Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Walanda

{{otheruses}}
{{Infobox Country
|native_name              = ''Koninkrijk der Nederlanden''
|conventional_long_name   = Karajaan Walanda
|common_name              = Walanda
|image_flag               = Flag of the Netherlands.svg
|image_coat               = Royal Coat of Arms of the Netherlands.svg
|image_map                = EU location NED.png
|map_caption              = {{map_caption |countryprefix= |region=di [[Éropa|buana Éropa]] |subregion=[[Uni Éropa]] |legend=European location legend en.png}}
|national_motto           = <span style="line-height:133%;">''"Je Maintiendrai"''{{spaces|2}}<small>([[Basa Perancis]])</small><br />''"Ik zal handhaven"''{{spaces|2}}<small>([[Basa Walanda]])<br />"I shall stand fast"<sup>1</sup></span>
|national_anthem          = ''[[Wilhelmus van Nassouwe]]''
|official_languages       = [[Basa Walanda|Walanda]]<sup>3</sup>
|ethnic_groups            = 80.9% [[Walanda (kelompok suku)|Walanda]]<br />{{spasi|2}}2.4% [[urang Indonésia|Indonésia]]<br />{{spaces|2}}2.4% [[urang Jérman|Jérman]]<br />{{spaces|2}}2.0% [[urang Suriname|Suriname]]<br />12.3% lianna
|capital                  = [[Amsterdam]]<sup>2</sup>
|latd=52 |latm=21 |latNS=N |longd=04 |longm=52 |longEW=E
|largest_city             = Amsterdam
|government_type          = <small>[[Sistim parleménér|parleménér]] [[democracy]]<br />[[Karajaan konstitusional]]</small>
|leader_title1            = [[Raja Walanda|Raja]]
|leader_title2            = [[Perdana Mentri Walanda|Perdana Mentri]]
|leader_name1             = [[Willem-Alexander ti Walanda|Raja Willem-Alexander]]
|leader_name2             = [[Mark Rutte]]
|area_rank                = ka-134
|area_magnitude           = 1_E10
|area                     = 41,526
|areami²                  = 16,033 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water            = 18.41
|population_estimate      = 16,491,461
|population_estimate_year = Juli 2006
|population_estimate_rank = ka-59
|population_census        = 16,105,285
|population_census_year   = 2001
|population_density       = 395
|population_densitymi²    = 1,023 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank  = ka-23
|GDP_PPP_year             = 2006
|GDP_PPP                  = $503.394 billion <!--[[List of countries by GDP (PPP)]]-->
|GDP_PPP_rank             = ka-23
|GDP_PPP_per_capita       = $30,876
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank  = ka-15
|GDP_nominal              = $625.271 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] <!--IMF-->
|GDP_nominal_rank         = ka-16
|GDP_nominal_year         = 2005
|GDP_nominal_per_capita   = $38,618
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 10th
|sovereignty_type         = [[Kamerdékaan]]
|sovereignty_note         = [[Perang dalapan puluh taun]]
|established_event1       = Disalabarkeun
|established_event2       = Diaku
|established_date1        = [[26 Juli]] [[1581]]
|established_date2        = [[30 Januari]] [[1648]]<sup>4</sup>
|accessionEUdate          = [[25 Maret]] [[1957]] 
|HDI_year                 = 2006
|HDI                      = {{increase}} 0.947
|HDI_rank                 = ka-10
|HDI_category             = <font color="#009900">luhur</font>
|currency                 = [[Euro]] ([[Tanda Euro|€]])<sup>5</sup>
|currency_code            = EUR
|country_code             = NLD
|time_zone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset               = +1
|time_zone_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST           = +2
|cctld                    = [[.nl]]<sup>6</sup>
|calling_code             = 31
|footnotes                = <sup>1</sup> Tarjamah literal motto nyaéta "Kuring bakal ngariksa". Di dieu "ngariksa" hartina keukeuh pamadegan atawa nyekel lemah.<br /><sup>2</sup> [[Den Haag]] nyaéta dayeuh pamaréntahanana.<br /><sup>3</sup> Di Walanda, [[basa Frisia]] ogé mangrupa basa resmi (sanajan ngan diucapkan di [[Friesland]]); [[basa Low Saxon]] sarta [[basa Limburgish]] sacara resmi diaku minangka basa wewengkon.<br /><sup>4</sup> [[Katengtreman Westphalia]].<br /><sup>5</sup> Saméméh warsih 2001: [[gulden|gulden Walanda]].<br /><sup>6</sup> Domain [[.eu]] ogé dipaké, kawas anu dipaké babarengan para nagara anggota [[Uni Éropa]].
}} 
'''Walanda''' ({{lang-nl|Nederland}}) ({{IPA2|ˈne:dərlɑnt}}) nyaéta hiji nagara karajaan anu perenahna di banua [[Éropa]].  '''[[Karajaan Walanda]]''' (Basa Walanda: ''Koninkrijk der Nederlanden''), nu ngawengku Walanda,  [[Walanda Antilles]], jeung [[Aruba]]. Walanda mangrupa hiji [[karajaan konstitusional]], nu aya di beulah kulon [[Éropa]]. Walanda diwawatesan ku [[Laut Kalér]] di beulah kulon kalérna, [[Bélgia]] di beulah kidul, sarta [[Jérman]] di beulah wétanna. Wates nu kiwari aya ngadeg taun [[1839]].

Walanda sakapeung disebut minangka ''Holland''. Istilah ieu henteu bener, alatan minangka propinsi Holland Kalér sarta Holland Kidul anu perenahna di bagian kulon ieu saukur dua ti dua belas propinsi anu aya di Walanda. <!--(for more on this and other naming issues see [[Netherlands (terminology)|Netherlands terminology]]).-->

Walanda nyaéta salah sahiji nagara anu kungsi ngawasa [[Indonésia]] sarta kakara ngaku kadaulatan Indonésia dina 27 Désémber 1949, tapi ayeuna geus ngaku Indonésia merdika dina 17 Agustus 1945.

Walanda mangrupa salah sahiji nagara anu pangmundelna di dunya sarta lolobana taneuhna aya di handapeun beungeut sagara. Walanda ogé kaceluk kalayan galengan cai (''dijk''), kincir angin, kelom kai, kembang tulip, sarta sipat kabuka (liberal) masarakatna. Sipat kasebut jadi hal anu kaceluk sacara internasional. Walanda ogé jadi tempat kalungguhan [[Mahkamah Internasional]]. [[Amsterdam]] mangrupa [[puseur dayeuh]] Walanda, sarta [[Den Haag]] puseur administrasi sarta panyicingan [[Ratu Walanda]]. 
<!--
The Netherlands is a [[Population density|densely populated]] and geographically low-lying country and is popularly known for its [[windmill]]s, [[cheese]], [[Clog (shoe)|clogs]] (wooden shoes), [[Dike (construction)|dike]]s, [[tulip]]s, [[bicycle]]s and social [[Toleration|tolerance]]. Its policies are [[liberal]] toward [[drug policy of the Netherlands|drug]]s, [[prostitution in the Netherlands|prostitution]], [[same-sex marriage in the Netherlands|same-sex marriage]], [[abortion in the Netherlands|abortion]] and [[Euthanasia in the Netherlands|euthanasia]].

The Netherlands has an international outlook, and is among others member of the [[European Union]], [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and signed the [[Kyoto protocol]]. The country is host to the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia]], the [[International Court of Justice]], the [[International Criminal Court]] and the [[European Union]]'s criminal intelligence agency ([[Europol]]) at [[The Hague]]. It is also one of the [[Benelux]] nations along with Belgium and Luxembourg.

==Sajarah==
{{main|History of the Netherlands}}
Under [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], Holy Roman Emperor, and king of [[Spain]], the region was part of the [[Seventeen Provinces]] of the Netherlands, which also included most of present-day [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], and some land of [[France]] and [[Germany]]. [[1568]] saw the start of the [[Eighty Years' War]] between the provinces and Spain. In [[1579]], the northern half of the Seventeen Provinces declared itself independent from Spain, and they formed the [[Union of Utrecht]], which is seen as the foundation of the modern Netherlands. [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]], the son of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], was not prepared to let them go that easily and war continued until [[1648]] when Spain finally recognized Dutch independence.

===Républik===
After gaining formal independence from the [[Spanish Empire]] under King [[Philip IV of Spain]], the Dutch grew to become one of the major seafaring and economic powers of the 17th century during the period of the [[Republic of the Seven United Netherlands]]. In the so-called [[Dutch Golden Age]], colonies and [[trading post]]s were established all over the globe. (See [[Dutch Empire|Dutch colonial empire]])

Many economic historians regard the Netherlands as the first thoroughly [[capitalism|capitalist]] country in the world. In early modern Europe it featured the wealthiest trading city ([[Amsterdam]]) and the first full-time [[Amsterdam Stock Exchange|stock exchange]]. The inventiveness of the traders led to [[insurance]] and retirement funds as well as such less benign phenomena as the boom-bust cycle, the world's first asset-inflation bubble, the [[tulip mania]] of [[1636]]–[[1637]], and according to Murray Sayle, the world's first bear raider - Isaac le Maire, who forced prices down by dumping stock and then buying it back at a discount.<ref>"Japan Goes Dutch", ''London Review of Books'' [April 5, 2001]: 3-7).</ref>

===Karajaan===
{{see also|Kingdom of the Netherlands|Dutch monarchy}}
After briefly being incorporated in the [[First French Empire]] under [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]], the [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands]] was formed in [[1815]], consisting of the present day Netherlands, [[Belgium]] and [[Luxembourg]]. In addition, the king of the Netherlands became hereditary [[Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg|Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]. Belgium rebelled and gained independence in [[1830]], while the [[personal union]] between [[Luxembourg]] and the Netherlands was severed in [[1890]] as a result of ascendancy laws which prevented [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]] from becoming Grand Duchess.

The Netherlands possessed several colonies, most notably the [[Dutch East Indies]] (now [[Indonesia]]) and [[Suriname]] (the latter was traded with the British for [[New Amsterdam]], now known as [[New York]]). These 'colonies' were first administered by the [[Dutch East India Company]] and the [[Dutch West India Company]], both collective private enterprises. Three centuries later these companies got into financial trouble and the territories in which they operated were taken over by the Dutch government (in [[1815]] and [[1791]] respectively). Only then did they become official colonies.

During the 19th century, the Netherlands was slow to industrialise compared to neighbouring countries, mainly due to its unique infrastructure of waterways and reliance on wind power.

===Perang Dunya I & II===
The Netherlands remained neutral in [[World War I]] and intended to do so in [[World War II]]. However, [[Nazi Jérmanb]] invaded the Netherlands in [[1940]] in the Western European campaign of the Second World War. The country was quickly overrun and surrendered on May 14 after the [[bombing of Rotterdam]], although a French force held the province of [[Zeeland]] for a short time after Dutch surrender.

During the occupation over 100,000 Dutch [[Jew]]s were murdered in the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]] along with significant numbers of Dutch [[Roma people|Roma]] (Gypsies). Some Dutch e.g. members of [[Henneicke Column]] collaborated with Nazi occupiers in hunting down and arresting hiding Jews. Between 8,000 and 9,000 of Dutch Jews were rounded up in this manner and consequently deported to German [[extermination camps]] and murdered.

Dutch civilians were often treated brutally. Dutch workers were conscripted for labour in German factories, civilians were killed in reprisal for attacks on German soldiers, and the countryside was plundered for food for German soldiers in the Netherlands and for shipment to Germany. The Allied [[21st Army Group]] was given the task to conduct military operations to liberate The Netherlands after the breakout from [[Battle of Normandy|Normandy]]. British, Canadian, Polish and American soldiers fought on Dutch soil beginning in September [[1944]]. A first thrust, [[Market Garden]] north from France to Arnhem, failed. Canadian units fighting to liberate the Sheldt estuary fought their way into Holland and liberated most of the countryside, but not the urban areas of Rotterdam and Amsterdam. German forces held out until the German surrender of [[May 8]], [[1945]]. German forces killed Dutch civilians in Amsterdam on the last day of the war. The disrupted transportation system, caused by German destruction of dikes to slow allied advances, and German confiscation of much food and livestock made the winter of [[1944]]-[[1945]] one in which malnutrition and starvation were rife among the Dutch population. The country suffered a similar "severe winter" in [[1945]]-[[1946|46]] because of abnormal cold and the slow reconstruction.

After the war, the Dutch economy prospered by leaving behind an era of neutrality and gaining closer ties with neighbouring states. The Netherlands became a member of the [[Benelux]] ('''Be'''lgium, the '''Ne'''therlands and '''Lux'''embourg) cooperation. Furthermore, the Netherlands was among the twelve founding members of the [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO) and among the six founding members of the [[European Coal and Steel Community]], which would later evolve into the [[European Union]].

[[Image:dutch_flag.JPG|thumb|200px|left|Flag of the Netherlands]]

==Naming conventions==
{{main|Netherlands (terminology)}}

Various terms have been used in English to refer to the Netherlands and its inhabitants.

'(The) Netherlands' is the official name of the European part of the 'Kingdom of the Netherlands' (as opposed to overseas areas). The term '[[Holland]]' is commonly used as a synonym for the Netherlands, but it actually only refers to a region in the west of the country, which has long been the most economically powerful part of the country. The prominence of this region meant that the whole country is often referred to as 'Holland' all over the world. The country's [[Dutch (ethnic group)|people]] and [[Dutch language|language]] are called Dutch.

To add yet another layer of confusion, the word Dutch formerly meant 'from the people' (Diets), the same as German (Deutsch) in English usage, since in the early Middle Ages there was no real distinction between the Dutch and the Germans. This should be borne in mind when reading very old literature, and also accounts for the name [[Pennsylvania Dutch]], whose ancestral origins lie in Southern Germany and not the Netherlands. The term '[[Low Countries]]' is sometimes used to refer to the Netherlands, but historically it refers (as does the word Netherlands) to a bigger region in western Europe, including Belgium, Luxembourg, and a part of France, all being part of the original Netherlands. It is simply the English usage for the old Dutch name ''Nederlanden'' (now ''Nederland''). In the early Middle Ages it was considered part of the German geographical area (this is why the German ''Deutsch'' was used by the English to describe the Netherlands, becoming the English word Dutch), known as Low Germany because of its low topography, and this simply became Low Countries as the identity of the Netherlands as a separate national entity developed.

Instead of the word Dutch the word '''Netherlands''' can be used as an adjective (e.g. the Netherlands government). Alternatively, the
terms '''Netherlandish''' and '''Netherlandic''' are both used sometimes.

==Pulitik==
{{main|Politics of the Netherlands}}
The Netherlands has been a [[constitutional monarchy]] since [[1815]] and a [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] since [[1848]]; before that it had been a [[republic]] from [[1581]] to [[1806]] and a kingdom between [[1806]] and [[1810]] (it was part of [[France]] between [[1810]] and [[1813]]). The Netherlands is described as a [[Consociational state|consociational state]]. Dutch politics and governance are characterized by a common strife for broad consensus on important issues, within both the political community and society as a whole.

The [[head of state]] is the [[Dutch monarchy|monarch]], at present [[Queen Beatrix]]. Constitutionally the monarch still has considerable powers, but in practice it has become a ceremonial function. The monarch can exert most influence during the [[Politics of the Netherlands (terminology)#Formatie|formation]] of a new cabinet, where he/she serves as neutral arbiter between the political parties.

In practice the [[Executive (government)|executive power]] is formed by [[cabinet of the Netherlands|Dutch cabinet]]. Because of the [[political parties of the Netherlands|multi-party system]] no party has ever held a majority in parliament since the [[19th century]], therefore [[coalition government|cabinets]] have to be formed. The cabinet consists of around thirteen ministers of which between one and three [[minister without portfolio|ministers without portfolio]], and as many [[politics of the Netherlands (terminology)#Staatssecretaris|state secretaries]]. The [[head of government]] is the [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]], who is conventionally the leader of the largest party in the coalition. He is a [[primus inter pares]].

The cabinet is [[ministerial responsibility|responsible]] to the [[bicameralism|bicameral]] [[parliament]], the [[States-General]] which also has [[legislative|legislative powers]]. The 150 members of the [[Tweede Kamer|Second Chamber]], the [[Lower House]] are elected in [[direct election]]s, which are held every four years or after a cabinet crisis. The [[Politics of the Netherlands (terminology)#Provinciale Staten|provincial assemblies]] are directly elected every four years as well. The members of the provincial assemblies elect the 75 members of the [[Eerste Kamer|First Chamber]], the [[Upper House]], which has less legislative powers, as it can merely reject laws, not propose or amend them.

Both [[trade union]]s and [[employers organisation]]s are consulted beforehand in policymaking in the financial, economic and social areas. They meet regularly with government the [[Social-Economic Council]]. This body advises government and its advice cannot be put aside easily.

While historically the [[foreign relations of the Netherlands|Dutch foreign policy]] was characterized by [[neutral state|neutrality]], since the [[World War II|Second World War]] the Netherlands became a member of a large number of international organisations. Most prominently the [[United Nations|UN]], [[NATO]] and the [[European Union|EU]]. The Dutch economy is very open and relies on [[international trade]].

The Netherlands has a long tradition of [[Toleration|social tolerance]]. In the [[18th century]], while the [[Dutch Reformed Church]] was the [[state religion]], [[Roman Catholicism in the Netherlands|Catholicism]] and [[History of the Jews in the Netherlands|Judaism]] were tolerated. In the late [[19th century]] this Dutch tradition of religious tolerance transformed into a system of [[pillarization]], in which religious groups coexisted separately and only interacted at the level of government. This tradition of tolerance is linked to the Dutch policies on [[Drug policy of the Netherlands|recreational drugs]], [[Prostitution in the Netherlands|prostitution]], [[Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands|same-sex marriage]] and [[Euthanasia#The Netherlands|euthanasia]], which are among the most liberal in the world.

Since [[suffrage]] became universal in [[1919]] the Dutch political system has been dominated by three families of political parties: the strongest family were the [[Christian democracy|Christian democrats]] currently represented by the [[Christian Democratic Appeal]] (CDA), second were the [[social democracy|social democrats]], of which the [[PvdA|Labour Party]] (PvdA) is currently the largest party and third were the [[liberalism in the Netherlands|liberals]] of which the [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy]] (VVD) is the main representative. These cooperated in coalition cabinets in which the Christian democrats had always been partner: so either a centre left coalition of the Christian democrats and social democrats or a centre right coalition of Christian democrats and liberals. In the 1970s the party system became more volatile: the Christian democratic parties lost seats, while new parties, like the [[radicalism (historical)|radical]] [[democrat]] and [[progressive]] [[liberal]] [[D'66|D66]], became successful.

In the [[Dutch general election, 1994|1994 election]] the CDA lost its dominant position. A "[[Politics of the Netherlands (terminology)#Paars|purple]]" cabinet was formed by the VVD, D66 and PvdA. In [[Dutch general election, 2002|2002 elections]] this cabinet lost its majority, due to the rise of [[Lijst Pim Fortuyn|LPF]], a new political party around the flamboyant populist [[Pim Fortuyn]], who was shot to death a week before the elections took place. The elections also saw increased support for the CDA. A short lived [[First Balkenende cabinet|cabinet]] was formed by CDA, VVD and LPF, led by the leader of the Christian democrats, [[Jan Peter Balkenende]]. After the [[Dutch general election, 2003|2003 elections]] in which the LPF lost almost all its seats, a [[Balkenende II|cabinet]] was formed by the CDA, the VVD and D66. The cabinet initiated an ambitious program of reforming the [[welfare state]], the [[health care system]] and [[immigration policy|immigration]] policies.

In June 2006 the cabinet fell, as D66 voted in favour of a motion of no confidence against minister of immigration and integration [[Rita Verdonk]] in the aftermath of the upheaval about the asylum procedure of [[Ayaan Hirsi Ali]] instigated by the Dutch immigration minister [[Verdonk]]. A  [[Balkenende III|care taker cabinet]] was formed by CDA and VVD, and [[Dutch general election, 2006|the general elections]] were held on [[22 November]] [[2006]]. In these elections the [[Christian Democratic Appeal]] remained the largest party and the [[Socialist Party (Netherlands)|Socialist Party]] made the largest gains. The [[2006-2007 Dutch cabinet formation|formation of a new cabinet]] started two days after the elections. Initial investigations toward a CDA-SP-PvdA coalition failed, after which negotiations between the CDA, PvdA and ChristianUnion started.

The results of the elections were:
{{Netherlands general election, 2006}}

==Administrative divisions==
[[Image:Netherlands map large.png|thumb|400px|Map of the Netherlands, with red dots marking the capitals of the provinces and black dots marking the large cities. The national capital is Amsterdam, and the national seat of government is The Hague (Den Haag)]]

{{main|Provinces of the Netherlands}}
{{seealso|Ranked list of Dutch provinces|Municipalities in the Netherlands|List of cities in the Netherlands by province}}

The Netherlands is divided into twelve administrative regions, called [[province]]s, each under a [[Governor]], who is called ''Commissaris der Koningin'' (Commissioner of the Queen), except for the province [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]] where the commissioner is called Gouverneur ([[Governor]]) which underlines the more "non-Dutch" mentality.
*[[Friesland]]<ref>Since 2004 the official name of this province is 'Fryslân'; the name in the regional language (Frisian). The Dutch name, 'Friesland' is also frequently used.</ref> - north west; capital and largest city [[Leeuwarden]]
*[[Groningen (province)|Groningen]] - north east; capital and largest city [[Groningen (city)|Groningen]]
*[[Drenthe]] - south of Groningen; capital [[Assen]], largest city [[Emmen]] 
*[[Overijssel]] - east central, south of Drenthe; capital [[Zwolle]], largest city [[Enschede]]
*[[Flevoland]] - central, north of Utrecht; capital [[Lelystad]], largest city [[Almere]]
*[[Gelderland]] - east central, south of Overijssel; capital [[Arnhem]], largest city [[Nijmegen]]
*[[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]] - central; capital and largest city [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]]
*[[North Holland]] - (''Noord-Holland'') north west; capital [[Haarlem]], largest city (of the province and the country) [[Amsterdam]]
*[[South Holland]] - (''Zuid-Holland'') west central, south of North Holland; capital [[The Hague]] ('''s-Gravenhage'' or ''Den Haag''), largest city [[Rotterdam]]
*[[Zeeland]] - south west; capital and largest city [[Middelburg, Netherlands|Middelburg]]
*[[North Brabant]] - (''Noord-Brabant'') south central; capital [['s-Hertogenbosch]] (or ''Den Bosch''), largest city [[Eindhoven]]
*[[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]] - south east; capital and largest city [[Maastricht]].

All provinces are divided into [[municipality|municipalities]] (''gemeenten''), 458 in total ([[1 January]] [[2006]]).

The country is also subdivided in water districts, governed by a water board (''waterschap'' or ''hoogheemraadschap''), each having authority in matters concerning water management. As of [[1 January]] [[2005]] there are 27. The creation of water boards actually pre-dates that of the nation itself, the first appearing in [[1196]]. In fact, the Dutch water boards are one of the oldest democratic entities in the world still in existence.

==Geography==
{{main|Geography of the Netherlands}}
{{See also|Flood control in the Netherlands|Floods in the Netherlands}}
A remarkable aspect of the Netherlands is the flatness. Hilly landscapes can be found only in the central part, the south-eastern tip of the country and where the [[glacier]]s pushed up several hilly ridges such as the [[Hondsrug]] in Drenthe, the stuwwallen near [[Nijmegen]], [[Salland]], [[Twente]] and the [[Utrechtse Heuvelrug]].

===Below sea level===
About half of its surface area is less than 1 metre (3.3&nbsp;[[foot (unit of length)|ft]]) above [[sea level]], and much of it is actually below sea level.--><!-- dead link (see [http://www.minbuza.nl/default.asp?CMS_ITEM=MBZ302750 map showing these areas])--><!-- An extensive range of [[Dike (construction)|dykes]] and [[dunes]] protects these areas from flooding. Numerous massive pumping stations keep the ground water level in check. The highest point, the [[Vaalserberg]], in the south-eastern most point of the country, is 322.7 metres (1,053&nbsp;ft) above sea level. The [[Vaalserberg]] is a foothill of the [[Ardennes]] mountains. A substantial part of the Netherlands, for example, all of the province of [[Flevoland]] (contains the largest man-made island in the world) and large parts of [[Holland]], have been reclaimed from the sea. These areas are known as [[polder]]s. This not only explains why The Netherlands is called "A land won from the sea" but has also led to the famous Dutch saying "God created the world, but the Dutch created the Netherlands".

===Banjir===
In years past, the Dutch coastline has changed considerably as a result of human intervention and natural disasters. Most notable in terms of land loss are the [[1134]] storm, which created the [[archipelago]] of [[Zeeland]] in the south west, and the 1287 storm, which killed 50,000 people and created the [[Zuider Zee|''Zuiderzee'']] (now dammed in and renamed the ''IJsselmeer'' — see below) in the northwest, giving Amsterdam direct access to the sea. The [[St. Elizabeth's flood (1421)|St. Elizabeth flood]] of [[1421]] and the mismanagement in its aftermath destroyed a newly reclaimed polder, replacing it with the 72 square kilometres (28&nbsp;[[square mile|sq&nbsp;mi]]) ''[[Biesbosch]]'' tidal floodplains in the south-centre. The most recent parts of Zeeland were flooded during the [[North Sea flood of 1953|North Sea Flood of 1953]] and 1,836 people were killed, after which the [[Delta Works|''Delta Plan'']] was executed.
[[Image:Satellite image of the Netherlands in May 2000.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Satellite image of the Netherlands (ca. May 2000)]]

The disasters were partially man-made; the people drained relatively high lying swampland for use as farmland. This drainage caused the fertile [[peat]] to compress and the ground level to drop, locking the land users in a vicious circle whereby they would lower the water level to compensate for the drop in ground level, causing the underlying peat to compress even more. The vicious circle is unsolvable and remains to this day. Up until the [[19th century]] peat was dug up, dried, and used for fuel, further adding to the problem.

To guard against floods, a series of defences against the water were contrived. In the first millennium, villages and farmhouses were built on man-made hills called ''terps''. Later, these terps were connected by dikes. In the [[12th century]], local government agencies called ''"waterschappen"'' (English "water bodies") or ''"hoogheemraadschappen"'' ("high home councils") started to appear, whose job it was to maintain the water level and to protect a region from floods. (The water bodies are still around today performing the same function.) As the ground level dropped, the dikes by necessity grew and merged into an integrated system. In the [[13th century]], windmills came into use to pump water out of the areas by now below sea level. The windmills were later used to drain lakes, creating the famous [[polder]]s. In [[1932]], the ''[[Afsluitdijk]]'' (English "Closure Dike") was completed, blocking the former ''Zuiderzee'' (Southern Sea) off from the North Sea and thus creating the [[IJsselmeer]] ([[IJssel]] Lake). It became part of the larger [[Zuiderzee Works]] in which four polders totalling 1,650 square kilometres (637&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi) were reclaimed from the sea.

===Delta Works===
After the [[North Sea Flood of 1953|1953 disaster]], the [[Delta Works|Delta project]], a vast construction effort designed to end the threat from the sea once and for all, was launched in [[1958]] and largely completed in [[2002]]. The official goal of the Delta project was to reduce the risk of flooding in the Zeeland to once per 10,000 years. (For the rest of the country, the protection-level is once per 4,000 years.) This was achieved by raising 3,000 kilometres (1,864&nbsp;[[mile|mi]]) of outer sea-dikes and 10,000 kilometres (6,200&nbsp;mi) of inner, canal, and river dikes to "delta" height, and by closing off the sea [[estuary|estuaries]] of the Zeeland province. New risk assessments occasionally show problems requiring additional Delta project dike reinforcements. The Delta project is one of the largest construction efforts in human history and is considered by the [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] as one of the [[Seven Wonders of the World|seven wonders of the modern world]].

Because of the high cost of maintaining the polders some have argued that maybe some of the deepest polders should be given up. Additionally, the Netherlands is one of the countries that may suffer most from [[Climate change|climatic change]]. Not only is the rising sea a problem, but also erratic weather patterns may cause the rivers to overflow.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

===Rivers===
{{seealso|List of national parks of the Netherlands}}
The country is divided into two main parts by three rivers [[Rhine]] (''Rijn''), [[Waal]], and [[Meuse River|Meuse]] (''Maas''). These rivers not only function as a natural barrier, but also as a cultural divide, as is evident in the different [[dialect]]s spoken north and south of these "Large Rivers" (''de Grote Rivieren'') and the (former) religious dominance of Catholics in the south and Calvinists in the north. The south-western part of the Netherlands is actually one [[river delta]] of these rivers and two arms of the [[Scheldt]] (''Westerschelde & Oosterschelde'').

The predominant wind direction in the Netherlands is south-west, which causes a moderate [[Oceanic climate|maritime climate]], with cool summers and mild winters.

==Economy==
{{main|Economy of the Netherlands}}
The Netherlands has a prosperous and [[open economy]] in which the government has reduced its role since the 1980s. Industrial activity is predominantly in food-processing (for example [[Unilever]] and [[Heineken]]), chemicals (for example [[DSM (company)|DSM]]), [[petroleum]] refining (for example [[Royal Dutch Shell]]), and electrical machinery (for example [[Philips]]). [[Slochteren]] has one of the largest [[natural gas field]]s in the world, which has so far (2006) resulted in a total revenue of €159 billion since the mid 1970s. With just over half of the reserves used up and an expected continued rise in oil prices, the revenues over the next few decades are expected to be at least that much.<ref>[http://geschiedenis.vpro.nl/programmas/2899536/afleveringen/25899792/ web reference]</ref>

===Third in worldwide agricultural exports===
A highly mechanised [[agriculture|agricultural]] sector employs no more than 4% of the labour force but provides large surpluses for the food-processing industry and for exports. The Dutch rank third worldwide in value of agricultural exports, behind the [[United States]] and [[France]], with exports earning $55 billion annually. A significant portion of Dutch agricultural exports are derived from fresh-cut plants, flowers, and bulbs, with the Netherlands exporting two-thirds of the world's total. The Netherlands also exports a quarter of all world tomatoes, and one-third of the world's exports of peppers and cucumbers.<ref> http://www.fas.usda.gov/gainfiles/200501/146118432.pdf#search=%22netherlands%20main%20agriculture%20export%20flowers%22 </ref> The Netherlands' location gives it prime access to markets in the UK and Germany, with the port of Rotterdam being the largest port in Europe. Other important parts of the economy are [[international trade]] (Dutch colonialism started with cooperative private enterprises such as the [[Dutch East India Company|VOC]]), [[banking]] and [[transport]]. The Netherlands successfully addressed the issue of public finances and stagnating job growth long before its European partners.

As a founding member of the [[Euro]], the Netherlands replaced (for accounting purposes) its former [[currency]], the [[Dutch guilder|Guilder]], on [[January 1]], [[1999]], along with the other adopters of the single European currency.  Actual [[Euro coins]] and [[Euro banknotes|banknotes]] followed on [[January 1]], [[2002]]. In the first years of the third millennium, economic and employment growth came to a standstill, which the government tried to resolve by reducing expenses.

===16th largest economy===
{{see also|List of Dutch companies}}
At this moment the Netherlands is the 16th largest economy of the world, and 10th on the list of GDP (nominal) per capita. (see: [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)]], and [[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita]])Between 1998 and 2000 annual economic growth ([[GDP]]) averaged nearly 4%, well above the European average. Growth slowed considerably in 2001-05 as part of the global economic slowdown, but the first quarter of 2006 showed promising growth of 2.6%. [[Inflation]] is  1.3% and is expected to stay low at around 1.5% in the coming years. The [[Central Bureau for Statistics (The Netherlands)|CBS]] however has claimed the inflation is at 0.9%, the lowest since [[1989]]. According to the definition used by the Dutch Statistics Agency CBS, [[unemployment]] is at 5.5% of the [[labour force]]<ref>Note that people who are medically unfit for labour receive benefits and are not listed as unemployed.</ref> By [[Eurostat]] standards however, unemployment in the Netherlands is at only 3.8% - the lowest rate of all [[European Union]] member states (figures: June 2006). The Netherlands also has a relatively low [[Gini coefficient|GINI coefficient]] of 0.326.
* Economic data for the Netherlands: [http://statline.cbs.nl Dutch] [http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/start.asp?lp=Search/Search&LA=EN English]

==Demographics==
{{main|Demographics of the Netherlands}}
[[Image:Netherlands-demography.png|thumb|200px|right|Demographics of Netherlands, Data of [[FAO]], year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.]]

*[[Dutch people|Dutch]] 80.8%
*[[German people|German]] 2.4%
*[[Indonesia]]n ([[Indo|Indo-European]], Indo-Dutch, [[Maluku Islands|Moluccan]]) 2.4%
*[[Turkish people|Turks]] 2.2%
*[[Suriname]]se 2.0%
*[[Morocco|Moroccan]] 1.9%
*[[Hindoestanen|East Indians]] 1.5%
*[[Netherlands Antilles|Antillean]] and [[Aruba]]n 0.8%
*other 6.0%

The population of the Netherlands is physically the tallest in the world, with an average height of 1.83 m (6 ft) for adult males and 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) for adult females. The reasons for the increase in height are uncertain (CBS 2006).

===Population density===
The Netherlands is the 23rd [[List of countries by population density|most densely populated]] country in the world, with 395 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,023&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi)—or 484 people per square kilometre (1,254/sq&nbsp;mi) if only the land area is counted, since 18.4% is water. Partly because of this it is also one of the most densely cabled countries in the world. Internet penetration is at 65.9% the 19th highest in the world.<ref>[http://www.internetworldstats.com/top25.htm internetworldstats.com] </ref>

===Variety===
According to [[CBS Statline]], the official statistics bureau of the Netherlands, the ethnic origins of the citizens are very diverse. The vast majority of the population however still remains [[Dutch people|Dutch]]. They were: 80.8% [[Dutch people|Dutch]], 2.4% [[German people|German]], 2.4% [[Indonesia]]n ([[Indo|Indo-European]], Indo-Dutch, [[Maluku Islands|Moluccan]]), 2.2% [[Turkish people|Turks]], 2.0% [[Suriname]]se, 1.9% [[Morocco|Moroccan]], 1.5% [[East Indian|Indian]], 0.8% [[Netherlands Antilles|Antillean]] and [[Aruba]]n, and 6.0% other.<ref>http://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/CCD504EA-9D41-40C2-AE28-BFB0A51C2045/0/2005k3b15p096art.pdf </ref> However, this does not include the whole Kingdom of the Netherlands (such as the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba, which have a non-Dutch majority community), and only includes the population in the Netherlands itself. The Netherlands also has a resident population of some 200,000 people of mixed Dutch and [[Indonesia]]n descent (Indonesia being a [[Dutch East Indies|former colony]] of the Netherlands).

===Major cities===
There are no cities with a population over 1 million in the Netherlands, but the four cities of [[Amsterdam]], [[Rotterdam]], [[The Hague]] and [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] can in many ways be regarded as a single 'big city' [[conurbation]], the [[Randstad]] ('rim or edge city') with about 7 million inhabitants and an agricultural 'green heart' (het [[Groene Hart]]). The unity of this conurbation can be illustrated by the current idea effort to create a circular [[RandstadRail|train system]] connecting the four cities.

The 5 largest cities are, in order of descending population:
*[[Amsterdam]]
*[[Rotterdam]]
*[[The Hague]] ([[Den Haag]])
*[[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]]
*[[Eindhoven]]

Only [[Eindhoven]] is not located in the [[Randstad]].

===Languages===
The official language is [[Dutch language|Dutch]], which is spoken by a large majority of the inhabitants, the exception being some groups of immigrants.

Another official language is [[Frisian language|Frisian]], which is spoken in the northern province of [[Fryslân]]. Frisian is co-official only in the province of Fryslân, although with a few restrictions. Several dialects of [[Low Saxon]] (''Nedersaksisch'' in Dutch) are spoken in much of the north and east and are recognised by the Netherlands as ''regional languages'' according to the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]].

There is a tradition of learning foreign languages in the Netherlands: about 85% of the total population has basic knowledge of [[English language|English]], 55–60% of [[German language|German]] and 25% of [[French language|French]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}} Courses in Spanish, Arabic, Ancient Greek, and Latin are offered in schools as well.

==Culture==
{{Life in the Netherlands}}
{{main|Culture of the Netherlands}}
:''See also:'' [[List of museums#Netherlands|List of museums in the Netherlands]], [[Sport in the Netherlands]], [[Music of the Netherlands]], [[List of Dutch people]], [[Public holidays in the Netherlands]]

[[Image:Holbein-erasmus.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Erasmus]] (1466–1536)]]

The Netherlands has had many well-known painters. The [[17th century]], when the Dutch republic was prosperous, was the age of the "Dutch Masters" such as [[Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn|Rembrandt van Rijn]], [[Johannes Vermeer]], [[Jan Steen]] and many others. Famous Dutch [[painters]] of the [[19th century|19th]] and [[20th century]] were [[Vincent van Gogh]] and [[Piet Mondrian|Piet Mondriaan]]. [[M.C. Escher|M. C. Escher]] is a well-known graphics artist. [[Willem de Kooning]] was born and trained in [[Rotterdam]], although he is considered to have reached acclaim as an American artist. [[Han van Meegeren]] was an infamous Dutch [[art forgery|art forger]].

The Netherlands is the country of philosophers [[Erasmus|Erasmus of Rotterdam]] and [[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]], and all of [[René Descartes|Descartes]]' major work was done there. The Dutch scientist [[Christiaan Huygens]] ([[1629]]–[[1695]]) discovered Saturn's moon Titan and invented the [[pendulum clock]].

In the [[Dutch Golden Age]], [[literature]] flowered as well, with [[Joost van den Vondel]] and [[Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft|P. C. Hooft]] as the two most famous writers. In the [[19th century]], [[Multatuli]] wrote about the bad treatment of the natives in Dutch colonies. Important [[20th century]] authors include [[Harry Mulisch]], [[Jan Wolkers]], [[Simon Vestdijk]], [[Cees Nooteboom]], [[Gerard van het Reve]] and [[Willem Frederik Hermans]]. [[Anne Frank]]'s [[The Diary of a Young Girl|''Diary of a Young Girl'']] was published after she died in the Holocaust and translated from Dutch to all major languages.

Replicas of Dutch buildings can be found in Huis ten Bosch, [[Nagasaki]], [[Japan]]. A similar Holland Village is being built in [[Shenyang]], [[China]].

[[Windmill]]s, [[tulip]]s, [[Clog (shoe)|wooden shoe]]s, and [[Delftware]] pottery are among the items associated with the Netherlands.

==Miscellaneous topics==
{{columns
|width=50%
|col1 =
*[[Abortion in the Netherlands]]
*[[Carver (automobile)]] - A Dutch Built Vehicle
*[[City rights in the Netherlands]]
*[[Communications in the Netherlands]]
*[[Drug policy of the Netherlands]]
*[[Belgian Revolution|Dutch-Belgian War]]
*[[Dutch Empire|Dutch colonial empire]]
*[[Dutch people]]
*[[Education in the Netherlands]]
*[[Euthanasia#The Netherlands|Euthanasia in the Netherlands]]
*[[List of extinct animals of the Netherlands|Extinct animals of the Netherlands]]
*[[Foreign relations of the Netherlands]]
*[[General Intelligence and Security Service|General Intelligence and Security Service (AIVD)]]
*[[Geology of the Netherlands]]
*[[Income tax in the Netherlands]]
*[[Law of the Netherlands]]
*[[List of football clubs in the Netherlands]]
*[[Military of the Netherlands]]
|col2 =
{{portal|Netherlands|Flag of the Netherlands.svg}}
*Ministries:
**[[Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs]]
**[[Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science]]
**[[Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (Netherlands)]]
**[[Ministry of Public Health, Wellbeing and Sports]]
*[[Netherlands and weapons of mass destruction]]
*[[New Netherland]]
*[[NUTS:NL|Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) of the Netherlands ]]
<div style="float: right; border-width: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em;margin-bottom: 0.5em; border-style: solid; border-color: White; width: auto; overflow: hidden;border:1px solid #cccccc;padding: 3px !important;background-color:#f9f9f9;font-size: 94%;text-align: center;">
<div style="width:152px; text-align: center;">{{NavigationNetherland}}
<div class="thumbcaption">
Click on the provinces for more detailed information</div>
</div>
</div>
*[[Prostitution in the Netherlands]]
*[[Public holidays in the Netherlands]]
*[[Reporters Without Borders]] worldwide press freedom index 2004 — first place
*[[Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands]]
*[[Statistics Netherlands]]
*[[Tourism and recreation in the Netherlands|Tourism in the Netherlands]]
*[[Transportation in the Netherlands]]
}}
-->

== Catetan suku ==
{{Reflist}}

== Rujukan ==
* [http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/table.asp?PA=7068eng&D1=69-134&D2=(l-11)-l&DM=SLEN&LA=en&TT=2 Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek], 2006. Statistik Kaséhatan taun[[2000]] (tabel data dina basa Inggris). Diaksés 17 Juni 2006.

== Bibliografi ==
* Paul Arblaster. ''A History of the Low Countries''. Palgrave Essential Histories Series New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. 298 pp. ISBN 1-4039-4828-3.
* J. C. H. Blom and E. Lamberts, eds. ''History of the Low Countries'' (1998) 
* Jonathan Israel. ''The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477-1806'' (1995)
* J. A. Kossmann-Putto and E. H. Kossmann. ''The Low Countries: History of the Northern and Southern Netherlands'' (1987)

== Tumbu kaluar ==
<!--{{sisterlinks|the Netherlands}}
{{wikiatlas|the Netherlands}}
=== Sajarah, géografi jeung pulitik ===
* [http://overheid.nl/english/ Overheid.nl] - official Dutch government portal (includes official publications from 1995; older ones are only available in some libraries, on paper or [[microfiche]])
* [http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_the_Netherlands:_Primary_Documents History of the Netherlands: Primary Documents]
* [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Netherlands,-The Encyclopaedia Britannica's The Netherlands Country Page]
* [http://www.sdu.nl/staatscourant/gemeentes/gemprovin.htm Province maps showing subdivision in municipalities, and linking each municipality to its basic data page]
* [http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1104447749&men=gmap&lng=en&gln=xx&dat=32&geo=-160&srt=npan&col=aohdq Maps and data]
* [http://www.swaen.com/old_map_images.htm?zoomifyImagePath=http://www.swaen.com/os/zoom/22834/ Manuscript chart of the Netherlands, VOC, ca.1690] (high resolution zoomable scan)
* {{statoids|id=unl|title=Provinces of Netherlands}}
* [http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/cijfers/default.htm CBS] - Key figures from the Dutch bureau of statistics
* [http://www.colonialvoyage.com Dutch Portuguese Colonial History] Dutch Colonial History in Sri Lanka, Ceylon, Brazil, India, Malacca (Malaysia), Bengal, Formosa(Taiwan), South Africa, New York, Caribbean, Indonesia. Language Heritage. Maps, chronologies, bibliographies.
* [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572410/Netherlands.html Encarta entry on the Netherlands]
* [http://flagspot.net/flags/nl-index.html Flagspot.net - the Netherlands]- site about flags, but also with province maps showing municipalities, and some other info
* Foreign government info about the Netherlands and their relations with it: <br />[http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/netherlands/index.html Australia] | [http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/canadaeuropa/country_net-en.asp Canada] | [http://meaindia.nic.in/foreignrelation/netherland.htm India] | [http://www.esteri.it/eng/3_22_40_214.asp Italy] | [http://www.mfat.govt.nz/foreign/regions/europe/countrypapers/netherlands.html New Zealand] | [http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/netherlands.html South Africa] | [http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029394365&a=KCountryProfile&aid=1019061813313 UK] | [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3204.htm US]-->
* [http://www.government.nl Government.nl] - official Dutch government web site
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Netherlands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515122703/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html |date=2020-05-15 }}
* [http://www.internetgemeentegids.nl/ Netherlands info] - Information about the Netherlands, (Dutch)
* [http://www.amsterdam-netherlands.info/ Amsterdam / Netherlands info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318040024/http://www.amsterdam-netherlands.info/ |date=2007-03-18 }} - Information about the Netherlands, its provinces and Amsterdam
* [http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/Harreld.Dutch Dutch economy in the Golden Age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165043/http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/Harreld.Dutch |date=2007-09-30 }}
* [http://www.turkishweekly.net/interview.php?id=161 Changing Migration Strategy of The Netherlands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820000408/http://www.turkishweekly.net/interview.php?id=161 |date=2007-08-20 }}
<!--
=== Pindah ka Walanda ===
* [http://www.justlanded.com/english/netherlands/ Just Landed Netherlands] - Useful info for moving to the Netherlands
* Dutch news: [http://www.rnw.nl/ Radio Netherlands], [http://www.expatica.com/source/site_content_subchannel.asp?subchannel_id=1 Expatica]
* [http://www.nlplanet.com/ NL Planet] - English language resources, background information and free forums
-->
=== Jalan-jalan ===
{{wikivoyage|Netherlands}}
* [http://www.traveldir.org/netherlands/ Netherlands Travel Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615195146/http://www.traveldir.org/netherlands/ |date=2006-06-15 }}
* [http://www.travel2netherlands.com Picture Gallery of Netherlands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028110151/http://www.travel2netherlands.com/ |date=2016-10-28 }}
* [http://www.netherlands.info/Introduction.html Netherlands.Info Tourist Guide for The Netherlands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070325213919/http://www.netherlands.info/Introduction.html |date=2007-03-25 }}
<!--
=== Rupa-rupa ===
* [http://www.deltaworks.org Deltaworks Online - Flood protection and water management in the Netherlands]
* [http://gallery.funonthenet.in/Places/Holland-Keukenhof-Gardens/ Keukenhof Flower Gardens] Pictures of the flower garden in Netherlands
* [http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/index.jsp The Dutch Royal Family]
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dutch Dutch for English speakers] (from [[Wikibooks]])
* [http://www.skyscrapercity.info/200.php?id=4&country=NL&limit=0 List of approx. 1500 tall buildings in the Netherlands]
* [http://www.gezelligcanada.com Gezellig Canada for Dutch Canadians]
* [http://www.gezelligusa.com Gezellig USA (America) for Dutch Americans]
* [http://www.nlborrels.com NLBorrels, a global network for Dutch Expatriates]
* [http://www.world-cams.be/index.php?country=netherlands Webcams in The Netherlands]
* [http://www.thekaart.nl/ Locations in The Netherlands]

{{Template group
|title = Geographic locale
|list  =
{{Countries of Europe}}
{{North Sea}}
}}
{{Template group
|title = International organizations
|list  = 
{{EU members}}
{{Council of Europe members}}
{{OECD}}
{{NATO}}
{{WTO}}
}}
-->

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