Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Sapporo

{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Sapporo
| official_name                   = City of Sapporo<ref>{{cite web |publisher=City of Sapporo |url=http://www.city.sapporo.jp/city/english/ |title=City of Sapporo}}</ref>
| native_name                     = {{nobold|札幌市}}
| native_name_lang                = ja
| settlement_type                 = [[Kota pinilih di Jepang|Kota pinilih]]
| image_skyline                   = Sapporo montage.jpg
| image_caption                   = Ti kénca luhur: Pamandangan Sapporo nalika peuting ditempo ti Gunung Moiwa, Sapporo Clock Tower, Sapporo Beer Museum, [[Stasion Sapporo]], [[Universitas Hokkaido]], [[Sapporo Dome]], jeung [[Munara TV Sapporo]] ditempo ti [[Taman Odori]]
| image_flag                      = Flag of Sapporo, Hokkaido.svg
| image_seal                      = Emblem of Sapporo, Hokkaido.svg
| seal_type                       = Emblem
| image_map                       = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=8}}
| map_caption                     = 
| image_map1                      = Location of Sapporo city Hokkaido Japan.svg
| map_caption1                    = Lokasi Sapporo di [[Hokkaido]] ([[Subpréféktur Ishikari]])
| pushpin_map                     = #Japan#Asia#Earth
| pushpin_map_caption             = Lokasi di Jepang
| coordinates                     = {{coord|43|4|N|141|21|E|region:JP-01|display=it}}
| subdivision_type                = [[Daftar negara berdaulat|Negara]]
| subdivision_name                = [[Jepang]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[Wilayah (Jepang)|Wilayah]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Hokkaido]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Préféktur di Jepang|Préféktur]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Hokkaido]] ([[Subpréféktur Ishikari]])
| subdivision_type3               = [[Distrik (Jepang)|Distrik]]
| subdivision_name3               = 
| leader_title                    = Walikota
| leader_name                     = Katsuhiro Akimoto
| unit_pref                       = Metric
| area_total_km2                  = 1.121,26
| population_total                = 1.973.832
| population_as_of                = 1 Maret 1 2021
| population_density_km2          = 1.760,37
| timezone1                       = [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
| utc_offset1                     = +09:00
| postal_code_type                = 
| postal_code                     = 
| blank_name_sec1                 = Alamat balai kota
| blank_info_sec1                 = 2-1-1 Kita-ichijō-nishi, Chūō-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido<br />060-8611
| blank1_name_sec1                = Telepon
| blank1_info_sec1                = 011-211-2111
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2         = Lambang
| blank_info_sec2         = <br>
| blank1_name_sec2        = • Tangkal
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[Syringa vulgaris|Lilac]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = • Kembang
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[Convallaria majalis|Lily of the valley]]
| blank3_name_sec2        = • Manuk
| blank3_info_sec2        = [[Kangkok erasia|Kangkok eurasia]]
| website                 = {{URL|http://www.city.sapporo.jp/city/english}}
}}
[[File:Hokkaido University.jpg|jmpl|ka|Pamandangan Kota Sapporo jeung Universitas Hokkaido]]

{{Nihongo|'''Sapporo'''|札幌市|Sapporo-shi}} {{Audio|ja-Sapporo.ogg|déngékeun}} nyaéta puseur dayeuh [[Préféktur Hokkaido]], [[Jepang]]. Ieu kota perenahna di [[Subpréféktur Ishikari]], [[Hokkaido]], sarta mangrupa kota kaopat panggedéna dumasar jumlah penduduk di Jepang, saeunggeus [[Yokohama]], [[Osaka]], jeung [[Nagoya]].

Sapporo kawentar di luar Jepang saprak jadi tuan rumah [[Olimpiade Usum Tiis 1972]], olimpiade usum tiris munggaran di Asia. salian ti éta, [[Féstival Salju Sapporo]] dianjangan ku leuwih ti dua juta wisatawan ti sakuliah dunya unggal taunna.

Kota ieu kasohor ku [[ramén]] Sapporo rasa [[miso]] jeung mérek bir [[Sapporo Brewery|Sapporo]]. Distrik hiburan [[Susukino]] anu aya di tengah kota ogé jadi salah sahiji distrik anu kasohor di Jepang. Pikeun penerbangan, kota ieu dilayanan ku [[Bandar Udara Shin-Chitose|Bandara Internasional Shin-Chitose]] anu jauhna 50 km di kidul-wétaneun kota.

== Sajarah ==
=== Pasca-Réstorasi Meiji ===
Dataran Ishikari anu ayeuna jadi Kota Sapporo mimitina mangrupa padumukan pituin [[urang Ainu|Ainu]]. Di ahir [[jaman Edo]] (taun 1866), hiji kanal diwangun ngaliwatan ieu tempat sarta babaraha urang ngadegkeun Désa Sapporo.<ref name=city>[http://hometown.infocreate.co.jp/hokkaido/sapporo/rekisi.html Hometown Homepage - Look back a bit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619005223/http://hometown.infocreate.co.jp/hokkaido/sapporo/rekisi.html |date=2012-06-19 }}</ref> Ngaran "Sapporo" asalna tina [[basa Ainu]], ''sat poro pet'' ({{lang|ain|サッ・ポロ・ペッ}}) anu hartina "walungan gedé, garing" ngarujuk kana walungan Ishikari anu aya kaléreun kota.<ref>[http://www.city.sapporo.jp/minami/yawa/mokuji/1furusatono/furusatono.html Sapporo.jp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702021750/http://www.city.sapporo.jp/minami/yawa/mokuji/1furusatono/furusatono.html |date=2015-07-02 }}</ref>

Taun 1868 sacara resmi Kota Sapporo diadegkeun. Pamaréntah Meiji mandang yén kota palabuan [[Hakodate]] anu dijadikeun puseur administrasi Hokkaido henteu strategis pikeun pertahanan jeung kamekaran Hokkaido. Ku kituna, pamaréntah mutuskeun pikeun ngadegkeun puseur dayeuh anyar. Dataran Ishikari cocog pikeun tempat puseur dayeuh anyar ku sabab tanahna datar, lega, sarta garing, teu siga tempat séjén di Hokkaido anu loba gunung.

Di taun 1870-1871, [[Kuroda Kiyotaka]], wakil ketua Komisi Pangwangunan Hokkaido (''Kaitaku-shi'') ngadeukeutan Pamaréntah Amérika Sarikat sangkan mantuan ngamekarkeun Hokkaido. [[Horace Capron]], mentri pertanian ti kabinét Présidén [[Ulysses S. Grant]] diutus Pamaréntah Amérika Sarikat salaku ''[[oyatoi gaikokujin]]'', sarta ditunjuk jadi penasihat istiméwa Komisi Pangwangunan Hokkaido. Pangwangunan Kota Sapporo dimimitian ti kawasan sabudeureun [[Taman Odori]] anu kiwari tetep jadi jalur héjo anu ngabagi kawasan pusat kota Sapporo. Sapporo diwangun numutkeun [[grid plan]] gaya Amérika Sarikat, kalawan jalan-jalan anu papotong ngawangun blok-blok kota. Komisi Pangwangunan Hokkaido dibubarkeun di taun 1882 saeunggeus Kota Sapporo beuki maju.

[[Penasihat asing di jaman Méiji|Penasihat asing]] [[Edwin Dun]] datang ka Sapporo pikeun ngadegkeun peternakan sapi jeung domba di taun 1876. Ia juga mendemonstrasikan cara ngurus babi, nyieun mentéga, kéju, ham, dan sosis. Manéhna nikah jeung wanoja Jepang. Dun balik ka Amérika Sarikat taun 1883, tapi ka Jepang jadi sekretaris pamaréntah.

[[William S. Clark]] dibéré tugas salila dalapan bulan ti taun 1876 nepi ka 1877 di Hokkaido pikeun ngadegkeun [[Sakola Tinggi Pertanian Sapporo]] (ayeuna jadi [[Universitas Hokkaido]]). Saméméhna Clark jadi rektor Massachusetts Agricultural College (ayeuna jadi [[University of Massachusetts Amherst]]). Manéhna ngajarkeun kuliah sains jeung Alkitab anu jadi dasar étika, sakaligus ngawanohkeun prinsip-prinsip Kristen ka mahasiswa angkatan munggaran.

Di taun 1880, sakabéh wewengkon Sapporo dijadikeun hiji distrik kota anu ngaranna "Sapporo-ku" (Distrik Kota Sapporo),<ref name=2nd>{{Nihongo|New Sapporo History 2nd edition|新札幌市史　第2巻|Shin Sapporo Shishi}}</ref> sarta jalur karéta api diwangun antara Sapporo jeung Témiya, [[Otaru]]. Di tahun nu sarua, Hotél [[Hōheikan]] diadegkeun di gigireun Taman Odori pikeun penginapan jeung resépsi pajabat sarta tamu penting. Di taun 1958, ieu hotél dipindahkeun ka [[Taman Nakajima]]. Di taun 1882 saenggeus Komisi Pangwangunan Hokkaido dihapus, Pulau Hokkaido dibagi jadi tilu préféktur: Hakodaté, Sapporo, jeung Némuro. Distrik kota di Sapporo ngaranna angger Sapporo-ku, samentara wewengkon lianna diganti jadi Sapporo-[[Distrik di Jepang|gun]]. Gedong kantor Sapporo-ku aya di distrik kota.<ref name=2nd/>

Préféktur Sapporo, Préféktur Hakodate, dan Préféktur Nemuro dihapus taun 1886. [[Urut Gedong Kantor Pamaréntah Hokkaido|Gedong Kantor Pamaréntah Hokkaido]] diwangun di taun [[1888]] kalawan arsitéktur gaya neobarok Amérika. Regu panungtung Tondén-héi, prajurit munggaran di Hokkaido, netep di lokasi anu kiwari disebut Tondén di [[Kita-ku, Sapporo]].

Distrik Sapporo-gun anu aya di sakuriling Sapporo-ku sacara administrasi diurus ku Sapporo-ku nepi ka sistem distrik anu anyar lumaku di taun 1899. Dumasar sistem nu anyar, distrik (''ku'') boga otonomi anu leuwih gedé tibatan kota madya, tapi leuwih leutik ti kota. Harita di Hokkaido aya ogé Hakodate-ku jeung Otaru-ku.

=== Sajarah modern (abad ka-20) ===
[[File:Hokkaido Prefectural Office02s5s4272.jpg|ka|jmpl|Urut Gedong Kantor Pamaréntah Hokkaido]]
[[Sekolah Tinggi Pertanian Sapporo]] diasupkeun kana sistem [[Universitas Imperial Tohoku]] saenggeus diadegkeun di taun 1907 di [[Séndai]], [[Préféktur Miyagi]]. Désa anu padeukeut saperti Désa Sapporo, Désa Naebo, Désa Kami Shiroishi, sarta distrik tempat nganjrekna Tondén-héi diasupkeun ka Sapporo-ku ddi taun 1910.

[[Trém Sapporo]] diresmikeun di taun 1918 sarta Universitas Impérial Hokkaido diadegkeun di Sapporo-ku sarta jadi [[Tujuh Universitas Nasional|Universitas Imperial]] kalima di Jepang. Jalur Karéta Api Jōzankéi dioperasikeun di Sapporo nepi ka dihupusna di taun 1969.

Di taun 1922, pamaréntah pusat ngumumkeun sistem kota anu anyar. Sapporo-ku sacara resmi dialihkeun ka Kota Sapporo.<ref name=city/> Sistem Bus Munisipal Sapporo diresmikeun di taun 1930. Di taun 1937, Sapporo kapilih jadi tuan rumah [[Olimpiade Usum Tiis 1940]], tapi bedo ku sabab [[Perang Sino-Jepang II]]. Kota madya Maruyama dihijikeun jadi Chūō-ku di taun 1940, sarta [[Bandar Udara Okadama]] diwangun di taun 1942.

Nalika poé panungtung [[Perang Dunya II]], tanggal 14 Juli jeung 15 Juli 1945 30 pasawat pengebom [[B-29 Superfortress]] ngaragragkeun 889 ton E-46 500&nbsp;lbs bom tandan pembakar jeung 500&nbsp;lbs T4E4 bom tandan fragméntasi di luhur kota Sapporo pas keur beurang. Serangan udara Sekutu di Hokkaido nyababkeun badai seuneu anu matak tiwasna 190 warga sipil, 6.788 luka, 78.000 urang leungiteun panyicingan, sarta loba wangunan kaduruk nepi ka 17,5 persén kota hancur. Sapporo diwangun deui sabérésna perang.

[[Féstival Salju Sapporo]] mimiti diayakeun di taun 1950. Di taun nu sarua, Désa Shiroishi diasupkeun ka Kota Sapporo, dijadikeun bagian ti Shiroishi-ku jeung Atsubetsu-ku.<ref name=sapporo>{{Nihongo|New Sapporo History 5th edition|新札幌市史　第5巻|Shin Sapporo Shishi}}</ref> Di taun 1955, Kota Kotoni, sakabéh Désa Sapporo, sarta Désa Shinoro dilebur ka Kota Sapporo, anu kiwari jadi Chūō-ku, Kita-ku, Higashi-ku, Nishi-ku, jeung Téiné-ku.<ref name=sapporo/> Kamekaran Kota Sapporo dituluykeun ku digabungna Kota Toyohira di taun 1961, sarta Kota Téiné di taun 1967, anu masing-masing disebut Toyohira-ku, Kiyota-ku, jeung Téiné-ku.<ref name=sapporo/>

Upacara miéling 100 taun ngadegna Sapporo jeung Hokkaido diayakeun di taun 1968. Sapporo jadi kota kaopat di Jepang anu boga karéta bawah tanah sabada [[Karéta Bawah Tanah Munisipal Sapporo]] diresmikeun taun 1971. [[Olimpiade Usum Tiis 1972|Olimpiade Usum Tiis]] munggaran di Asia lumangsunng di Sapporo ti 3 Pébruari nepi ka 13 Pébruari 1972.<ref name=city/> Tanggal 1 April, Sapporo jadi [[Kota pinilih di Jepang|kota pinilih]], tuluy dibentuk 7 distrik kota.<ref name=sapporo/> Penampilan panungtung penyanyi opera [[Maria Callas]] di hareupeun balaréa dilaksanakeun di Hokkaido Koséinénkin Kaikan, Sapporo, 11 Nopémber 1974.<ref>Sutherland, Robert ''Maria Callas Diaries of a Friendship'' London Constable 1999 p265 ISBN 0-09-478790-5</ref> Jalur Tōzai di Karéta Bawah Tanah Sapporo dibuka di taun 1976, tuluy Jalur Tōho dibuka taun 1988. Di tahn 1989, Atsubetsu-ku jeung Téiné-ku dipisah ti Shiroishi-ku jeung Nishi-ku. [[Féstival Musik Pasifik]] mmiti diayakeun taun 1990, sarta Yosakoi Sōran Féstival mimiti taun 1992 jadi acara taunan di Sapporo. Klub sépak bola profésional [[Consadole Sapporo]] diadegkeun di taun 1996. Di taun 1997, Kiyota-ku dipisah ti Toyohira-ku, tuluy [[Hokkaido Takushoku Bank|Hokkaidō Takushoku Bank]] anu basisna di Hokkaido anu kantor pusatna di Odori bangkrut.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tokachi.co.jp/kachi/9811/11_14.htm |title=lawsuit against the bankruptcy of the Takushoku Bank |access-date=2013-01-19 |archive-date=2007-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222071247/http://www.tokachi.co.jp/kachi/9811/11_14.htm |dead-url=yes }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222071247/http://www.tokachi.co.jp/kachi/9811/11_14.htm |date=2007-12-22 }}</ref>

=== Abad ka-21 ===
Pangwangunan [[Sapporo Dome]] bérés di taun 2001, sarta geus tilu kali dijadikeun tempat pertandingan babak munggaran [[Piala Dunya FIFA 2002]]: Jerman vs Arab Saudi, Argéntina vs Inggris, sarta Italia vs Ékuador. [[Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters]] mangrupa tim [[Nippon Professional Baseball]] anu basisna di Sapporo. Di taun 2004, Nippon-Ham Fighters meunangkeun [[Japan Series 2006]].

== Géografi ==
[[File:Sapporo TV Tower 20070812.jpg|jmpl|ka|[[Munara TV Sapporo]] di kuloneun Walungan Sōséi.]]
Sapporo nyaéta hiji kota di kidul-kuloneun Dataran Ishikari jeung [[kipas aluvial]] [[Walungan Toyohira]] anu asalna ti [[Walungan Ishikari]].<ref name=location>[http://www.city.sapporo.jp/city/aramashi/ Sapporo City Official Homepage - the outline of Sapporo]</ref> Jalan-jalan di pakotaan diwangun numutkeun jaringan rencana jalan. Di beulah kulon jeung kidul aya babaraha gunung, nyaéta Gunung Téiné, Gunung Maruyama, jeung Gunung Moiwa, tuluy aya babaraha walungan nyaéta Walungan Ishikari, Walungan Toyohira, sarta Walungan Sōséi.

Sapporo kaasup kota taman, di antarana aya Taman Odori di pusat kota. Ieu taman sok pinuh ku lima rébu kekembangan anu unggal taunna megar.[https://www.infojepang.net/itinerary-liburan-di-sapporo/] Di Taman Odori sok diayakan acara taunan sarta loba féstival unggal taunna. Arsiték lanskap Jepang-Amerika [[Isamu Noguchi]] ngadésain [[Taman Moerenuma]], salasahiji taman panggedéna di Sapporo.

Kota-kota anu boga wates jeung Sapporo di antarana: [[Ishikari, Hokkaido|Ishikari]], [[Ébétsu, Hokkaido|Ébétsu]], [[Kitahiroshima, Hokkaido|Kitahiroshima]], [[Éniwa, Hokkaido|Éniwa]], [[Chitosé, Hokkaido|Chitosé]], [[Otaru, Hokkaido|Otaru]], [[Daté, Hokkaido|Daté]], sarta kota madya: [[Tōbétsu, Hokkaido|Tōbétsu]], [[Kimobétsu, Hokkaido|Kimobétsu]], [[Kyōgoku, Hokkaido|Kyōgoku]].

=== Iklim ===
Sapporo boga [[iklim lembap benua]] ([[Klasifikasi iklim Köppen|Koppen]] ''Dfa/Dfb''), kalawan beda suhu anu lumayan jauh antara usum panas jeung usum tiis. Usum panas biasana haneut tapi teu lembap, tuluy usum tiis jadi tiris pisan tur saljuan. Dengan curah salju rata-rata 630&nbsp;cm (248&nbsp;inci),<ref>{{ja}} [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=14&prec_ch=%90%CE%8E%EB%8Ex%92%A1&block_no=47412&block_ch=%8ED%96y&year=&month=&day=&elm=normal&view= 気象庁 | 平年値（年・月ごとの値）<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Sapporo nyaéta salah sahiji ti babaraha métropolis di dunya anu boga curah salju anu lumayan gedé,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.city.sapporo.jp/kokusai/handbook/file/en-01.pdf |title=Sapporto.jp |access-date=2013-01-19 |archive-date=2007-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205170236/http://www.city.sapporo.jp/kokusai/handbook/file/en-01.pdf |dead-url=yes }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205170236/http://www.city.sapporo.jp/kokusai/handbook/file/en-01.pdf |date=2007-02-05 }}</ref> jadi bisa ngayakeun féstival salju unggal tahunna. Présipitasi rata-rata taunan kira-kira 1,100&nbsp;mm (43&nbsp;inci), sarta suhu rata-rata taunan {{convert|8,5|°C|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=location/>

{{Weather box
|location = Sapporo, Jepang (1981-2010)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 11.2
|Feb record high C = 10.8
|Mar record high C = 16.8
|Apr record high C = 28.0
|May record high C = 31.1
|Jun record high C = 31.9
|Jul record high C = 36.0
|Aug record high C = 36.2
|Sep record high C = 32.7
|Oct record high C = 26.4
|Nov record high C = 22.4
|Dec record high C = 14.8
|year record high C = 36.2
|Jan high C = −0.6
|Feb high C = 0.1
|Mar high C = 4.0
|Apr high C = 11.5
|May high C = 17.3
|Jun high C = 21.5
|Jul high C = 24.9
|Aug high C = 26.4
|Sep high C = 22.4
|Oct high C = 16.2
|Nov high C = 8.5
|Dec high C = 2.1
|year high C = 12.9
|Jan mean C = −3.6
|Feb mean C = −3.1
|Mar mean C = 0.6
|Apr mean C = 7.1
|May mean C = 12.4
|Jun mean C = 16.7
|Jul mean C = 20.5
|Aug mean C = 22.3
|Sep mean C = 18.1
|Oct mean C = 11.8
|Nov mean C = 4.9
|Dec mean C = −0.9
|year mean C = 8.9
|Jan low C = −7.0
|Feb low C = −6.6
|Mar low C = −2.9
|Apr low C = 3.2
|May low C = 8.3
|Jun low C = 12.9
|Jul low C = 17.3
|Aug low C = 19.1
|Sep low C = 14.2
|Oct low C = 7.5
|Nov low C = 1.3
|Dec low C = −4.1
|year low C = 5.3
|Jan record low C = −27.0
|Feb record low C = −28.5
|Mar record low C = −22.6
|Apr record low C = −14.6
|May record low C = −4.2
|Jun record low C = 0.0
|Jul record low C = 5.2
|Aug record low C = 5.3
|Sep record low C = −0.9
|Oct record low C = −5.8
|Nov record low C = −15.5
|Dec record low C = −23.9
|year record low C = −28.5
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 113.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 94.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 77.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 56.8
|May precipitation mm = 53.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 46.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 81.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 123.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 135.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 108.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 104.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 111.7
|year precipitation mm = 1106.5
|Jan snow cm = 173
|Feb snow cm = 147
|Mar snow cm = 98
|Apr snow cm = 11
|May snow cm = 0
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 0
|Oct snow cm = 2
|Nov snow cm = 32
|Dec snow cm = 132
|year snow cm = 597
|Jan humidity = 70
|Feb humidity = 69
|Mar humidity = 66
|Apr humidity = 62
|May humidity = 66
|Jun humidity = 72
|Jul humidity = 76
|Aug humidity = 75
|Sep humidity = 71
|Oct humidity = 67
|Nov humidity = 67
|Dec humidity = 69
|year humidity = 69
|Jan snow days = 28.8
|Feb snow days = 25.4
|Mar snow days = 23.5
|Apr snow days = 6.4
|May snow days = 0.1
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 1.2
|Nov snow days = 13.9
|Dec snow days = 26.5
|Jan sun = 92.5
|Feb sun = 104.0
|Mar sun = 146.6
|Apr sun = 176.5
|May sun = 198.4
|Jun sun = 187.8
|Jul sun = 164.9
|Aug sun = 171.0
|Sep sun = 160.5
|Oct sun = 152.3
|Nov sun = 100.0
|Dec sun = 85.9
|year sun = 1740.4
|source 1 = <ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=14&prec_ch=%90%CE%8E%EB%8Ex%92%A1&block_no=47412&block_ch=%8ED%96y&year=&month=&day=&elm=normal&view= | title = 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値） | publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]}}</ref>
|date=December 2011
}}

== Distrik ==
Wilayah Kota Sapporo miboga 10 [[Distrik kota (Jepang)|distrik kota]] (''ku'').
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
|-
!
! style="width: 190px;" |Nama
![[Kanji]]
!Jumlah Warga
!''Lega wewengkon dina km<sup>2</sup>''
!Gegekna anu dumuk ''per km<sup>2</sup>''
!Peta Sapporo
|-
| style="text-align: center;" "width: 20px;" | 1
|[[Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo|Atsubetsu-ku]]
|{{Nihongo2|厚別区}}
|127.299 
|24,38 
|5.221 
| rowspan="24" |[[File:Wards of Sapporo.png|center|border|400px|A map of Sapporo's Wards]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2
| [[Chūō-ku, Sapporo|Chūō-ku]]
| {{Nihongo2|中央区}}
|237.761
|46,42
|5.122
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 3
| [[Higashi-ku, Sapporo|Higashi-ku]]
| {{Nihongo2|東区}}
|261.901 
|56,97
|4.597
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 4
| [[Kita-ku, Sapporo|Kita-ku]]
| {{Nihongo2|北区}}
|286.026
|63,57
|4.499
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 5
| [[Kiyota-ku, Sapporo|Kiyota-ku]]
| {{Nihongo2|清田区}}
|113.556
|59,87
|1.897
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 6
| [[Minami-ku, Sapporo|Minami-ku]]
| {{Nihongo2|南区}}
|136.774
|657,48
|208
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 7
| [[Nishi-ku, Sapporo|Nishi-ku]]
| {{Nihongo2|西区}}
|216.835
|75,10
|2.887
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 8
| [[Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo|Shiroishi-ku]]
| {{Nihongo2|白石区}}
|213.310
|34,47
|6.188
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 9
| [[Téiné-ku, Sapporo|Téiné-ku]]
| {{Nihongo2|手稲区}}
|141.886
|56,77
|2.499
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 10
| [[Toyohira-ku, Sapporo|Toyohira-ku]]
| {{Nihongo2|豊平区}}
|223.408
|46,23 
|4.833
|-
|}

== Universitas ==
Nasional
* [[Universitas Hokkaido]]
* Hokkaido University of Education
Publik
* Sapporo Medical University
* Sapporo City University

== Wangunan ==
* [[Munara TV Sapporo]]

== Kota kembar<ref>[https://plaza-sapporo.or.jp/citizen_j/en/international_exchange/ Sister Cities / Sister Cities Association of Sapporo City], ''Sapporo International Communication Plaza Foundation''. Akses: 4 Juli 2022.</ref> ==
* [[Portland, Oregon]], [[Amérika Sarikat]], ti mimiti Nopémber [[1959]]
* [[Munchen]], [[Jerman]], ti mimiti Agustus [[1972]]
* [[Novosibirsk]], [[Rusia]], ti mimiti Juni [[1990]]
* [[Shenyang]], [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok]], ti mimiti November [[1980]]
* [[Daéjeon]], [[Républik Koréa]], ti mimiti Oktober [[2010]]

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

== Tutumbu luar ==
{{commons category|Sapporo}}
{{wikivoyage|Sapporo}}
* {{ja}} [http://www.city.sapporo.jp/city/ Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915231600/http://www.city.sapporo.jp/city/ |date=2019-09-15 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.snowfes.com/english/index.html Festival Salju Sapporo]

{{Hokkaido}}
{{Jepang}}

[[Kategori:Kota di Préféktur Hokkaido]]