Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Péru

{{about|nagarana}}
{{Infobox Country
|native_name                 = República del Pérú
|conventional_long_name      = Républik Péru
|common_name                 = Péru
|image_coat                  = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
|image_flag                  = <!--ANY CHANGE WILL BE REVERTED-->Flag of Peru.svg
|image_map                   = Peru (orthographic projection).svg
|national_motto              =
|national_anthem             = "''[[Lagu Kabangsaan Péru|Himno Nacional del Perú]]''
|official_languages          = [[Basa Spanyol]]
|demonym                     = Peruvian
|capital                     = [[Lima (kota)|Lima]]
|latd=12 |latm=2.6 |latNS=S |longd=77 |longm=1.7 |longEW=W
|largest_city                = [[Lima (kota)|Lima]]
|government_type             = [[Républik]] [[nagara kahijian|kahijian]] [[sistim présidénsial|présidénsial]]
|leader_title1               = [[Daptar Présidén Péru|Présidén]]
|leader_name1                = [[:es:Pedro Castillo|Pedro Castillo]]
|leader_title2               = [[Wakil Présidén Péru|Wakil Présidén]]
|leader_name2                = [[:es:Dina Boluarte|Dina Boluarte]]
|leader_title3               = [[Perdana Mentri Péru|Perdana Mentri]]
|leader_name3                = [[:es:Aníbal Torres|Aníbal Torres]]
|sovereignty_type            = [[Kamerdikaan]]
|sovereignty_note            = ti [[Spanyol]]
|established_event1          = Didéklarasikeun
|established_date1           = 28 Juli 1821
|established_event2          = Dikonsolidasi
|established_date2           = 9 Désémber 1824
|established_event3          = Diakuan
|established_date3           = 14 Agustus 1879
|area_rank                   = ka-20
|area_magnitude              = 1 E12
|area                    = 1.285.216
|areami²                  = 496.225    <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water               = 0,41       <!--CIA World Factbook-->
|population_estimate         = 31.294.231 <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
|population_estimate_rank    = ka-44       <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
|population_estimate_year    = 2021   <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
|population_census           = 31.237.385 <!--(2017 Census)-->
|population_census_year      = 2017       <!--(2017 Census)-->
|population_density      = 23         <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
|population_densitymi²    = 59,6 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank     = ka-198
|ethnic_groups=45% [[Urang pribumi Péru|Amerindian]] <br />37% [[Mestizo]]<br />15% [[Urang Amérika Latin Kulit Bodas|Bodas]]<br />3% [[Afro-Péru|Hideung]], [[Urang Jepang-Péru|Jepang]], [[Urang Cina-Péru|Cina]], jeung nu lian<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html CIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105025708/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html |date=2016-11-05 }}, World Factbook (Expand "people" tab)</ref>
|GDP_PPP                     = $385.719&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=31&pr.y=8&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=293&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Peru|publisher=International Monetary Fund|access-date=18 January 2020|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117125604/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=31&pr.y=8&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=293&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|url-status=live}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_rank                = 
|GDP_PPP_year                = 2020
|GDP_PPP_per_capita          = $9.985<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank     =
|GDP_nominal                 = $195,761
|GDP_nominal_rank            =
|GDP_nominal_year            = 2020
|GDP_nominal_per_capita      = $5.845<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|HDI                         = {{increase}}0,777 <ref>{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020|archive-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215063955/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|HDI_rank                    = ka-79
|HDI_year                    = 2019
|HDI_category                = <span style="color:#090;">luhur</span>
|Gini = <span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▼</spa41,5
|Gini_rank = 
|Gini_year = 2019
|Gini_category               = <span style="color:#e0584e;">luhur</span>
|currency                    = [[Sol Péru|Sol]]
|currency_code               = PEN
|time_zone                   = [[Wanci di Péru|PET]]
|utc_offset                  = -5
|time_zone_DST               = teu kaobsérvasi
|utc_offset_DST              =
|drives_on                    = katuhu
|cctld                       = [[.pe]]
|calling_code                = [[+51|51]]
|footnote1                   = [[Basa Quechua|Quechua]], [[Basa Aymara|Aymara]], jeung [[Basa di Péru|basa pribumi lianna]] mangrupa basa sub-resmi di wewengkon di mana loba dipakéna.
}}
[[Gambar:Peru - Regions and departments (labeled).svg|250px|right|thumb| Peru]]
[[Gambar:Peru Machu Picchu Sunrise.jpg|250px|right|thumb| [[Machu Picchu]] ]]
'''Péru''' ({{lang-es|Perú}}; {{lang-qu|Perú}};<ref>Ngaran dina basa Quechua nu dipaké ku pamaréntah Péru nyaéta ''Perú'' (tempo [http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_quechua/index.htm loka wéb] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730230845/http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_quechua/index.htm |date=2010-07-30 }} Parlemén Péru dina vérsi basa Quechua jeung Konstitusi Péru vérsi basa Quechua [http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_quechua/Constitucion.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205010758/http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_quechua/Constitucion.pdf |date=2011-02-05 }}), tapi ngaran umum dina basa Quechuana nyaéta ''Piruw''</ref> {{lang-ay|Piruw}}), resmina '''Républik Péru''' ({{lang-es|República del Perú}}, {{IPA-es|reˈpuβlika ðel peˈɾu|pron|Es - República del Perú.ogg}}), nyaéta hiji nagara di [[Amérika Kidul]] beulah kulon. Nagara ieu wawatesan jeung [[Ékuador]] sareng [[Kolombia]] di kalér, [[Brasil]] di wétan, [[Bolivia]] di tenggara, [[Chili]] di kidul, jeung [[Samudra Pasifik]] di kulon.

== Région ==
{{utama|Babagian administratif Péru}}
Péru dibagi kana [[Région di Péru|25 région]] sarta [[Propinsi Lima]]. Saban région miboga pamaréntahan kapilih nu diwangun ku hiji présidén jeung déwan nu ngajabat 4 taun.<ref>''Ley N° 27867, Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales'', Article N° 11.</ref>

'''Région''':
{{Col|2}}
* [[Région Amazonas|Amazonas]]
* [[Région Ancash|Ancash]]
* [[Région Apurímac|Apurímac]]
* [[Région Arequipa|Arequipa]]
* [[Région Ayacucho|Ayacucho]]
* [[Région Cajamarca|Cajamarca]]
* [[Région Callao|Callao]]
* [[Région Cuzco|Cuzco]]
* [[Région Huancavelica|Huancavelica]]
* [[Région Huánuco|Huánuco]]
* [[Région Ica|Ica]]
* [[Région Junín|Junín]]
* [[Région La Libertad|La Libertad]]
* [[Région Lambayeque|Lambayeque]]
* [[Région Lima|Lima]]
* [[Région Loreto|Loreto]]
* [[Région Madre de Dios|Madre de Dios]]
* [[Région Moquegua|Moquegua]]
* [[Région Pasco|Pasco]]
* [[Région Piura|Piura]]
* [[Région Puno|Puno]]
* [[Région San Martín|San Martín]]
* [[Région Tacna|Tacna]]
* [[Région Tumbes|Tumbes]]
* [[Région Ucayali|Ucayali]]
</div>

'''Propinsi''':
* [[Propinsi Lima|Lima]]

== Tempo ogé ==
* [[Daptar nagara]]
{{Peru topics|state=uncollapsed}}

== Catetan jeung rujukan ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

<!--
== Rujukan ==
<div class="references-small">

;Etymology
* {{es icon}} Porras Barrenechea, Raúl. ''El nombre del Perú''. Lima: Talleres Gráficos P.L. Villanueva, 1968.

;History
* Andrien, Kenneth. ''Crisis and decline: the Viceroyalty of Peru in the seventeenth century''. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1985.
* Anna, Timothy. ''The fall of the royal government in Peru''. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979.
* Bakewell, Peter. ''Miners of the Red Mountain: Indian labor in Potosi 1545–1650''. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1984.
* BBC News. ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1031752.stm Fujimori: Decline and fall]''. November 20, 2000.
* Burkholder, Mark. ''From impotence to authority: the Spanish Crown and the American audiencias, 1687–1808''. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1977.
* D'Altroy, Terence. ''The Incas''. Malden: Blackwell, 2002.
* Dillehay, Tom, Duccio Bonavia and Peter Kaulicke. "The first settlers". In Helaine Silverman (ed.), ''Andean archaeology''. Malden: Blackwell, 2004, pp.&nbsp;16–34.
* Gootenberg, Paul. ''Between silver and guano: commercial policy and the state in postindependence Peru''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
* Gootenberg, Paul. ''Imagining development: economic ideas in Peru's "fictitious prosperity" of Guano, 1840–1880''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
* Haas, Jonathan, Winifred Creamer and Alvaro Ruiz. "Dating the Late Archaic occupation of the Norte Chico region in Peru". ''Nature'' 432: 1020–1023 (December 23, 2004).
* Klarén, Peter. ''Peru: society and nationhood in the Andes''. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
* Mayer, Enrique. ''The articulated peasant: household economies in the Andes''. Boulder: Westview, 2002
* Mücke, Ulrich. ''Political culture in nineteenth-century Peru''. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004.
* O'Phelan, Scarlett. ''Rebellions and revolts in eighteenth century Peru and Upper Peru''. Cologne: Böhlau, 1985.
* Palmer, David. ''Peru: the authoritarian tradition''. New York: Praeger, 1980.
* Philip, George. ''The rise and fall of the Peruvian military radicals''. London: University of London, 1978.
* {{es icon}} ''Recopilación de leyes de los Reynos de las Indias''. Madrid: Cultura Hispánica, 1973
* Schydlowsky, Daniel and Juan Julio Wicht. "Anatomy of an economic failure". In Cynthia McClintock and Abraham Lowenthal (ed.), ''The Peruvian experiment reconsidered''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983, pp.&nbsp;94–143.
* {{es icon}} Suárez, Margarita. ''Desafíos transatlánticos''. Lima: FCE/IFEA/PUCP, 2001.
* The Economist. ''[http://www.economist.com/research/backgrounders/displayBackgrounder.cfm?bg=709221 Peru]''. June 12, 2007.
* Walker, Charles. ''Smoldering ashes: Cuzco and the creation of Republican Peru, 1780–1840''. Durham: Duke University Press, 1999.

;Government
* BBC News. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4405402.stm ''Peru–Chile border row escalates'']. November 4, 2005.
* Clark, Jeffrey. [http://web.archive.org/web/20070813232240/http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/pubs/descriptions/perubuilding.htm ''Building on quicksand: the collapse of the World Bank's judicial reform project in Peru'']. New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 2000.
* {{es icon}} Congreso de la República del Perú. [http://www.congreso.gob.pe/organizacion/grupos.asp ''Grupos Parlamentarios''].
* {{es icon}} [http://www.tc.gob.pe/legconperu/constitucion.html ''Constitución Política del Perú'']. December 29, 1993.
* {{es icon}} {{DOClink|[http://www.ccffaa.mil.pe/INFORMACION/Ley27178_Ley__ServicioMilitar.doc ''Ley N° 27178, Ley del Servicio Militar'']}}. September 28, 1999.
* {{es icon}} Ministerio de Defensa. ''Libro Blanco de la Defensa Nacional''. Lima: Ministerio de Defensa, 2005
* {{es icon}} Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales. [http://www.elecciones2011.onpe.gob.pe/resultados2011/2davuelta/onpe/presidente/rep_resumen_pre.php ''Elecciones Generales 2011 Segunda Elección Presidencial''].
* St John, Ronald Bruce. ''The foreign policy of Peru''. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1992.

;Regions
* {{es icon}} {{PDFlink|[http://www.pmde.gob.pe/taller/Compilacion%20normativa/DESCENTRALIZACI%C3%93N/LEY%20N%C2%BA%2027867_LEY%20ORG%C3%81NICA%20DE%20GOBIERNOS%20LOCALES.pdf ''Ley N° 27867, Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales'']|305&nbsp;KB}}. November 16, 2002.

;Geography
* AndesHandbook. [http://www.andeshandbook.cl/eng/default.asp?main=cerro.asp?codigo=54 ''Huascarán'']. June 2, 2002.
* {{es icon}} Instituto de Estudios Histórico–Marítimos del Perú. ''El Perú y sus recursos: Atlas geográfico y económico''. Lima: Auge, 1996.
* {{es icon}} Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. {{PDFlink|[http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0638/Libro.pdf ''Perú: Compendio Estadístico 2005'']|8.31&nbsp;MB}}. Lima: INEI, 2005.

;Economy
* {{es icon}} Banco Central de Reserva. [http://www.bcrp.gob.pe/estadisticas/cuadros-anuales-historicos.html ''Cuadros Anuales Históricos''].
* {{es icon}} Banco Central de Reserva. [http://www.bcrp.gob.pe/publicaciones/memoria-anual/memoria-2006.html ''Memoria 2006'']. Lima: BCR, 2007
* {{es icon}} Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. ''Perú: Perfil de la pobreza por departamentos, 2004–2008''. Lima: INEI, 2009.
* International Monetary Fund. [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&ey=2014&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=293&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=&pr1.x=48&pr1.y=9 ''Peru'']. January 2010.
* Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. [http://ustraderep.gov/Document_Library/Press_Releases/2006/April/United_States_Peru_Sign_Trade_Promotion_Agreement.html ''United States and Peru Sign Trade Promotion Agreement'']. April 12, 2006.
* Sheahan, John. ''Searching for a better society: the Peruvian economy from 1950''. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.
* Thorp, Rosemary and Geoffrey Bertram. ''Peru 1890–1977: growth and policy in an open economy''. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978.
* United Nations Development Programme, {{PDFlink|[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf ''Human Development Report 2009'']}}. New York: UNDP, 2009.

;Demographics
* Cook, Noble David. ''Demographic collapse: Indian Peru, 1520–1620''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
* {{es icon}} Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. ''Perú: Estimaciones y Proyecciones de Población, 1950–2050''. Lima: INEI, 2001.
* {{es icon}} Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. ''Perfil sociodemográfico del Perú''. Lima: INEI, 2008.
* Mörner, Magnus. ''Race mixture in the history of Latin America''. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1967.
* United Nations. {{PDFlink|[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf ''World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision. Highlights'']|2.74&nbsp;MB}}. New York: United Nations, 2007.
* Vázquez, Mario. "Immigration and mestizaje in nineteenth-century Peru". In: Magnus Mörner, ''Race and class in Latin America''. New York: Columbia University Press, 1970, pp.&nbsp;73–95.

;Culture
* Bailey, Gauvin Alexander. ''Art of colonial Latin America''. London: Phaidon, 2005.
* Bayón, Damián. "Art, c. 1920–c. 1980". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.), ''A cultural history of Latin America''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp.&nbsp;393–454.
* {{es icon}} Belaunde, Víctor Andrés. ''Peruanidad''. Lima: BCR, 1983.
* Concha, Jaime. "Poetry, c. 1920–1950". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.), ''A cultural history of Latin America''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp.&nbsp;227–260.
* Custer, Tony. ''The Art of Peruvian Cuisine''. Lima: Ediciones Ganesha, 2003.
* Embassy of Peru in the United States. [http://www.peruvianembassy.us/do.php?p=507 ''The Peruvian Gastronomy''].
* Lucie-Smith, Edward. ''Latin American art of the 20th century''. London: Thames and Hudson, 1993.
* Martin, Gerald. "Literature, music and the visual arts, c. 1820–1870". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.), ''A cultural history of Latin America''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp.&nbsp;3–45.
* Martin, Gerald. "Narrative since c. 1920". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.), ''A cultural history of Latin America''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp.&nbsp;133–225.
* Olsen, Dale. ''Music of El Dorado: the ethnomusicology of ancient South American cultures''. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002.
* {{es icon}} Romero, Raúl. "La música tradicional y popular". In: Patronato Popular y Porvenir, ''La música en el Perú''. Lima: Industrial Gráfica, 1985, pp.&nbsp;215–283.
* Romero, Raúl. "Andean Peru". In: John Schechter (ed.), ''Music in Latin American culture: regional tradition''. New York: Schirmer Books, 1999, pp.&nbsp;383–423.
* Turino, Thomas. "Charango". In: Stanley Sadie (ed.), ''The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments''. New York: MacMillan Press Limited, 1993, vol. I, p.&nbsp;340.
</div>
-->

== Tumbu kaluar ==
{{sisterlinks}}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1224656.stm Propil Nagara] ti [[BBC News]]
* [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Peru Peru] ti ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''
* {{CIA World Factbook link|pe|Peru}}
* [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/peru.htm Peru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085421/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/peru.htm |date=2008-06-07 }} di ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
* {{dmoz|Regional/South_America/Peru|Péru}}
* {{wikiatlas|Peru}}
* {{wikivoyage|Peru}}
* {{es icon}} [http://www.peru.gob.pe/ Portal Wéb] Pamaréntah Péru
* {{osmrelation-inline|288247|bullet=no}}
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[[Kategori:Péru| ]]
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{{nagara-geo-stub|Péru}}