Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Los Angeles

{{Infobox settlement
| official_name               = Los Angeles, California
|type=Kota
| image_skyline               = {{Photomontage
| photo1a      = 20190616154621!Echo Park Lake with Downtown Los Angeles Skyline.jpg{{!}}Puseur dayeuh Los Angeles
| photo2a      = Wiki training 0226.jpg{{!}}Markah Hollywood
| photo2b      = Griffith Observatory - Dusk.jpg{{!}}Obsérvatorium Griffith
| photo3a      = Los Angeles City Hall 2013.jpg{{!}}Balé Kota Los Angeles
| photo3b      = LAX Theme Building by Mark Baertschi 3-12-11.jpg{{!}}Theme Building di Bandar Udara Internasional Los Angeles
| photo4a      = Vincent Thomas Bridge 2.jpg{{!}}Sasak Vincent Thomas
| photo4b      = Venice Beach, Los Angeles, CA 01.JPG{{!}}Basisir Venice
| spacing      = 1
| color_border = white
| color        = white
| size         = 280
| foot_montage = Saarah jarum jam ti luhur: [[Puseur dayeuh Los Angeles|Puseur dayeuh]], [[Obsérvatorium Griffith]], [[Theme Building]] di [[Bandar Udara Internasional Los Angeles]], [[Basisir Venice]], [[Sasak Vincent Thomas]], [[Balé Kota Los Angeles City|Balé Kota]], jeung [[Markah Hollywood]]
}}
| image_flag                  = Flag of Los Angeles, California.svg
| image_seal                  = Seal of Los Angeles, California.svg
| nickname                    = L.A., City of Angels,<ref name=VOAnick /> [[Puseur Dayeuh Hiburan Dunya]], The Big Orange,<ref name=VOAnick>{{cite web|url=http://learningenglish.voanews.com/content/nicknames-for-los-angeles/1644584.html|title=Nicknames for Los Angeles|work=[[Voice of America]]|first1=Shelley|last1=Gollust|date=18 April 2013|accessdate=26 Juni 2014}}</ref> La-la-land, Tinseltown<ref name=VOAnick />
| image_map                   = LA County Incorporated Areas Los Angeles highlighted.svg
| map_caption                 = Lokasi di Los Angeles County
| pushpin_map                 = California#USA#North America
| pushpin_map_caption         = Lokasi di California##Lokasi di Amérika Sarikat##Lokasi di Amérika Kalér
| pushpin_label               = Los Angeles
| pushpin_mapsize             = 280
| pushpin_relief              = 1
<!-- Location ------------->
| pushpin_label_position      = right
| coordinates                 = {{coord|34|03|N|118|15|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type            = [[Daptar nagara|Nagara]]
| subdivision_name            = {{nowrap|{{flagu|Amérika Sarikat}}}}
| subdivision_type1           = [[Nagara bagéan Amérika Sarikat|Nagara bagéan]]
| subdivision_type2           = [[Daptar county di California|County]]
| subdivision_type3           = [[Wewengkon statistik gabungan|CSA]]
| subdivision_type4           = [[Wewengkon statistik métropolitan|MSA]]
| subdivision_name1           = {{flag|California}}
| subdivision_name2           = {{Flagicon image|Flag of Los Angeles County, California.svg}} [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles]]
| subdivision_name3           = [[Los Angeles Raya|Los Angeles-Long Beach]]
| subdivision_name4           = [[Wewengkon métropolitan Los Angeles|Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim]]
<!-- History -------------->
| established_title           = [[Pueblo de Los Ángeles|Pueblo]]
| established_date            = 4 Séptémber 1781<ref name="CaliforniaCounty1899">{{cite book|last=Barrows|first=H.D.|title=Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMg1AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA151|accessdate=28 Séptémber 2011|year=1899|page=151ff|chapter=Felepe de Neve|volume=4}}</ref>
| established_title1          = [[Status kota]]
| established_date1           = 23 Méi 1835<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/this-1835-decree-made-the-pueblo-of-los-angeles-a-ciudad-and-californias-capital| title = This 1835 Decree Made the Pueblo of Los Angeles a Ciudad – And California's Capital| publisher=[[KCET]]| accessdate = 27 Januari 2018| date = April 2016}}</ref>
| established_title2          = [[Korporasi munisipal|Kakorporasi]]
| established_date2           = 4 April 1850<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130221091414/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc|url-status = dead|archive-date = February 21, 2013|title = California Cities by Incorporation Date|format = DOC|publisher = California Association of [[Komisi Pangadegan Dinas Lokal Amérika Sarikat]]|accessdate = 25 Agustus 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |date=November 3, 2014 }}</ref>
| named_for                   = [[Ratu Sorga|Our Lady, Queen of the Angels]]
<!-- Government ----------->
| government_type             = [[Pamaréntahan walikota-déwan|Komisi Walikota-Déwan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lacity.org/city-government/about-city-government |title=About the City Government |publisher=Kota Los Angeles |accessdate=8 Pébruari 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208103544/http://www.lacity.org/city-government/about-city-government |archive-date=February 8, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208103544/http://www.lacity.org/city-government/about-city-government |date=February 8, 2015 }}</ref>
| governing_body              = [[Dewan Kota Los Angeles]]
| leader_title                = [[Walikota Los Angeles, California|Walikota]]
| leader_name                 = [[Eric Garcetti]] ([[Partéy Démokrat (Amériika Sarikat)|D]])<ref name=dir>{{cite web |url=http://www.lacity.org/CityDirectory/index.htm |title=City Directory |accessdate=28 Séptémber 2014 |publisher=Kota Los Angeles |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113102218/http://www.lacity.org/CityDirectory/index.htm |archivedate=November 13, 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113102218/http://www.lacity.org/CityDirectory/index.htm |date=November 13, 2014 }}</ref>
| leader_title1               = [[Jaksa Kota Los Angeles|Jaksa Kota]]
| leader_name1                = [[Mike Feuer]] (D)<ref name=dir />
<!-- display settings --------->
| total_type                  = Total
| unit_pref                   = Imperial
<!-- area ---------------------->
| area_footnotes              = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2016">{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=28 Juni 2017}}</ref>
| area_total_km2              = 
| area_total_sq_mi            = 
| area_land_km2               = 
| area_land_sq_mi             = 468.67
| area_metro_km2              = 12562
| area_urban_sq_mi            = 1736.02
| area_water_km2              = 
| area_water_sq_mi            = 34.02
| area_water_percent          = 
<!-- elevation ------------>
| elevation_footnotes         = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|1682200|Los Angeles City Hall|accessdate=16 Oktober 2014}}</ref>
| elevation_m                 = 93
| elevation_ft                = 305
| elevation_min_ft            = 0
<!-- population ----------->
| elevation_max_footnotes     = <ref name=elvadist>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb//pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances|publisher=US Geological Survey|date=29 April 2005|accessdate=28 Pébruari 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109183109/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb//pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |date=9 November 2013 }}</ref>
| elevation_min_footnotes     = <ref name=elvadist />
| population_total            = 3792621
| population_as_of            = [[Sénsus Amérika Sarikat 2010|2010]]
| population_footnotes        = <ref name="CADeptFinancePop17">{{cite web |url=http://www.dof.ca.gov/Forecasting/Demographics/Estimates/e-1/documents/E-1_2017PressRelease.pdf |title=CA Dept. of Finance – New State Population Report |accessdate=2 Juli 2016 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525055232/http://www.dof.ca.gov/Forecasting/Demographics/Estimates/e-1/documents/E-1_2017PressRelease.pdf |date=2017-05-25 }}</ref>
| population_density_km2      =
| population_density_sq_mi = 8,092
| population_est              = 3990456
| pop_est_as_of               = 2018
| pop_est_footnotes           = <ref name=PopEstCities>{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2018/PEPANNRSIP.US12A|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2018 Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018|publisher=[[Biro Sénsus Amérika Sarikat]], Population Division|accessdate=23 Méi 2019}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200213005358/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2018/PEPANNRSIP.US12A |date=February 13, 2020 }}</ref>
| population_urban            = 12,150,996
| population_urban_footnotes  = <ref>{{cite web|title=Urban Areas|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/ua/ua_list_all.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516110036/http://www2.census.gov/geo/ua/ua_list_all.txt|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 16, 2012|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=29 Agustus 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516110036/http://www2.census.gov/geo/ua/ua_list_all.txt |date=May 16, 2012 }}https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/ua/urban-rural-2010.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403024045/https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/ua/urban-rural-2010.html |date=3 April 2019 }}</ref>
| population_metro            = 13,131,431 (U.S.: [[Daptar Wewengkon Statistik Métropolitan|ka-2]])
| population_metro_footnotes  = <ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013 – United States – Metropolitan Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=29 Agustus 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815134909/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk |archivedate=August 15, 2014}}</ref>
| population_rank             = [[Daptar kota di California panggedéna dumasar ka pangeusi|ka-1]], California<br />[[Daptar kota di Amérika Sarikat dumasar ka pangeusi|ka-2, AS]]<!--Do ''not'' change this to the 4.0&nbsp;million that the CA Dept of Finance has. For more info, see the talk page archives-->
| population_blank1_title     = [[Wewengkon statistik gabungan|CSA]]
| population_blank1           = 18,679,763 (U.S.: [[Daptar Wewengkon Statistik Gabungan|ka-2]])
| population_demonym          = Angeleno
<!-- time zones ----------->
| postal_code_type            = [[Kode ZIP]]
| postal_code                 = {{collapsible list
  |framestyle = text-align:left;border:0;padding:0;line-height:16px;
  |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
  |title = 
  |hlist = true
  |90001–90084, 90086–90089, 90091, 90093–90097, 90099, 90101–90103, 90174, 90185, 90189, 90291–90293, 91040–91043, 91303–91308, 91311, 91316, 91324–91328, 91330, 91331, 91335, 91340, 91342–91349, 91352–91353, 91356–91357, 91364–91367, 91401–91499, 91504–91505, 91601–91609<ref>[https://media.metro.net/about_us/pla/images/lazipcodes.pdf Zip Codes Within the City of Los Angeles] – LAHD</ref> }}
| area_code                   = [[Kode wewengkon 213 jeung 323|213/323]], [[Kode wewengkon 310 jeung 424|310/424]], [[Kode wewengkon 747 jeung 818|747/818]]
| area_code_type              = [[Kode Wewengkon Amérika Kalér|Kode wewengkon]]
| blank_name_sec1             = Kode [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]]
| blank_info_sec1             = {{FIPS|06|44000}}
| blank1_name_sec1            = ID [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] 
| blank1_info_sec1            = {{GNIS 4|1662328}}, {{GNIS 4|2410877}}
| website                     = {{official website}}
| short_description           = Kota California
| leader_title2               = [[Pangawas Kota Los Angeles|v]]
| leader_name2                = [[Ron Galperin]] (D)<ref name=dir />
<!-- Area ----------------->
| elevation_max_ft            = 5074
| population_blank1_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013 – United States – Combined Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml|website=Census Bureau |publisher=Biro Sénsus |accessdate=29 Agustus 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815134909/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk |archivedate=August 15, 2014}}</ref>
| timezone                    = [[Zona Wanci Pasifik|Pasifik]]
| utc_offset                  = −08:00
| timezone_DST                = [[Zona Wanci Usum Panas Pasifik|PDT]]
| utc_offset_DST              = −07:00
<!-- Codes ---------------->
}}

'''Los Angeles''' ({{IPAc-en|l|ɔː|s|_|ˈ|æ|n|dʒ|ə|l|ə|s|audio=En-us-los-angeles.ogg}};{{efn|{{IPAc-en|uk|audio=En-uk-Los Angeles.ogg|l|ɒ|s|_|ˈ|æ|n|dʒ|ɪ|l|iː|z|,_|-|l|ɪ|z|,_|-|l|ɪ|s}}<ref name="EPD" />}} {{lang-es|Los Ángeles}}; {{langnf||Spanyol|"Malaikat"}}),<ref name="EPD">{{Cite EPD|18}}</ref> sacara resmi disebut '''Kota Los Angeles''' jeung biasana kawéntar ku singkatan '''L.A.''', nyaéta kota nu boga pangeusi [[Daptar kota di California dumasar ka pangeusi|panglobana]] di [[California]]; kota nu boga pangeusi [[Daptar kota di Amérika Sarikat dumasar ka pangeusi|kadua panglobana]] di [[Amérika Sarikat]], saanggeus [[Kota New York]]; jeung kota nu boga pangeusi [[Daptar kota di Amérika Kalér dumasar ka pangeusi|katilu panglobana]] di [[Amérika Kalér]], saanggeus [[Kota Méksiko]] jeung Kota New York. Los Angeles mangrupa puseur budaya, finansial, jeung komérsial [[California Kidul]] nu miboga pangeusi kurang leuwih hampir opat juta jelema.<ref name=PopEstCities>{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2018/PEPANNRSIP.US12A|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2018 Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018|publisher=[[Biro Sénsus Amérika Sarikat]], Population Division|accessdate=23 Méi 2019}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200213005358/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2018/PEPANNRSIP.US12A |date=February 13, 2020 }}</ref> Ieu kota kawéntar ku [[iklim Méditérania]], karagaman étnis, [[Hollywood]], industri hiburan, jeung kota  metropolis nu nyebar.

== Catetan ==
{{notelist}}

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

== Bacaan lanjutan ==
{{See also|Bibliografi Los Angeles}}

'''Umum'''
* {{cite book|title=Southern California: An Island on the Land|author=Carey McWilliams|publisher=Peregrine Smith|year=2009|isbn=978-0-87905-007-8|edition=9th|author-link=Carey McWilliams (journalist)|url=https://archive.org/details/southerncaliforn00mcwi}}
* {{cite book|title=It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own: A New History of the American West|title-link=It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own|author=Richard White|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year=1991|isbn=978-0-8061-2567-1|author-link=Richard White (historian)}}
* {{cite book|title=Los Angeles: Capital of the Third World|author=David Rieff|publisher=Touchstone|year=1992|isbn=978-0-671-79210-7|author-link=David Rieff}}
* {{cite book|title=Translating LA: A Tour of the Rainbow City|author=Peter Theroux|publisher=Norton|year=1994|isbn=978-0-393-31394-9|author-link=Peter Theroux|url=https://archive.org/details/translatingla00pete}}
* {{cite book|title=Los Angeles: A History of the Future|author=Paul Glover|publisher=Greenplanners|year=1995|isbn=978-0-9622911-0-4|author-link=Paul Glover (activist)}}
* {{cite book|title=Los Angeles A to Z: An Encyclopedia of the City and County|author=Leonard Pitt & Dale Pitt|publisher=University of California Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-520-20530-7|place=Berkeley}}
* {{cite book|title=Los Angeles: Portrait of a City|author=[[Kevin Starr]] and David Ulin|publisher=[[Taschen]] America|year=2009|isbn=978-3-8365-0291-7|editor=Jim Heimann|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/losangelesportra0000unse}}

'''Arsitéktur jeung téori urban'''
* {{cite book|title=Los Angeles: The Architecture of Four Ecologies|author=Reyner Banham|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-520-26015-3|edition=2nd|place=Berkeley|author-link=Reyner Banham}}
* {{cite book|title=City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles|title-link=City of Quartz|author=Mike Davis|publisher=Verso|year=2006|isbn=978-1-84467-568-5|author-link=Mike Davis (scholar)}}
* {{cite book|title=The Fragmented Metropolis: Los Angeles 1850–1930|author=Robert M. Fogelson|publisher=University of California Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0-520-08230-4|place=Berkeley}}
* {{cite book|title=The History of Forgetting: Los Angeles and the Erasure of Memory|author=Norman M. Klein|publisher=Verso|year=1997|isbn=978-1-84467-242-4}}
* {{cite book|title=L.A. Lost & Found: An Architectural History of Los Angeles|author=Sam Hall Kaplan|publisher=Hennessey and Ingalls|year=2000|isbn=978-0-940512-23-8}}
* {{cite book|title=Overdrive: L.A. Constructs the Future, 1940–1990|author=Wim de Wit and Christopher James Alexander|publisher=Getty Publications|year=2013|isbn=978-1-60606-128-2}}

'''Kaitan jeung ras'''
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lQXqQPNOUcC|title=Anything but Mexican: Chicanos in contemporary Los Angeles|last=Acuña|first=Rodolfo|publisher=Verso|year=1996|isbn=978-1-85984-031-3|authorlink=Rodolfo Acuña|accessdate=September 30, 2011}}
* {{cite book|title=No Crystal Stair: African Americans in the City of Angels|last=George|first=Lynell|publisher=Verso|year=1992|isbn=978-0-86091-389-4}}
* {{cite book|title=L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present|last=Sides|first=Josh|publisher=University of California Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-520-24830-4|place=Berkeley}}
* {{cite book|title=Murder at the Sleepy Lagoon: Zoot Suits, Race, and Riot in Wartime L.A.|author=Eduardo Obregón Pagán|publisher=The University of North Carolina Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-8078-5494-5}}
* {{cite book|title=The Great Black Way: L.A. in the 1940s and the Last African American Renaissance|author=R. J. Smith|publisher=PublicAffairs|year=2007|isbn=978-1-58648-521-4}}

'''Lingkungan'''
* {{cite book|title=Cadillac Desert: The American West and its Disappearing Water|title-link=Cadillac Desert|author=Marc Reisner|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|year=1986|isbn=978-0-14-017824-1|author-link=Marc Reisner}}
* {{cite book|title=Smogtown: The Lung-Burning History of Pollution in Los Angeles|author=Chip Jacobs and William Kelly|publisher=Outlook Hardcover|year=2008|isbn=978-1-58567-860-0|url=https://archive.org/details/smogtownlungburn00jaco}}

'''Seni jeung literatur'''
* {{cite book|title=Writing Los Angeles: A Literary Anthology|publisher=[[Library of America]]|year=2002|isbn=978-1-931082-27-3|editor=David L. Ulin|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/writinglosangele0000unse}}
* {{cite book|title=Pop L.A.: Art and the City in the 1960s|last=Whiting|first=Cécile|publisher=University of California Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-520-25634-7|place=Berkeley}}

== Tutumbu luar ==
* [[Sistem koordinat géografi|Koordinat géografi]]: {{Coord|34|3|N|118|15|W|display=inline}}
* {{official website}}

{{authority control}}

[[Kategori:Kota di Amérika Sarikat]]