Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Asam amino protéinogenik

{{short description|Asam amino anu diruntuykeun sacara biosintétik jadi protéin nalika translasi}}
[[File:Nonproteinogenic AAs.svg|thumbnail|400 px|Asam amino protéinogenik téh saeutik ti sakabéh asam amino]]
'''Asam amino protéinogenik''' nyaéta [[asam amino]] anu diruntuykeun sacara biosintétik jadi [[protéin]] nalika [[translasi (biologi)|translasi]]. Kecap "protéinogenik" hartina "nyieun protéin". Di sakur [[mahluk hirup]] anu geus kanyahoan, aya 22 asam amino anu dikode sacara genetik (protéinogenik), 20 dina [[kode genetik]] baku ditambah 2 ([[selenosistéin]] jeung [[pirolisin]]) anu bisa diruntuykeun ku cara mékanisme translasi husus.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ambrogelly A, Palioura S, Söll D | title = Natural expansion of the genetic code | journal = Nature Chemical Biology | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 29–35 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17173027 | doi = 10.1038/nchembio847 }}</ref> Sabalikna ti éta, [[asam amino non-protéinogenik]] mah asam amino anu teu ngaruntuy kana protéin atawa (kawas [[asam aminobutirat Gamma|GABA]], [[L-DOPA|<small>L</small>-DOPA]], atawa [[triiodotironin]]), salah karuntuykeun ngaganti asam amino protéinogenik, atawa henteu dijieun langsung sarta diisolasi ku mesin sélulér baku (kawas [[hidroksiprolin]]). Anu pandeuri biasana balukar tina [[modipikasi pos-translasi]] kana protéin. Sababaraha asam amino non-protéinogenik diruntuykeun kana [[péptida non-ribosomal]] anu disintésis ku sintetase péptida non-ribosomal.

Boh [[eukariot]] jeung [[prokariot]] bisa nyelapkeun [[selenosistéin]] kana protéinna ngaliwatan runtuyan [[nukléotida]] anu katelah [[unsur SECIS]], anu ngatur sél pikeun narjamahkeun hiji [[kodon]] UGA nu deukeut jadi [[selenosistéin]] (kuduna UGA téh [[kodon stop]]). Dina sababaraha prokariot [[métanogenik]], kodon UAG ogé bisa ditarjamahkeun jadi [[pirolisin]].<ref name="LobanovTuranov2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lobanov AV, Turanov AA, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN | title = Dual functions of codons in the genetic code | journal = Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology | volume = 45 | issue = 4 | pages = 257–65 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 20446809 | pmc = 3311535 | doi = 10.3109/10409231003786094 }}</ref>

Dina eukariot, aya ukur 21 asam amino protéinogenik, 20 kode genetik baku, ditambah [[selenosistéin]]. Awak [[manusa]] bisa nyintésis 12na, anapon nu 9 anu katelah [[asam amino ésénsial]] kudu ngala tina dahareun (salaku turunan protéinna). Anu salapan nyaéta [[histidin]], [[isoleusin]], [[leusin]], [[lisin]], [[métionin]], [[fénilalanin]], [[tréonin]], [[triptopan]], jeung [[valin]] (i.e. H, I, L, K, M, F, T, W, V).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Young VR | title = Adult amino acid requirements: the case for a major revision in current recommendations | journal = The Journal of Nutrition | volume = 124 | issue = 8 Suppl | pages = 1517S–1523S | date = August 1994 | pmid = 8064412 | doi = 10.1093/jn/124.suppl_8.1517S | url = http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/reprint/124/8_Suppl/1517S.pdf }}</ref>

Asam amino protéinogenik kapanggih tumali jeung sét asam amino anu dipiwanoh ku sistem autoaminoasilasi [[ribozim]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Erives A | title = A model of proto-anti-codon RNA enzymes requiring L-amino acid homochirality | journal = Journal of Molecular Evolution | volume = 73 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 10–22 | date = August 2011 | pmid = 21779963 | pmc = 3223571 | doi = 10.1007/s00239-011-9453-4 | bibcode = 2011JMolE..73...10E }}</ref> Ku kituna, asam amino non-protéinogenik sigana geus disingkahkeun dina prosé évolusi. Watek séjén anu kapanggih anu sigana jadi sabab nyaéta matak teu stabil, contona [[ornitin]] jeung [[homoserin]] anu matak ngagulung jeung paregatna ranté péptida nu balukarna mondokan umur protéin. Anapon nu séjénna toksik alatan bisa napelna kana protéin kurang spésipik, contona baé [[kanavanin]] anu mangrupa analog arginin.

== Baca ogé ==
* [[Asam amino glukogenik]]
* [[Asam amino ketogenik]]

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}

==Rujukan umum==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Nelson |first=David L. |author2=Cox, Michael M. |title=Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry |edition=3rd |year=2000 |publisher=Worth Publishers |isbn=978-1-57259-153-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/lehningerprincip01lehn }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kyte J, Doolittle RF | title = A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 157 | issue = 1 | pages = 105–32 | date = May 1982 | pmid = 7108955 | doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90515-0 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.458.454 }}
* {{cite book |last=Meierhenrich |first=Uwe J. |title=Amino acids and the asymmetry of life |edition=1st |year=2008 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-76885-2 }}
* {{cite book |last=Biochemistry |first=Harpers |title=Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry |edition=30st |year=2015 |publisher=Lange |isbn=978-0-07-182534-4 }}
{{refend}}

== Tutumbu kaluar ==
{{commons category|Proteinogenic amino acids}}
* [http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/aa/Dayhoff.html The origin of the single-letter code for the amino acids]

{{Asam amino protéinogenik}}
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[[Category:Asam amino protéinogenik| ]]
[[Category:Daur nitrogén]]
[[Category:Nutrisi]]