id_sans_version=87359|title=Comment le Ramadan bouleverse la vie des Algériens|website=El Watan, French|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref> [[Yaman]] <ref name="yemen">{{Cite web|url=http://www.yementimes.com/DefaultDET.aspx?i=1287&p=local&a=1|title=Yemen child trafficking to increase during Ramadan|website=Yemen Times|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yementimes.com%2FDefaultDET.aspx%3Fi%3D1287%26p%3Dlocal%26a%3D1&date=2011-04-04|archivedate=2011-04-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=2017-04-21}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/20110404051838/http://www.yementimes.com/DefaultDET.aspx?i=1287&p=local&a=1 |date=2011-04-04 }}</ref> sareng [[Mesir]] . <ref name="Egypt">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailystaregypt.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3746|title=Ramadan saw rise in violent domestic crimes|website=Daily News, Egypt|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.dailystaregypt.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3746&date=2011-07-12|archivedate=2011-07-12|dead-url=no|accessdate=2017-04-21}}</ref>

Rupa-rupa mékanisme parantos diusulkeun pikeun pangaruh Ramadhan kana kajahatan:

* Hiji sarjana Iran nyatakeun yén puasa salami bulan Ramadhan ngajantenkeun jalma gampang ngalakukeun kajahatan kusabab alesan spiritual. <ref name="aytolh">{{Cite web|url=http://www.yjc.ir/en/news/1619/ramadan-and-lower-crime-rates|title=''Ramadan and lower crime rates: The Ayatollah says that during Ramadan the number of criminal cases in the Judiciary diminish by a great degree''.|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6R7YSzyKn?url=http://www.yjc.ir/en/news/1619/ramadan-and-lower-crime-rates|archivedate=2014-07-16|dead-url=no|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref> Gamal al-Banna nyatakeun yén puasa tiasa setrés jalma, anu tiasa ngajantenkeun aranjeunna langkung seueur ngalakukeun kajahatan. Anjeunna ngritik umat Islam anu ngalakukeun kajahatan nalika puasa salami Ramadhan salaku "palsu sareng deet". <ref name="Egypt"/>
* Pulisi di Saudi Arabia nunjukkeun pangirangan tingkat kajahatan kana "suasana spiritual anu aya di nagara ieu". <ref name="arabnews"/>
* Di [[Jakarta]], [[Indonésia|Indonesia]], pulisi nyarios yén lalu lintas sepi sabab 7 juta jalma ninggalkeun kota pikeun ngarayakeun [[Idul Fitri]] hasilna ningkatna kajahatan jalanan. Hasilna, pulisi nyebarkeun tambahan 7.500 tanaga. <ref name="jakartacity"/>
* Dina bulan Ramadhan, jutaan jamaah asup ka [[Saudi Arabia|Arab Saudi]] pikeun nganjang ka [[Mekah]] . Numutkeun ka ''Yaman Times'', jamaah haji sapertos kitu biasana amal zakat, sareng akibatna penyelundup ngusir budak-budak ti Yaman kanggo nyungkeun jalan di Arab Saudi. <ref name="yemen"/>

== Ramadhan di daérah arktik ==
Panjang subuh dugi ka surupna beda-beda di sababaraha penjuru dunya numutkeun usum panas atanapi usum salju solstis. Kaseueuran umat Islam puasa 11-16 jam salami bulan Ramadhan. Nanging, di daérah arktik, waktos antara subuh sareng surup di Mekah langkung ti 22 jam dina usum panas. Salaku conto, dina 2014, umat Islam di Reykjavik, [[Islandia]], sareng Trondheim, Norwégia, puasa ampir 22 jam, sedengkeun umat Islam di [[Sydney]], [[Australia]], puasa ngan ukur sakitar 11 jam. Umat Islam di daérah anu wengi atanapi siang teras-terasan ditingali salami bulan Ramadhan nuturkeun jam puasa di kota-kota caket dieu di mana puasa ditingali nalika subuh sareng surup. Minangka alternatipna, umat Islam tiasa nuturkeun jaman Mekah. <ref>See article "How Long Muslims Fast For Ramadan Around The World" -Huffingtonpost.co /31 July 2014 and article "Fasting Hours of Ramadan 2014" -Onislam.net / 29 June 2014 and article "The true spirit of Ramadan" -Gulfnews.com /31 July 2014</ref> <ref>See article by Imam Mohamad Jebara "The fasting of Ramadan is not meant to punish" http://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/columnists/jebara-the-fasting-of-ramadan-is-not-meant-to-punish</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/03/ramadan-canada-arctic-fasting-hours-sunlight|title=Arctic Ramadan: fasting in land of midnight sun comes with a challenge|last=Kassam|first=Ashifa|website=|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=2016-07-06}}</ref>

== Gawe di bulan Ramadhan ==
Umat Islam bakal tetep damel salami bulan Ramadhan. Nabi Muhammad nyarios yén penting pikeun ngajaga kasaimbangan antara ibadah sareng padamelan. Di sababaraha nagara Islam, sapertos Oman, jam damel disingkat salami bulan Ramadhan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofoman.com/article/36340/Oman/-Ramadan-working-hours-announced-in-Oman|title=Ramadan working hours announced in Oman|website=Times of Oman|accessdate=17 June 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624185407/http://timesofoman.com/article/36340/Oman/-Ramadan-working-hours-announced-in-Oman |date=24 June 2016 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofoman.com/article/53294/Ramadan/Ramadan-working-hours-for-muslims-working-during-the-Holy-Month-announced-for-public-and-private-sec|title=Ramadan working hours announced for public and private sectors|website=Times of Oman|accessdate=17 June 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624222635/http://timesofoman.com/article/53294/Ramadan/Ramadan-working-hours-for-muslims-working-during-the-Holy-Month-announced-for-public-and-private-sec |date=24 June 2016 }}</ref> Sering disarankeun supaya muslim anu damel ngabéjaan ka dununganana upami aranjeunna puasa, dipasihan kamungkinan patuh pikeun mangaruhan kinerja tempat damel. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.workingmuslim.com/RamadanEmployeeGuide.pdf|title=The Working Muslim in Ramadan|year=2011|publisher=Working Muslim|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007181131/http://www.workingmuslim.com/RamadanEmployeeGuide.pdf|archivedate=2016-10-07|dead-url=yes|accessdate=2016-06-30}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007181131/http://www.workingmuslim.com/RamadanEmployeeGuide.pdf |date=2016-10-07 }}</ref> Tingkat di mana anu lalajo Ramadhon dijagaan ku akomodasi agama beda-beda ti unggal nagara. Kawijakan anu nempatkeun aranjeunna dina kerugian dibandingkeun padamel anu sanésna parantos patepung sareng klaim diskriminasi di [[Inggris]] sareng [[Amérika Sarikat|Amérika Serikat]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lewissilkinemployment.com/en-gb/insights-knowledge/insights-knowledge/a/knowledge/ramadan-employment-issues/|title=Lewis Silkin – Ramadan – employment issues|last=Lewis Silkin|website=lewissilkinemployment.com|accessdate=1 June 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.findlaw.com/free_enterprise/2014/06/reasonable-accommodations-for-ramadan-lessons-from-2-eeoc-cases.html|title=Reasonable Accommodations for Ramadan? Lessons From 2 EEOC Cases|website=Free Enterprise|accessdate=21 July 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/8-6-10a.cfm|title=EEOC And Electrolux Reach Settlement In Religious Accommodation Charge Brought By Muslim Employees|website=eeoc.gov|accessdate=21 July 2015}}</ref>

== Lilana waktu puasa ==
Waktos puasa ditangtoskeun ku waktos ti naék dugi ka surup, janten posisi [[Panonpoé|matahari]] di bumi mangaruhan panjang waktos jalma puasa. Kusabab nagara anu ngagaduhan [[Tropis|iklim tropis]] di daérah [[Hatulistiwa|katulistiwa]] ngagaduhan durasi saimbang (sakitar 12 jam siang sareng sakitar 12 wengi), durasi puasa cenderung stabil ti taun ka taun. Hal anu béda dialaman ku nagara-nagara di beulahan bumi kalér sareng beulahan bumi beulah kidul anu ngalaman "robih ekstrim", nyaéta nalika usum puasa usum janten pondok (kirang ti 12 jam) sedengkeun usum panas bakal ningkat (langkung ti 12 jam).

Ieu mangrupikeun conto data ngeunaan lilana waktu puasa nalika beulahan bumi kalér ngalaman usum panas.
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="40%"
!Nagara
! Panjangna gancang (jam)
|-
|{{Flag|Amerika Serikat}}</img>{{Flag|Amerika Serikat}}
| 15 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sumut.pojoksatu.id/2016/06/05/inilah-7-negara-dengan-durasi-puasa-tercepat-di-dunia/|title=Inilah 7 Negara dengan Durasi Puasa Tercepat di Dunia|website=sumut.pojoksatu.id|language=Bahasa Indonesia|accessdate=21 April 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422032849/http://sumut.pojoksatu.id/2016/06/05/inilah-7-negara-dengan-durasi-puasa-tercepat-di-dunia/ |date=22 April 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Antartika}}</img>{{Flag|Antartika}}
| 8 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://segiempat.com/kps/anéh-unik-kps/tahukah-anda/negara-durasi-puasa-terpendek/|title=Negara dengan Durasi Berpuasa Terpendek di Dunia|website=segiempat.com|language=Bahasa Indonesia|accessdate=21 April 2017}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Argentina}}</img>{{Flag|Argentina}}
| 9{{Fact}}
|-
|{{Flag|Arab Saudi}}</img>{{Flag|Arab Saudi}}
| 14{{Fact}}
|-
|Arktik
| 22 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anakregular.com/2015/06/waktu-puasa-terpanjang-dan-terpendek-di.html|title=Waktu Puasa Terpanjang dan Terpendek di Dunia|website=anakregular.com|language=Bahasa Indonesia|accessdate=21 April 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421195613/http://www.anakregular.com/2015/06/waktu-puasa-terpanjang-dan-terpendek-di.html |date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}}
| 9 (beulah kidul){{Fact}}<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki>11 (beulah kalér){{Fact}}
|-
|{{Flag|Brasil}}</img>{{Flag|Brasil}}
| 12{{Fact}}
|-
|{{Flag|Britania Raya}}</img>{{Flag|Britania Raya}}
| 18{{Fact}}
|-
|{{Flag|Indonesia}}</img>{{Flag|Indonesia}}
| 13 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nationalgeographic.co.id/berita/2014/06/durasi-puasa-di-indonesia-tahun-ini|title=Durasi Puasa di Indonesia Tahun Ini|website=nationalgeographic.co.id|language=Bahasa Indonesia|accessdate=21 April 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421194925/http://nationalgeographic.co.id/berita/2014/06/durasi-puasa-di-indonesia-tahun-ini |date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Finlandia}}</img>{{Flag|Finlandia}}
| 20{{Fact}}
|-
|{{Flag|Islandia}}</img>{{Flag|Islandia}}
| 21{{Fact}}
|-
|{{Flag|Jepang}}</img>{{Flag|Jepang}}
| 15{{Fact}}
|-
|{{Flag|Jerman}}</img>{{Flag|Jerman}}
| 17{{Fact}}
|-
|{{Flag|Norwegia}}</img>{{Flag|Norwegia}}
| 20{{Fact}}
|-
|{{Flag|Rusia}}</img>{{Flag|Rusia}}
| 20{{Fact}}
|-
|{{Flag|Selandia Baru}}</img>{{Flag|Selandia Baru}}
| 9{{Fact}}
|-
|{{Flag|Swedia}}</img>{{Flag|Swedia}}
| 20{{Fact}}
|-
|{{Flag|Tiongkok}}</img>{{Flag|Tiongkok}}
| 15{{Fact}}
|}

== Tingali ogé ==

* [[Rukun Islam]]
* [[Saur|Sahur]]
* [[Iftar]]
* [[Puasa]]

== Catetan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Tautan Éksternal ==

* {{Id}} [http://www.dakwatuna.com/sajian-khusus-ramadan/ Kajian-kajian Khusus Seputar Ramadan]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{En icon}} [http://fairy.mahdzan.com/story/204.asp Fairy Mahdzan, the Spirit of Ramadan at the Pasar Malam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060906012113/http://fairy.mahdzan.com/story/204.asp |date=2006-09-06 }}
* {{Id}} [http://ahlussunnah.web.id/audio/index.php?cat=Haji-Puasa-Zakat AUDIO ISLAM ONLINE, Kajian & Tanya-Jawab seputar Bulan Ramadan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012005242/http://ahlussunnah.web.id/audio/index.php?cat=Haji-Puasa-Zakat |date=2007-10-12 }}