Atikan
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Artikel ieu keur dikeureuyeuh, ditarjamahkeun tina basa Inggris. Bantuanna didagoan pikeun narjamahkeun. |
Atikan nyaéta pangajaran pangaweruh, kaparigelan, jeung kabiasaan sakelompok jalma anu diwariskeun ti hiji generasi ka generasi saterusna ngaliwatan pangajaran, latihan atawa panalungtikan. Atikan mindeng lumangsung dina hidayah batur, tapi ogé mungkin dina dasar otodidak.[1] Étimologi kecap atikan sorangan asalna tina kecap Latin ducare, hartina "pikeun pituduh, langsung, atawa ngarah" jeung awalan e, hartina "pikeun kaluar". Jadi, atikan hartina kagiatan "ngarah kaluar". Sakur pangalaman anu gaduh pangaruh formatif dina cara jalma mikir, ngarasa, atanapi ngalaksanakeun tiasa dianggap pendidikan.[2]
Hak atikan geus diakuan ku sababaraha pamaréntah. Di tingkat global, Pasal 13 tina Perjangjian Internasional ngeunaan hak ékonomi, sosial jeung budaya ngakuan hak unggal jalma pikeun atikan.[3] Sanajan atikan wajib di kalolobaan tempat nepi ka umur nu tangtu, attending sakola mindeng teu latihan, sarta minoritas kolotna milih sakola ti imah, e-learning atawa atikan sarupa pikeun barudak maranéhanana.[4]
Sawangan[édit | édit sumber]
Atikan dimimitan mangsa keur orok lahir sarta sapanjang hirup. Atikan ogé bisa dimimitian saméméh jabang bayi lahir saperti sababaraha "kolot" nu ngadengekeun lagu atawa maca buku mangsa kakandungan nu diharepkeun bakal méré atikan ka orokna. Kanggo sababaraha, perjuangan sareng kameunangan kahirupan sapopoe jauh langkung instruktif tibatan sakola formal Mark Twain: "Kuring henteu pernah ngantep sakola ngaganggu pendidikan kuring.") Anggota kulawarga ngagaduhan pangaruh pendidikan anu cukup jero - sering langkung jero tibatan anu dibayangkeun. — sanajan téknik pangajaran kulawarga bisa jadi kacida informal.
Formal education occurs when society makes a commitment to educate péople, usually the young. Formal education can be systematic and thorough, but the sponsoring group may seek selfish advantages when shaping impressionable young scholars.
Life-long or dewasa education]] has become widespréad. Many dewasa have given up the notion that only anak kecil ren belong in sekolah. beberapa orang dewasa are enrolled in post-secondary education schools, both part-time and full time, where they are often classified as non-traditional students in order to distinguish them administratively from young adults entering directly from high school.
Computing devices can change when and where we léarn. This is the computer based or networked léarning structure, in which péople contribute to éach others' education. It is defined as online education (a subset of distance education), the European Graduate School as a University operates during the summer, it serves as a meeting point for péople that has participated in online forums through the academic yéar, this methodology is a bréak to the traditional educational system.
Categories[édit | édit sumber]
- Classical education – Reading – Math – Language – Science – Ethics – Physical education – Religious education – Music education
Challenges in education[édit | édit sumber]
In well-developed countries[édit | édit sumber]
- Entertaining world distract student's attention
- Program Evaluation Answering questions such as does education "work", or how to improve education.
In developing countries[édit | édit sumber]
- Small incomes of téachers
- Péople unaware the importance of education
- Economical pressure of parents who want their children to work as laborers
- Program Evaluation
Formal education[édit | édit sumber]
- Early childhood education – Primary education – Secondary education – Tertiary education – Quaternary education– Higher education – Vocational education – Post-secondary education – University – College – School – Further education
Student activism[édit | édit sumber]
Educational policy[édit | édit sumber]
- Literacy – Testing & policy– Education reform – School choice – Charter schools – Meaningful student involvement – Student voice – Student Developed Education Policy – Social promotion
Informal and alternative education[édit | édit sumber]
- Early instruction – Home schooling – Unschooling – Lifelong education – Democratic Schools – Alternative school – Montessori method – Waldorf school – Online education – Distance education – Museum – Planetarium – Nature center – deschooling– political education
Extracurricular education[édit | édit sumber]
Teori jeung metodologi[édit | édit sumber]
- Philosophy of education – Teaching method – Instructional theory – Learning theory – Learning disability – Instructional technology – Education Psychology – Behaviorism – Problem-based learning – Active learning – Outcome-based education – Reggio Emilia approach – Cooperative education – collaborative learning – Transformative learning – experiential education – Situated learning – Adult education – Critical pedagogy
Atikan dumasar nagara[édit | édit sumber]
Atikan jeung kolot[édit | édit sumber]
Biograpi[édit | édit sumber]
- F. Matthias Alexander
- Catherine Baker
- Benjamin Bloom
- Garth Boomer
- Jim Cummins
- John Dewey
- Hermann Ebbinghaus
- Moshe Feldenkrais
- Paulo Freire
- Robert M. Gagne
- Ivan Illich
- Maria Montessori
- A.S. Neill
- Seymour Papert
- Ivan Pavlov
- Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
- Jean Piaget
- Plato
- Neil Postman
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- B.F. Skinner
- Lev Vygotsky
Rujukan[édit | édit sumber]
- ↑ Dewey, John (1916/1944). Democracy and Education. The Free Press. pp. 1–4. ISBN 0-684-83631-9.
- ↑ Nasution, Hanifah Nur; Nasution, Sari Wahyuni Rozi; Fauzi, Rahmad; Lubis, Ilham Sahdi (2021-12-20). "PELATIHAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI BORLAND DELPHI7 SMK NEGERI 1 ANGKOLA TIMUR" (dalam bahasa en). Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Aufa (JPMA) 3 (3): 144–147. ISSN 2715-0178. https://jurnal.unar.ac.id/index.php/jamunar/article/view/580. Archived 2023-01-30 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ ICESCR, Article 13.1
- ↑ Sanova, Reja; Marniati dkk (2019). "SOSIALISASI PERSIAPAN PENDIDIKAN DI PANTI ASUHAN YATIM PIATU DI ERA NEW NORMAL". Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (Kesehatan) 1 (2). http://www.jurnal.uui.ac.id/index.php/jpkmk/article/viewFile/860/433.