Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Kakaisaran Romawi

{{otheruses}}
{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name = {{aut|Senatus PopulusQue Romanus ([[SPQR]])}}<br /><small>"Sénat jeung Rahayat Roma" </small>{{#tag:ref|Since classical and modern concepts of state do not coincide, other possibilities include ''Res publica Romana'', ''Imperium Romanum'' or ''Romanorum'' (also in Greek: {{Polytonic|Βασιλείᾱ τῶν Ῥωμαίων – ''Basileíā tôn Rhōmaíōn''}} – ["Dominion (Literally 'kingdom') of the Romans"]) and ''Romania''. ''Res publica'', as a term denoting the Roman "commonwealth" in general, can refer to both the Republican and the Imperial era, while ''Imperium Romanum'' (or, sometimes, ''Romanorum'') is used to refer to the territorial extent of Roman authority. ''Populus Romanus'', "the Roman people", is often used for the Roman state dealing with other nations. The term ''Romania'', initially a colloquial term for the empire's territory as well as the collectivity of its inhabitants, appears in Greek and Latin sources from the fourth century onward and was eventually carried over to the [[Byzantine Empire]]. (See Wolff, R.L. "Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople". In: ''Speculum'', 23 (1948), pp. 1–34 (pp. 2–3).)|group=nb}}
|conventional_long_name = Kakaisaran Romawi 
|common_name = Kakaisaran Romawi
|national_motto =
|era = Kuna klasik
|status = '''Kakaisaran'''
|continent = Afroeurasia
|region = Méditérania
|government_type = [[Otokrasi]]
|p1 = Républik Romawi
|flag_p1 = Spqrstone.jpg
|s1 = Kakaisaran Romawi Kulon
|flag_s1 = Labarum.svg
|s2 = Kakaisaran Bizantium
|flag_s2 = Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century, square.svg
|event_start = [[Augustus|Octavia]] nyatakeun [[Augustus (gelar)|Augustus]]
|year_start = 27 SM
|event_end = Turunna Kaisar Kulon [[Romulus Augustus]]/[[Labuhna Konstantinopel]] *
|year_end = 476/1453 M
|event_pre = [[Patempuran Actium]]
|date_pre = 2 Séptémber 31 SM
|event1 = [[Diocletian]] misahkeun adminstrasi kakaisaran antawsi Wétan jeung Kulon
|date_event1 = 285
|event2 = [[Konstiantin I|Konstantin nu Ageung]] ngadegkeun [[Konstantinopel]] salaku ibu kota kakaisaran nu anyar
|date_event2 = 330
|event3 = Pupusna [[Theodosius nu Ageung]], diteraskeun ku dibagina kakaisaran kana wétan jeung kulon
|date_event3 = 395
|event_post =
|date_post =
|image_coat = Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg
|symbol_type = [[Vexillum]] kalawan [[Aquila (Romawi)|aquila]] sarta inisial kanagaraan Romawi
|coa_size = 120px
|image_map = RomanEmpireTrajan117AD.png
|image_map_caption = Kakawasaan maksimum Kakaisaran Romawi dina 117 M.<ref>Bennett, J. ''Trajan: Optimus Princeps''. 1997. Fig. 1</ref>
|capital = <small>[[Roma]] nyaéta ibu kota pulitis nepi ka 286&nbsp;M<br />Aya sababaraha puseur pulitis nalika [[Katétraan]] samentawis Roma tetep jadi ibu kota nominal, budaya, jeung idéologis.<br />[[Konstantin I|Konstantin]] ngadegkeun sarta ngawangun ulang kota [[Konstantinopel]] salaku ibu kota kakaisaran nu anyar dina 330.<ref name="Constantine I 306 - 337 AD">[http://www.roman-emperors.org/conniei.htm Konstantin&nbsp;I (306–337 M)] ku Hans A. Pohlsander. De Imperatoribus Romanis. Written 2004-1-8. Retrieved 2007-3-20.</ref><br />[[Mediolanum]] (Milan) mangrupa batur gawéna nalika babagian Wétan/Kulon ningkat remenna. Pangadilan kakaisaran kulon teras dipindahkeun ka [[Ravenna]].
|common_languages = [[Latin]], [[Basa Yunani Kuna|Yunani]]
|[[Agama di Romawi kuna|religion]] = [[Agama di Romawi kuna|agama Romawi tradisional]], [[panyembahan kakaisaran (Romawi kuna)|Panyembahan kakaisaran]], [[Agama Yunani|Kapercayaan Yunani]]<small> (nepi ka 380)</small><br />Kristen<small><br />(ti 380)
|currency = (a) 27 SM – 212 M: 1 emas ''[[aureus]]'' (1/40 lb. emas, dirobah ka 1/50 lb. dina 212) = 25 pérak ''[[denarii]]'' = 100 perunggu ''[[sesterces]]'' = 400 tambaga ''[[As (koin Romawi)|asses]]''.<br /> (b) 294–312: 1 emas ''[[solidus (koin)|aureus solidus]]'' (1/60 lb. emas) = 10 pérak ''[[argenteus|argentei]]'' = 40 perunggu ''[[folles]]'' = 1.000 logam nu diturunkeun ''denarii''<br />(c) 312 ka hareup: 1 emas ''[[solidus (koin)|solidus]]'' (1/72 lb.) = 24 pérak ''[[siliqua]]e'' = 180 perunggu ''folles''
|leader1 = [[Augustus]]
|leader2 = [[Theodosius I]]
|leader3 = [[Romulus Augustus]] / [[Konstantin&nbsp;XI]]
|year_leader1 = 27 SM – 14 M
|year_leader2 = 378–395
|year_leader3 = 475–476 / 1449–1453
|title_leader = [[Kaisar Romawi|Kaisar]]
|title_representative = [[Konsul Romawi|Konsul]]
|representative1 =
|representative2 =
|year_representative1 =
|year_representative2 =
|legislature = [[Sénat Kakaisaran Romawi|Sénat Romawi]]
||stat_year1 = 25 SM<ref name=size>{{cite journal|journal=Social Science History |title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600&nbsp;B.C. to 600&nbsp;A.D. |first=Rein |last=Taagepera |volume=3 |issue=3/4 |year=1979 |page=125 |doi=10.2307/1170959|jstor=1170959|publisher=Duke University Press |authorlink=Rein Taagepera}}</ref><ref>John D. Durand, ''Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation'', 1977, pp. 253–296.</ref>
|stat_area1 = 2750000
|stat_year2 = 50<ref name=size/>
|stat_pop1 = 56800000
|stat_area2 = 4200000
|stat_year3 = 117<ref name=size/>
|stat_area3 = 6500000
|stat_pop3 = 88000000
|stat_year4 = 390 <ref name=size/>
|stat_area4 = 4400000
|footnotes = * Kajadia-kajadian ieu nandaan ahirna [[Kakaisaran Romawi Kulon]] (286–476)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/507739/Roman-Empire|title=Roman Empire – Britannica Online Encyclopedia|publisher=www.britannica.com|accessdate=2008-07-09}}</ref> jeung [[Kakisaran Bizantium|Kakaisaran Romawi Wétan]] (330–1453).
|today = Tingali artikel
}}
'''Kakaisaran Romawi''' ({{lang-la|Imperium Romanum}}) nyaéta jaman pasca-[[Républik Romawi|Républik]] ti [[Romawi Kuna|peradaban Romawi kuna]], dicirian ku wangun pamaréntahan [[otokrasi]] sarta kakawasaan wewengkon nu lega di Éropa jeung sadeukeuteun Méditérania.<ref>"Roman Empire", Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008</ref>

Dina ahir abad ka-3 Maséhi, [[Diocletian]] ngadegkeun sarta mraktékkeun babagian kakawasaan antawis 4 kaisar (kawanoh salaku [[katétraan]]) sangkan leuwih alus ngamankeun wewengkonna nu lega, ngahirkeun [[Krisis Abad KAtilu]]. Nalika dékade sanggeusna, Kakaisaran remen dibagi kana poros Wétan/Kulon. Sanggeus pupusna [[Theodosius&nbsp;I]] dina 395, kakaisaran dibagi pikeun nu pangahirna.<ref>Chester G. Starr, ''A History of the Ancient World, Second Edition.'' Oxford University Press, 1974. pp. 670–678.</ref>

[[Kakaisaran Romawi Kulon]] ngahir dina 476 basa [[Romulus Augustulus|Romulus Augustus]] dipaksa turn tahta pikeun raja perang [[urang Jérmanik|Jérmanik]], [[Odoacer]].<ref>Isaac Asimov. ''Asimov's Chronology of the World.'' Harper Collins, 1989. p. 110.</ref> Romawi Wétan atanapi [[Kakaisaran Bizantium]] ngahir dina 1453 nalika pupusna [[Konstantin XI Palaiologos|Konstantin&nbsp;XI]] sarta [[labuhna Konstantinopel]] ka [[Mehmed II]], pamingpin [[Turki Ottoman]].<ref>Asimov, p. 198.</ref>

== Kiwari ==
Wewengkon Kakaisaran Romawi ayeuna mangrupa bagian ti nagara:

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</div>

== Catean jeung rujukan ==
<references group="nb"/>
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite book|author=Frank Frost Abbott|year=1901|title=A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions|publisher=Elibron Classics|isbn=0-543-92749-0|authorlink=Frank Frost Abbott}}
* [[John Bagnell Bury]], ''A History of the Roman Empire from its Foundation to the death of Marcus Aurelius'', 1913, ISBN 978-1-4367-3416-5
* [[Winston Churchill]], ''A History of the English-Speaking Peoples'', Cassell, 1998, ISBN 0-304-34912-7
* [[J. A. Crook]], ''Law and Life of Rome, 90 BC–AD 212'', 1967, ISBN 0-8014-9273-4
* [[Donald R. Dudley]], ''The Civilization of Rome'', 2nd ed., 1985, ISBN 0-452-01016-0
* [[Arther Ferrill]], ''The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation'', [[Thames and Hudson]], 1988, ISBN 0-500-27495-9
* {{cite book
|last=Freeman
|first=Charles
|title=The Greek Achievement: The Foundation of the Western World
|publisher=Penguin
|location=New York
|year=1999
|isbn=0-670-88515-0}}
* [[Edward Gibbon]], ''The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'', 1776–1789
* [[Adrian Goldsworthy|Goldsworthy, Adrian]]. ''The Punic Wars'', Cassell & Co, 2000, ISBN 0-304-35284-5
* Goldsworthy, Adrian. ''In the Name of Rome: The Men Who Won the Roman Empire'', Weidenfield and Nicholson, 2003, ISBN 0-297-84666-3
* Goldsworthy, Adrian. ''The Complete Roman Army'', [[Thames and Hudson]], 2003, ISBN 0-500-05124-0
* [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]], ''The History of Rome'', [[Faber and Faber]], 1993, ISBN 0-571-11461-X
* [[Benjamin Isaac]], "The Limits of Empire: the Roman Army in the East" [[Oxford University Press]], 1992, ISBN 0-19-814926-3
* [[Andrew Lintott]], ''Imperium Romanum: Politics and administration'', 1993, ISBN 0-415-09375-9
* [[Edward Luttwak]], ''The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire'', [[Johns Hopkins University Press]], ISBN 0-8018-2158-4
* {{cite journal
| first=T. R.
| last=Reid
| title=The World According to Rome
| journal=National Geographic
| volume=192
| issue=2
| pages=54–83
| year=1997
| url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/
}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211153712/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ |date=2007-12-11 }}
* [[Antonio Santosuosso]], ''Storming the Heavens: Soldiers, Emperors and Civilians in the Roman Empire'', Westview Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8133-3523-X
{{Refend}}
<div class="references-small">
</div>

== Tumbu kaluar ==
{{Sister project links}}
* Adena, L. [http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/How+the+Jesus+Cult+Captured+the+Roman+State The 'Jesus Cult' and the Roman State in the Third Century] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104073248/http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/How+the+Jesus+Cult+Captured+the+Roman+State |date=2015-01-04 }}, Clio History Journal, 2008.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100708232311/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i11rv1ezJ_9hlqSjJfzxr1A5wryQ Roman battlefield unearthed deep inside Germany]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/romans BBC Romans for Children]
* [http://classicsunveiled.com/romeh/ Classics Unveiled] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305213059/http://www.classicsunveiled.com/romeh/ |date=2012-03-05 }}
* [http://www.euratlas.com/history_europe/europe_map_0100.html Complete map of the Roman Empire in year 100] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519172508/http://www.euratlas.com/history_europe/europe_map_0100.html |date=2010-05-19 }}
* [http://roman-empire.info/ Detailed history of the Roman Empire]
* [http://tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/rome.htm Historical Atlas] (Swedish)
* [http://romancoins.info/ Roman Numismatic Gallery ]
* [http://resourcesforhistory.com/ The Celts and Romans]
* [http://roman-empire.net/ The Roman Empire]
* [http://pbs.org/empires/romans/index.html The Roman Empire in the First Century] from PBS
* [http://www.unrv.com/ UNRV Roman History]
* [http://www.knowtheromans.co.uk The Romans]

{{Ancient Rome topics|state=autocollapse}}
{{Roman history by territory}}
{{Territories with limited Roman Empire occupation & presence}}
{{Ancient Greek and Roman Wars|state=autocollapse}}
{{Empires}}
{{Former monarchies Italian peninsula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Romawi}}
[[Kategori:Nu bubar taun 476]]
[[Kategori:Nu bubar taun 1453]]
[[Kategori:Urut nagara di Samenanjung Italia]]
[[Kategori:Kakaisaran Romawi| ]]
[[Kategori:Nagara Romawi]]
[[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 27 SM]]


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