Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Qur'an

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{{Islam}}

'''Al Qur'ān''' <ref>{{audio|Quran.ogg|Arabic pronunciation}}</ref> ([[basa Arab]]: '''{{ar| القرآن }}''' ''{{ArabDIN|al-qurʼān}}'', sacara harfiah hartina "bacaan"; disebut ogé ''{{ArabDIN|al-qurʼān al-karīm}}'' "Al Qur'an nu Mulya";  ogé [[transliterasi basa Arab|ditransliterasikeun]] minangka '''Quran''', '''Koran''' (istilah tradisional di Inggris), jeung '''Al-Quran'''), nyaéta [[téks rélijius]] séntral dina ajaran [[Islam]]. [[Muslim]] percaya yén Al Qur'an mangrupa kecap harfiah ti [[Gusti]] (basa Arab [[Allah]]) nu diwahyukeun ka Nabi [[Muhammad]] ﷺ, salila 22 taun, 2 bulan 22 poé ngaliwatan perantara malaikat [[Jibril]] sarta mangrupa wahyu pamungkas ti Gusti Allah pikeun umat manusa.
Qur'an nyaritakeun kajadian-kajadian picontoeun dina sajarah manusa, utamana ngeunaan para nabi saméméh Muhammad kayaning [[Nuh]], [[Adam]], [[Ibrahim]], [[Musa]], [[Isa]], jeung nu séjénna.

Muslim ogé nyebut Al Qur'an minangka "Wasiat Pamungkas", "Kitab", "Kitab Gusti Allah" sarta "Wahyu."

== Étimologi ==

Dina [[tata basa]] Arab, kecap "qur'an" mangrupa masdar ([[kecap barang verbal]]) tina kecap gawé basa Arab قرأ ''qoro'a'' ("maca" atawa "nyaritakeun"<ref>BYU Studies, vol. 40, nomer 4, 2001.  Kaca 52</ref><ref>[http://www.hawahome.com/books/open.php?cat=16&book=468 Lisan al-Arab] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060905194548/http://www.hawahome.com/books/open.php?cat=16&book=468 |date=2006-09-05 }}</ref>. Kecap ieu digunakeun dina Al Qur'an sorangan minangka istilah keur Al Qur'an, misalna dina Q.S [[Yusuf (surat)|12]]:2:

:''Satemenna kami nurunkeunana (ayat-ayat kitab) mangrupa Qur'an dina basa Arab, ngarah aranjeun ngarti.''

== Format Al Qur'an ==
[[Gambar:Opened Qur'an.jpg|thumb|250px|Salinan Al Qur'an nu geus dibuka siap dibaca.]]
{{utama|Surat}}
Al Qur'an eusina aya [[114 (nomer)|114]] [[surat]] kalawan total 6236 [[ayat]].

=== Apalan Al Qur'an ===
Kecap ''Qur'an'' ogé biasana ditarjamahkeun minangka "apalan," nu nunjukkeun yén Qur'an lain ngan saukur téks, tapi ogé geus ditepikeun sacara lisan di sagédéngeun ngaliwatan téks.

Pikeun ngalengkepan sampurnana [[solat]], mangrupa kawajiban dina Islam, nyaéta nyaratkeun ngapal saeutikna sababaraha [[surat]] dina Al qur'an (biasana dimimitina ku surat kahiji, [[Al Fatihah]], dituluykeun ku maca surat séjénna). Saméméh bisa maca Al Fatihah, hiji Muslim bisa maca "pupujian keur Alloh" salila solat.

Jalma anu apal sakabéh bacaan Al Qur'an disebut [[qari'|qori']] (قَارٍئ) atawa [[hafiz]] (nu berurutan hartina  "nu apal" atawa "nu ngajaga"). Nabi Muhammad mangrupa hafiz pertama. ''[[Tilawah]]'' تلاوة Al Qur'an mangrupa kasenian nu hadé di dunya Muslim.

== Tapsir Qur'an ==
Pitulung pangpentinga dina [[tapsir|napsirkeun]] harti ayat-ayat Qur'an nyaéta [[Hadis|Hadits]] - kumpulan tradisi Islam (kagiatan jeung sasanggeman Nabi Muhammad). Élmu [[isnad]] tumuwuh dina mangsa munggaran abad Hijriyah, nu usaha ngagolongkeun sasanggeman/béja hadits dumasar bisa henteu dipercayana jalma nu nepikeun hadis. Tapsir Qur'an satuluyna tumuwuh jadi hiji élmu mandiri nu disebut ''élmu tapsir''. Di antaran élmuwan nu kawentar nyaéta [[Tabari]], [[Zamakhshari|Zamakhshori]], [[Turmudhi]], [[Ibn Kathir]].

== Jinis-jinis Tapsir ==
Al-Sayyid Muhammad 'Ali Aayazi dian kitabna Al-Mufassirun ngabagi tapsir jadi sasabaraha rupa, nyaéta:

# Kutubu Tafsir al-Fuqaha (kitab-kitab tafsir ahli fikih)
# Tafasir 'ala Hasbi Tartib al Nuzul (tapsir numutkeun kana tartib turunna ayat al-Qur'an)
# Kutubu al-Tafsir bi al-Ma'tsur (kitab-kitab anu dumasar kana ayat al-Qur'an ditapsirkeun kana ayat al-Qur'an, ayat al-Qur'an ditapsirkeun kanu hadis, jeung ayat al-Qur'an ditapsirkeun dumasar kana riwayat sahabat)

== [[Naha quran téh mahluk atanapi lain (abadi) ?]] ==
Kalobaan ulama tauhid ngayakinkeun yén al-quran téh kalam [[Alloh]] nu tangtos sanes mahluk jeung moal ruksak (abadi),sabab al-quran téh dawuhan Alloh, jeung ari ngadawuh téh éta salah sahiji sifat Allah (kalam). Lamun sifat Alloh teu abadi, tangtu dzat Alloh gé teu abadi, sedengken lamun Alloh teu abadi éta mustahil. ku lantaran kitu kaharti ku akal yén sifat Alloh nu ieu (ngadawuhna Alloh) mustahil ruksak, ku lantaran mustahil ruksak, atuh jelas yén al-quran téh lain mahluk. Ngeunaan ieu pendapat  kungsi dibabarkeun ka ahli filsafatna Yunani, utamana téori-téori Plato yén sakabéh nu nyata jeung nu bener teu kawates tangtos abadi jeung moal matak robah.

== Tempo ogé ==
* [[Alloh]]
* [[Islam]]
* [[Muhammad]]
* [[Muadz bin Jabal]]
* [[Ngabandingkeun Bibel jeung Qur'an]]
* [[Qur'an jeung kaajaiban]]
* [[Qur'an jeung Sunnah]]
* [[Asal-usul jeung perkembangan Qur'an]]
* [[Maos Qur'an]]
* [[Hafiz]]
* [[Literalisme Qur'ani]]
* [[Surat dina Al Qur'an]]
* [[Ayat dina Al Qur'an]]
* [[Tafsir]]
* [[Istri dina Al Qur'an]]
* [[Jalmi-jlmi nu patali areng ayat Al Qur'an]]
* Aya ogé artikel ngeunaan masing-masing [[surat dina Al Qu'an]]. Klik kana nomer surat keur ningali artikelna.

== Référénsi ==
<div class="references-small"><references/>

=== Alihbasa ===
* Arberry, A. J. -- ''The Koran Interpreted'', Touchstone Books, 1996. ISBN 0-684-82507-4

=== Koméntar Lawas ===
* al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir -- ''Jami al-bayan `an ta'wil al-Qur'an'', Cairo [[1955]]-[[1969|69]], transl. J. Cooper (ed.), ''The Commentary on the Qur'an'', Oxford University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-19-920142-0

=== Pustaka Lawas ===
* [[Theodor Nöldeke|Nöldeke, Theodor]] -- ''Geschichte des Qorâns'', Göttingen, 1860.

=== Pustaka Modéren ===
* [[Al-Azami]], M. M. -- ''The History of the Qur'anic Text from Revelation to Compilation'', UK Islamic Academy: Leicester 2003.
* [[James A. Bellamy|Bellamy, James A.]] -- "Some Proposed Emendations to the Text of the Koran", Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 113, 1993
* Bellamy, James A. -- "More Proposed Emendations to the Text of the Koran", Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 116, 1996
* Bellamy, James A. -- "Textual Criticism of the Koran", Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 121, 2001
* [[Patricia Crone|Crone, Patricia]], and Michael Cook -- ''Hagarism'', Cambridge University Press, 1977
* [[Helmut Gatje|Gatje, Helmut]], and Alford T. Welch -- ''The Qur'an and Its Exegesis'', Oneworld Publications; New Ed edition (November 1, 1996). ISBN 1-85168-118-3
* [[Ibn Warraq]] (ed.), ''The Origins of the Koran'', Prometheus Books, 1998. ISBN 1-57392-198-X
* [[Hanna E. Kassis|Kassis, Hanna E.]] -- ''A Concordance of the Qur'an,'' University of California Press (March 1, 1984), ISBN 0-520-04327-8
* [[Christoph Luxenberg|Luxenberg, Christoph]] (2004) -- ''Die Syro-Aramäische Lesart des Koran: Ein Beitrag zur Entschlüsselung der Koransprache'', Berlin, Verlag Hans Schiler, 2005, ISBN 3-89930-028-9
* [[Jane Damen McAuliffe|McAuliffe, Jane Damen]] -- ''Quranic Christians : An Analysis of Classical and modérn Exegesis'', Cambridge University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-521-36470-1
* McAuliffe, Jane Damen (ed.) -- ''Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an'', Brill, 2002-2004.
* [[Gerd R. Puin|Puin, Gerd R.]] -- "Observations on Early Qur'an Manuscripts in Sana'a," in The Qur'an as Text, ed. Stefan Wild, , E.J. Brill 1996, pp.&nbsp;107–111 (as reprinted in ''What the Koran Really Says'', ed. Ibn Warraq, Prometheus Books, 2002)
* [[Fazlur Rahman|Rahman, Fazlur]] -- ''Major Themes in the Qur'an'', Bibliotheca Islamica, 1989. ISBN 0-88297-046-1
* [[Neal Robinson|Robinson, Neal]], ''Discovering the Qur'an'', Géorgetown University Press, 2002. ISBN 1-58901-024-8
* [[Michael Sells|Sells, Michael]], -- ''Approaching the Qur'an: The Early Revelations,'' White Cloud Press, Book & CD edition (November 15, 1999). ISBN 1-883991-26-9
* [[Barbara Freyer Stowasser|Stowasser, Barbara Freyer]] -- ''Women in the Qur'an, Traditions, and Interpretation'', Oxford University Press; Reprint edition (June 1, 1996), ISBN 0-19-511148-6
* [[John Wansbrough|Wansbrough, John]] -- ''Quranic Studies'', Oxford University Press, 1977
* [[W. M. Watt|Watt, W. M.]], and [[R. Bell]], ''Introduction to the Qur'an'', Edinburgh University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-7486-0597-5
</div>

== Tumbu kaluar ==
{{Wikisource|Qur'an}}
* [http://quranacademy.org/quran Quran Word by Word] // QuranAcademy.org
* [http://al-quran.info Al-Quran project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129090725/http://al-quran.info/ |date=2009-01-29 }} includes more than 145+ translation in more than 35 different languages.
* [http://www.haqaonline.com/multimedia/audio/Quran/ Listen to the Holy Quran, available to listen in Realplayer, Windows Media Player and available to download as a MP3] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041021162221/http://haqaonline.com/multimedia/audio/Quran/ |date=2004-10-21 }}
* [http://www.quranicstudies.com/ The Qur'anic Studies] 
* [http://theatlantic.com/issues/99jan/koran.htm What is the Koran?]
* [http://www.islam101.com/science/bucaille.html The Bible, the Qur'an and Science]
* [http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/quran/ The Skeptic's Annotated Qur'an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090121133905/http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/quran/ |date=2009-01-21 }} - a version of the Qur'an annotated from a skeptical point of view.
* [http://www.altafsir.com/ Tafsir.com]

{{SuratQuran|||}}

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