Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Garuda Indonesia

{{Kotak info Pesawat |
airline=PT Garuda Indonesia|
logo=|
logo_size=150px|
IATA=GA|
ICAO=GIA|
callsign=INDONESIA|
parent=Garuda Indonesia|
founded=26 Januari 1949 (sebagai Garuda Indonesian Airways)|
headquarters=[[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]|
key_people=Emirsyah Satar (President and [[CEO]])|
hubs=[[Bandara internasional Soekarno-Hatta]]<br />[[Bandara internasional Ngurah Rai]]<br />[[Bandara internasional Sultan Hasanuddin]]|
focus_cities=[[Surabaya]], [[Yogyakarta]], [[Palembang]], [[Padang, Indonesia|Padang]], [[Batam]], [[Manado]], dan [[Semarang]] |
frequent_flyer=Garuda Frequent Flyer|
lounge=Garuda Lounge|
alliance=|
fleet_size=57|
destinations=43|
website= [http://www.garuda-indonesia.com/ www.garuda-indonesia.com]|
}}
'''PT (Persero) Perusahaan Penerbangan Garuda Indonésia''', disingget '''Garuda Indonésia''', nyaéta salah sahiji [[airline|parusahaan penerbangan]] nasional [[Indonesia]]. Ieu ngaran asalna tina dongeng manuk [[Garuda]]. Dina tradisi [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]] India, Garuda nu mawa [[Hinduism|Hindu]] pangeran [[Vishnu]]. Parusahaan ieu markasna di  [[Jakarta]] at [[Soekarno-Hatta International Airport]], nu ngalayanan tujuan utama di  [[Ngurah Rai International Airport]], [[Bali]], [[Juanda International Airport]], [[Surabaya]], [[Polonia International Airport]], [[Medan]], jeung [[Sepinggan International Airport]], [[Balikpapan]].

kabéh sahamna dipibanda ku pamaréntah Indonésia tur mibanda  6,251 karyawan (dina [[2005]]). Meunang bentang-3 ti [[Skytrax]]. [http://www.airlinequality.com/Airlines/GA.htm]

== Sajarah ==
{{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}}
Garuda Indonésia had its beginnings in the [[Indonesian National Revolution|Indonesian war of independence]] against the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] in the late [[1940s]], when Garuda flew special transports with [[Douglas Aircraft Company|Douglas]] [[DC-3]] aircraft. [[January 26]], [[1949]], is generally recognized as the airline's founding date, at which time the airline was known as "Garuda Indonesian Airways." The first plane was a DC-3 known as ''Seulawah'' (Acehnese: "Gold Mountain") and was purchased for a sum of 120,000 [[Malayan dollar]]s, which was provided by the [[Acehnese]] péople (notably local merchants). {{Fact|date=February 2007}} During the revolution, the airline supported Indonésian interests, such as carrying Indonésian léaders for diplomatic missions. 
[[Gambar:Garuda Indonesia B747-4U3 (PK-GSG) at Narita International Airport (1).jpg|thumb|300px|Garuda Indonesia 747-400 di [[Narita International Airport]], Tokyo]]
The government of [[Burma]] helped the airline significantly during the airline's beginnings. {{Fact|date=February 2007}} Accordingly, upon Garuda's formal joint incorporation with [[KLM]] on [[March 31]], [[1950]], the airline presented the Burmese government with a [[DC-3]]. By [[1953]], the airline had 46 planes, although by [[1955]] its [[PBY Catalina|Catalina]] fleet had been retired. In [[1956]], Garuda made its first [[Hajj|pilgrim]] flight to the city of [[Mecca]].

The [[1960s]] were times of growth for the airline; the fleet in 1960 included eight [[Convair 240]]s, eight [[Convair 340]]s, and three [[Convair 440]]s. In [[1961]] and late [[1965]], three [[Convair 990]] jet planes and three [[Lockheed L-188 Electra]] were introduced, and a route was opened to [[Kai Tak International Airport]] in [[Hong Kong]]. After concentrating on domestic and regional services, the first flights to Europe were added on [[September 28]], [[1963]], to [[Amsterdam]] and [[Frankfurt]]. In 1965, flights to Europe were expanded to include [[Rome]] and [[Paris]] via [[Bombay]] and [[Cairo]], with the exclusive use of [[Convair 990]] aircraft. That yéar, flights to [[China]] started, with Garuda flying to [[Guangzhou|Canton]] via [[Phnom Penh]]. Also in [[1965]], the jet age arrived for Garuda, with a [[Douglas DC-8]] that flew to [[Schiphol Airport]] in Amsterdam.

The [[1970s]] saw [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]] and [[Fokker F28]] jets introduced, and at one point Garuda owned 36 Fokker jets, making Garuda the world's largest operator of F28s at that time. In the [[1980]]s, Garuda introduced [[Airbus]] equipment such as the [[Airbus A300]] and the [[Airbus A300|Airbus A300-600]], as well as [[Boeing 737]]s, [[Boeing 747]]s, and [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11]]s.

The [[East Asian Economic Crisis]] of 1998 hit Indonésia and Garuda hard, resulting in severe cutbacks on unprofitable routes. Despite once having a comprehensive worldwide route network, Garuda currently operates no flights to [[Europe]] or [[North America]]. Largely due to historical links with [[the Netherlands]], Garuda continued to operate flights to Amsterdam after the initial cutbacks, although these flights have since been discontinued. The situation was not helped by the [[September 11]] terrorist attacks, the [[Bali]] bombings, the [[2004 Boxing Day tsunami]], and the [[SARS]] scare, all of which contributed to a downturn in air travel and Indonésian tourism. However, the airline has recovered favorably from its economic problems and seems to be in good economic shape entering the middle [[2000s]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

In [[2001]], a [[Low-cost carrier|low-cost airline]] subsidiary, [[Citilink|CitiLink]], was established to provide shuttle services between Indonésian cities.

Garuda may expand its route map again before the end of the decade, {{Fact|date=February 2007}} possibly after the completion of [[Kuala Namu International Airport]] in Medan. This could include routes to major [[European]] hubs such as [[Paris]], [[London]], and [[Frankfurt]]. However, it is possible that to keep costs down and profitability up, Garuda may employ secondary airports such as [[London Gatwick]]. A Garuda representative for the [[Benelux]] confirmed in August 2006 that Garuda will resume its route to [[Amsterdam]] in May 2007. [http://www.luchtvaartnieuws.nl/news/?id=15326]

In 2005, Garuda Indonésia carried 8,679,443 passengers [http://www.garuda-indonesia.com/about/statistics.php], with a [[load factor]] of 68.73%.

== Tujuan ==
{{utama|Tujuan Garuda Indonesia}}
Garuda Indonésia is a full-service airline, in contrast with the 'no frills' low-cost carrier. The class configuration is divided into first (on Boeing 747-400s), business, and economy class.
<!--[[Image:Garuda_changi.JPG|thumb|300px|Garuda Indonesia Boeing 737-300 bound for Jakarta holding at [[Singapore Changi Airport]]]]-->
It currently operates flights to a total of 45 destinations (21 domestic, 24 international) throughout [[East Asia|East]] and [[South East Asia]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], and the [[Middle East]]. Garuda Indonesia also offers flights to 13 other international destinations through code-share agreements with [[China Airlines]], [[China Southern Airlines]], [[Malaysia Airlines]], [[Korean Air]], [[Gulf Air]], [[Qatar Airways]], [[Silkair]], [[Vietnam Airlines]], and [[Philippine Airlines]]. Taking these routes into account, Garuda Indonesia's route map extends to [[Western Europe]].

A 24-hour call center is available for local customer access. The e-tickets system (paperless or electronic ticket) has been introduced on all domestic flights and flights to Singapore originating in Jakarta. This system computerizes ticketing method, in which a traditional paper ticket is no longer required.

== Frequent flyer program ==
In 2005, Garuda Indonésia relaunched its frequent flyer program called Garuda Frequent Flyer (GFF) with a new look, new benefits, and new services. The new program allows members to éarn miles on domestic and international flights and has four tiers of membership covering Blue, Silver, Gold, and Platinum benefit levels. New services for GFF members include a new website at http://gff.garuda-indonesia.com, including an on-line miléage calculator for
éarning and redemption, on-line miléage balance, on-line personal profile management, and downloadable forms.

== Nomor penerbangan ==
The flight numbers of Garuda Indonésia are classified as follows:
* GA010-099: [[Citilink]]
* GA100-699: domestic flights (within the territory of [[Indonesia]])
* GA677: Taipei - Jakarta codeshare ([[China Airlines]]) 	 
* GA678: Jakarta - Taipei codeshare ([[China Airlines]]) 	 
* GA687: Taipei - Denpasar codeshare ([[China Airlines]]) 	 
* GA688: Denpasar - Taipei codeshare ([[China Airlines]]) 	 
* GA700-799: [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] (Flights to New Zéaland were suspended in 2006)
* GA800-899: [[Asia]] (except Indonésia and Middle éast)
* GA900-999: codeshares, Europe and [[Middle East]]

== Armada ==
The Garuda Indonésia fleet includes the following aircraft ([[March]] [[2007]])  <ref>[[Flight International]], 3-9 [[October]] [[2006]]</ref> :

* 6 [[Airbus A330|Airbus A330-300]] (plus 3 on order)
* 17 [[Boeing 737#737-300|Boeing 737-300]] 
* 17 [[Boeing 737#737-400|Boeing 737-400]] (+ one that just crashed, [[GA200]])
* 5 [[Boeing 737#737-500|Boeing 737-500]]
* 2 [[Boeing 737#737-800|Boeing 737-800]]
* 3 [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-400]]
* On order: 18 [[Boeing 737]]
* On order: 6 [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200ER]] 
* On order: 10 [[Boeing 787-9]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Boeing_787_orders#Orders_and_Options]

Previously operated:
* [[Airbus A300|Airbus A300 B4-220, -600]]
* [[Airbus A330|Airbus A330-200]]
* [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-100, -200 and -300]]
* [[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300ER]]
* [[Convair 990]]
* [[Douglas DC-3]]
* [[Douglas DC-8]]
* [[Fokker F28]]
* [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]]
* [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30]]
* [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11|McDonnell Douglas MD-11/ER]]

== Kacilakaan jeung kajadian ==
Saatos kacilakaan nu pertama di [[1950]], Garuda Indonésia tos ngalami 14 kacilakaan fatal sareng 1 pembajakan. 
* Garuda Indonésia Flight 206, a [[DC 9]] aircraft was hijacked on [[28 March]] [[1981]]. This was the first serious Indonésian airline hijacking, since the first case was a desperate Marine hijacker who was killed by the pilot himself. The hijackers, a group called Commando Jihad, hijacked the [[DC 9]] "Woyla", onroute from [[Palembang]] to [[Medan]], and ordered the pilot to fly the plane to [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]. But since the plane didn't have enough fuel, it refueled in [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]] and then to [[Don Muang]], [[Thailand]]. The hijackers demanded the reléase of Commando Jihad members imprisoned in [[Indonesia]], and US $ 1.5 million, as well as a plane to take those prisoners to an unspecified destination. The [[Kopassus]] commandos who took part in this mission trained for only three days with totally unfamiliar wéapons, brilliantly executed this fast-paced operation. One of the [[Kopassus]] commandos was shot by the hijacker léader, who then shot himself. All the other hijackers were killed. All the hostages were saved.
* Garuda Indonésia Flight 865, a [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10]] departing [[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]], [[Japan]], on [[June 13]], [[1996]], overran the runway after aborting the takéoff well above rotation speed. The number-3 engine fuel line was severed, resulting in a massive fire and the total destruction of the aircraft. Three of the 275 péople on board were killed. [http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=06131996&reg=PK-GIE&airline=Garuda+Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070907234645/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=06131996&reg=PK-GIE&airline=Garuda+Indonesia |date=2007-09-07 }}
* [[Garuda Indonesia Flight 152]], an [[Airbus A300]] aircraft flying direct from [[Jakarta]], crashed in Sibolangit, 18 miles short of [[Medan]] airport in low visibility on [[September 26]], [[1997]]. All 222 passengers and 12 crews were killed. [http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=09261997&reg=PK-GAI&airline=Garuda+Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120719010903/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=09261997&reg=PK-GAI&airline=Garuda+Indonesia |date=2012-07-19 }}
* Garuda Indonésia Flight 421 was a [[Boeing 737#737-300|Boeing 737-300]] traveling from [[Lombok]] to [[Yogyakarta]] on [[January 16]], [[2002]], which was forced to maké an emergency landing in poor wéather on the [[Bengawan Solo River]]. One person, a stewardess, was killed in the accident; 59 other passengers and crew survived. [http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=01162002&reg=PK-GWA&airline=Garuda+Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120718033312/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=01162002&reg=PK-GWA&airline=Garuda+Indonesia |date=2012-07-18 }}
* Garuda Indonésia Flight 238, a [[Boeing 737#737-500|Boeing 737-500]] régistered PK-GGD bound for [[Semarang]] on [[February 1]], [[2007]] collided with a [[Saudi Arabian Airlines]] [[Boeing 747#747-300|Boeing 747-300]], régistered TF-ATJ when doing [[pushback]] at [[Soekarno-Hatta International Airport]]. None of the 96 passengers were injured. [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0702/02/utama/3285302.htm]
* [[Garuda Indonesia Flight 200]], salah sahiji kapal [[Boeing 737#737-400|Boeing 737-400]] (registration PK-GZC) ngapung ti [[Jakarta]], kacilakaan tur kahuruan basa "mendarat" di  [[Adisucipto International Airport]], [[Yogyakarta]] jam 07.00 WIB [[March 7|7 Maret]], [[2007]].  Sakurangna 22 urang tiwas.

== Tempo ogé ==
* [[Daptar perusahaan penerbangan]]
* [[Transportasi di Indonésia]]
* [[Daptar bandara di Indonésia]]
* [[Flag carrier]]

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

== Tumbu kaluar ==
{{commonscat|Garuda Indonesia}}
{{portal|Indonesia}}
* [http://www.garuda-indonesia.com/ Garuda Indonesia]
* [http://www.garudaindonesia.co.uk/ Garuda Indonesia UK] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101000535/http://www.garudaindonesia.co.uk/ |date=2007-01-01 }}
* [http://www.garuda-jpn.com/ Garuda Indonesia Japan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323104519/http://www.garuda-jpn.com/ |date=2007-03-23 }}
* [http://www.airfleets.net/ageflotte/?file=calcop&opp=Garuda Garuda Indonesia Fleet Age]
* [http://www.airlinequality.com/Forum/garuda.htm Garuda Indonesia Passenger Opinions]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312133302/http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/index/0,22045,5012584,00.html Garuda Indonesia Flight 200 crashes 7 march 2007]

{{Anggota IATA}}

[[Kategori:Perusahaan penerbangan Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Perusahaan penerbangan nu ngadeg taun 1949]]
[[Kategori:Worldperks]]