Témbongkeun sumber pikeun Arménia

{{Infobox country
|native_name = Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն<br />''Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun''
|conventional_long_name = Républik Arménia
|common_name = Arménia
|image_flag =Flag of Armenia.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Armenia.svg
|image_map = Armenia_(orthographic_projection).svg
|national_anthem = [[Mer Hayrenik|Մեր Հայրենիք]] <br />''Mer Hayrenik''<br /><center>[[Gambar:Mer Hayrenik instrumental.ogg]]</center>
|official_languages = [[Basa Arménia]]<ref>[http://www.president.am/library/constitution/eng/?chapter=1&pn=1 The Constitution of the Republic of Armenia, Article 12] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522152747/http://www.president.am/library/constitution/eng/?chapter=1&pn=1 |date=2012-05-22 }}.</ref>
|ethnic_groups = 97,9% [[Urang Arménia|Arménia]], <br />1,3% [[Yazidi]], <br />0.5% [[Urang Rusia|Rusia]], <br />0,3% nu lian.<ref>Asatryan, Garnik; Arakelova, Victoria (Yerevan 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080813025239/http://www.hra.am/file/minorities_en.pdf The Ethnic Minorities in Armenia]. Part of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]]</ref>
|capital = [[Yerevan]]
|latd=40 |latm=11 |latNS=N |longd=44 |longm=31 |longEW=E
|largest_city = [[Yerevan]]
|government_type = [[Sistim présidénsial|Républik présidénsial]]<ref>[http://www.president.am/library/constitution/eng/?chapter=3&pn=1 The Constitution of the Republic of Armenia, Article 55] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522150903/http://www.president.am/library/constitution/eng/?chapter=3&pn=1 |date=2012-05-22 }}.</ref>
|leader_title1 = [[Présidén Arménia|Présidén]]
|leader_title2 = [[Perdana Mentri Arménia|Perdana Mentri]]
|leader_name1 = [[:hy:Վահագն Խաչատուրյան|Vahagn Khachaturyan]] (Վահագն Խաչատուրյան)
|leader_name2 = [[:hy:Նիկոլ Փաշինյան|Nikol Pashinyan]] (Նիկոլ Փաշինյան)
|sovereignty_type = Formasi jeung kamerdikaan
|established_event1 = Kaping tradisional
|established_date1 = [[11 Agustus]] [[2492 SM]]
|established_event2 = [[Nairi]]
|established_date2 = 1200&nbsp;SM
|established_event3= [[Urartu|Karajaan Ararat]]
|established_date3 = 840-an SM
|established_event4 = [[Dinasti Orontid]]
|established_date4 = 560&nbsp;SM
|established_event5 = [[Karajaan Arménia (kuna)|Karajaan Arménia]]<br />diwangun
|established_date5 = <br />190&nbsp;SM
|established_event6 = [[Républik Démokratik Arménia]] ngadeg
|established_date6 = <br />28 Méi 1918
|established_event7 = Kamerdikaan<br />ti [[Uni Soviét]]<div style="float:right;" >Didéklarasikeun<br />Diakuan<br />Dibéréskeun</div>
|established_date7 = <br /><br />23 Agustus 1990<br />21 Séptember 1991<br />25 Désémber 1991
| area_km2               = 29,743
| area_rank              = 138th
| area_sq_mi             = 11,484 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| percent_water          = 4.71<ref name="cia-fact">{{cite web |title=The World Fact Book – Armenia |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/ |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=17 July 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104184358/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/ |date=4 January 2021 }}</ref>
| population_estimate    = {{decreaseNeutral}} 2,963,900<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.armstat.am/en/?nid=12&id=19001&submit=Search |title=Statistics |access-date=July 2, 2021 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504163115/https://www.armstat.am/en/?nid=12&id=19001&submit=Search |date=May 4, 2021 }}</ref>
| population_census      = {{nowrap|{{decreaseNeutral}} 3,018,854<ref name="Armenia information">{{cite web |url=http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99475033.pdf |title=Statistical Service of Armenia |publisher=Armstat |access-date=20 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010144321/http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99475033.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010144321/http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99475033.pdf |date=10 October 2017 }}</ref><ref name="News.am">{{cite news |title=Armenia Population |url=http://countrymeters.info/en/Armenia |agency=countrymeters.info |access-date=24 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626115837/http://countrymeters.info/en/Armenia |archive-date=26 June 2015 |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626115837/http://countrymeters.info/en/Armenia |date=26 June 2015 }}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->}}
| population_estimate_year = Q1 2021
| population_estimate_rank = 137th
| population_census_year = 2011
| population_census_rank = 
| population_density_km2 = 101.5
| population_density_sq_mi = 262.9 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| population_density_rank = 99th
| GDP_PPP                = {{nowrap|$43.550 billion<ref name="IMF GDP">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October/weo-report?c=911,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2023&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2021 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=3 January 2022 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027054546/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October/weo-report?c=911,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2023&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |date=27 October 2022 }}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->}}
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2021
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = $14,701<ref name="IMF GDP"/>
| GDP_nominal            = {{nowrap|$13.612 billion<ref name="IMF GDP"/>}}
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2021
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 127th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4,595<ref name="IMF GDP"/>
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 104th
| Gini                   = 29.9 <!--number only-->
| Gini_year              = 2019
| Gini_change            = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref               = <ref name=WB1>{{cite web |url= https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=AM |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) - Armenia |publisher= [[World Bank]] |access-date= 17 June 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181121041937/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=AM |archive-date= 21 November 2018 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121041937/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |date=21 November 2018 }}</ref>
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.776 <!--number only-->
| HDI_year               = 2019 <!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change             = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref                = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215063955/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf |date=15 December 2020 }}</ref>
| HDI_rank               = 81st
| currency               = [[Armenian dram|Dram]]&nbsp;([[Armenian dram sign|֏]])
| currency_code          = AMD
| time_zone              = [[Armenia Time|AMT]]
| utc_offset             = +4
| date_format            = [[date format|dd/mm/yyyy]]
| electricity            = [[mains electricity|230V-50Hz]]
| drives_on              = [[driving side|Right]]
| calling_code           = [[Telephone numbers in Armenia|374]]
| cctld                  = {{unbulleted list |[[.am]] |[[.հայ]]}}
| religion_year          = 
| today                  = 
| official_website       = [https://www.gov.am/ www.gov.am]
}}

'''Républik Arménia''' atawa dikenal sabagé '''Arménia''' hungkul ('''Հայաստան''', ''Hayastan'', '''Հայք''', ''Hayq''), nyaéta nagara Éropa-Asia nu wewengkon daratna kacapit ku nagara lian. Nagara ieu tepung wates jeung [[Turki]] di kulon, [[Géorgia]] di kalér, [[Azerbaijan]] di wétan, jeung [[Iran]] sarta [[éksklave]] [[Nakhichevan]] (bogana Azerbaijan) di kidul. Arménia téh anggota ti Déwan Éropa jeung Pasarikatan Nagara-Nagara Merdéka ogé dina arabad jadi wewengkon ngaliwat jeung pameuntasan wewengkon wétan jeung kulon.

== Étimologi ==
Dina basa Arménia, nagara éta dinamian ''Hayq'', jeung saterasna ''Hayastan'', nu hartina taneuh ti urang-urang Haik, panambahan istilahna jadi nami Haik bagian ti rarangkén ‘-stan’ anu dina basa Pérsia hartina taneuh (''land''). Dumasar kana légenda, Haik téh katurunan ti [[Nuh|Nabi Nuh]] nu mangrupa moyang ti sakabéh urang Arménia (dumasar kana tradisi Arménia kuna).

Haik nyicing dina sukuna [[Gunung Ararat]]{{citation needed}}, jeung ninggalan Arménia pikeun nulungan diwangunna Munara Babel, wanci manéhna mulih, manéhna diéléhan ku Bel, Raja Babilonia (sababaraha panalungtik nganggap manéhna diéléhan ku [[Nimrod]] dina kaping 11 Agustus 2492 SM deukeut [[dano Van]], di kidul Arménia kuna (ayeuna kaasup wewengkon [[Turki]]).

Hayq téh nami nu diberéan ka Arménia ku nagara-nagara lian nu ngurilingan manéhna. Nami ieu dibantun ti séké pangkuatna anu nyicingan wewengkon Arménia kuna, jeung ngawastaan manéhna ‘’Armens’’. Tradisionalna nami ieu diturunan ti ''Armenak'' atawa ''Aram'' (katurunan Haik). Dumasar kana panalungtikan nu dilaksanakeun ti sisi Yahudi jeung Kristen, nami ‘Armenia’ dicandak ti ''Har-Minni'' nu hartina ''Gunung Minni'' (atawa Mannai). Panjelasan nu dicandak ti wanci pra-Kristen nganggap ''Nairi'', nu hartina taneuh nu dikucuran ku walungan-walungan, téh nami kuno anu dibéré pikeun wewengkon pagunungan nu aya di nagara éta jeung nami ieu digunaan ku bangsa Assyria kira-kira taun 1200 SM; tapi Naskah Behistun nu aya di Iran jeung dilansiran asalna ti taun 521 SM nulisan Arménia.

== Sajarah ==
Arménia geus dicicingan ku manusa ti jaman prasajarah. Arménia téh wewengkon kakaisaran nu loba budayana nepi ka ahir abad 1, jeung wewengkonna ngampar ti Laut Hideung nepi ka Laut Kaspia sarta Laut Meditérania dina jaman pamaréntahan Tigranés Ageung. Tapi lokasi stratégis Arménia nu aya di antara dua banua geus jadi magnét ka loloba panjajah, kaasup bangsa Assyria, Pérsia, Yunani, Romawi, Bizantium, Mongol, Arab, Turki Ottoman, jeung Mongolia. Dina 301 M, Arménia jadi nagara kahiji di dunya nu ngakuan Agama Kristen sabagé agama resmi nagara.

Dina taun 1813 jeung 1828, Arménia modérn (diwangun ti Érivan jeung Karabakh nu masih mangrupa wewengkon kasultanan Pérsia) dijadikeun salah sahiji wewengkon Kakaisaran Rusia pikeun samentara. Ayana Révolusi Bolshévik di Pétrograd ngabisaan Arménia jadi républik merdéka dina waktos nu singket, teras jadi bagian ti Uni Soviét deui. Wewengkon Arménia anu diparéntahan ku Uni Soviét teras digabungkeun jeung wewengkon Géorgia jeung Azerbaijan jadi [[Républik Sosialis Soviét Transkaukasus]] dina taun 1922 jeung 1936. Teras dina taun 1936 nepi ka 1991, Arménia jadi wewengkon sorangan salaku Arménia SSR sanajan masih bagian ti Uni Soviét.

Arménia masih boga konflik jeung Azerbaijan ngeunaan Nagorno-Karabakh. Ceuk Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh jadi bagian ti Azerbaijan lantaran kalakua Stalin nu ngasupkeun wewengkon éta jadi bagian ti Soviét Azerbaijan. Konflik militér antara Arménia jeung Azerbaijan dimimitian dina taun 1988, jeung perang muncak waktos kadua nagara merdéka ti Uni Soviét taun 1991. Dina bulan Méi 1994, waktos gencatan sanjata, angkatan perang Arménia bisa nyokot heunteu ngan Nagorno-Karabakh tapi wewengkon séjénna ogé nu dipapaséaan jeung Azerbaijan jeung dibéjaan sabagé hakna.

== Politik ==
Pamaréntah Arménia netepkeun ngawangun démokrasi parleménter ala kulon salaku dasar ti rupa pamaréntahanna. Rék naon ogé, panempo internasioal geus narosan kaadilan ti pamilihan parlemén jeung  présidén Arménia jeung réferéndum konstitusionalna ti 1995, ngomongkeun défisiénsi pamungutan sora, kirangna kokoperasi ku komisi pamilihan, jeung pangurusan daptar pamilihan jeung lokasi pamungutan. Sanajan lolobaanna Arménia katelah meujeuhna salah sahiji nagara anu leuwih pro-démokratik dina CIS (''Commonwealth of Independent States'').

Parlemén tunggal (atawa Majelis Nasional) diatur ku hiji koalisi tina tilu partéy politik: partéy konsérvatif Républik, Fédérasi Revolusionér Arménia, jeung partéy Nagara Hukum. Oposisi utamina diwangun ku sababawaha partéy alit anu gabung dina Blok Kaadilan.

Urang Arménia raloba nyoraan pikeun merdéka dina réferéndum dina Séptémber 1991. Levon Ter-Petrossian jadi présidén nepi ka Januari 1998, wanci démonstrasi umum ngalawan pamaréntahan manéhna nu teterusan otoritér jeung kawijakan doméstik jeung luarna maksa manéhna mundur. Dina taun 1999, salaku Perdana Menteri Vazgen Sargsian, Juru Omonf Parlemén Karen Demirchian, jeung 6 pajabat lian ditelasan dina panarajangan di Majelis Nasional, nagara ngalaman politik anu heunteu stabil dina hiji wanci. Présidén Robert Kocharian ngurangan karusuhan, jeung ayeuna maréntah jeung didukung ku koalisi parlemén.

== Propinsi ==
Arménia dibagi kana 11 [[propinsi]] (''marz''): 
[[Gambar:ArmeniaNumbered.png|right|thumb|Peta babagian propinsi Arménia]]
# [[Propinsi Aragatsotn]] (Արագածոտնի մարզ)
# [[Propinsi Ararat]] (Արարատի մարզ)
# [[Propinsi Armavir]] (Արմավիրի մարզ)
# [[Propinsi Gegharkunik]] (Գեղարքունիքի մարզ)
# [[Propinsi Kotayk]] (Կոտայքի մարզ)
# [[Propinsi Lori]] (Լոռու մարզ)
# [[Propinsi Shirak]] (Շիրակի մարզ)
# [[Propinsi Syunik]] (Սյունիքի մարզ)
# [[Propinsi Tavush]] (Տավուշի մարզ)
# [[Propinsi Vayots Dzor]] (Վայոց Ձորի մարզ)
# [[Yérévan]] (Երևան)

== Basa ==
Lalobaannana [[basa Arménia]] (92%) [[basa Rusia]] (8%).

== Géografi ==
Arménia téh nagara kakurung (teu boga wewengkon laut) dina Kaukasus kidul. Lokasina antara Laut Hideung jeung Laut Kaspia. Arménia tepung wates jeung Géorgia di kalér, Azerbaijan di wétan, Iran di kidul, jeung Turki di kulon. Géografisna aya di Asia Kulon, politis jeung budayana, Arménia miripan ka Éropa.{{Citation needed}} Arménia luasna kirang leuwih 30.000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.
<br><gallery caption="Arménia">
Yerevan-Cascade-28-Stadtblick-2019-gje.jpg|Yerevan
Geghard-Kathogike-10-2019-gje.jpg|Geghard
Vagharshapat-St Hripsime-20-Sarkophag-2019-gje.jpg|Vagharshapat
Khor Virap-02-vor Ararat-2019-gje.jpg|Khor Virap
Sevanavank-Sevansee-04-Apostelkirche-Muttergotteskirche-2019-gje.jpg|Sevanavank
Yerevan-26-Kreuzstein aus Tsatgegh Provinz Yerznka 1169 2015-2019-gje.jpg|Khatchkar
</gallery>

== Rujukan ==
<references/>

== Tempo ogé ==
* [[Arménia SSR]]
* [[Daptar nagara]]

== Tumbu luar ==
{{commons|Category:Armenia|Arménia}}
{{wikivoyage|Armenia|Arménia}}
* {{en}} [http://www.president.am/president/eng/ Situs Kaprésidénan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112210802/http://www.president.am/president/eng/ |date=2007-11-12 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.armeniadiaspora.com/ ArmeniaDiaspora.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228205244/http://www.armeniadiaspora.com/ |date=2011-12-28 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.armeniapedia.org Armeniapedia]
* {{en}} [http://www.armenica.org Armenica.org]
* {{en}} [http://www.armenianhouse.org/ ArmenianHouse.org]

{{Armenia topics|state=uncollapsed}}
{{Administrative divisions of Armenia|state=collapsed}}
{{Cities and towns in Armenia}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Armenia}}
{{Template group
|title = [[Gambar:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]{{Spaces}}Géografi lokal
|list =
{{Countries and regions of the Caucasus}}
{{Countries of Western Asia}}
{{asia}}
{{Sovereign states of Europe}}
}}
{{Template group
|title = Kaanggotaan internasional
|list =
{{Armenia ties}}
{{Council of Europe}}
{{Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)|state=collapsed}}
{{La Francophonie|state=collapsed}}
{{World Trade Organization}}
{{Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)}}
}}
{{National personifications}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Armenia}}
[[Kategori:Arménia| ]]
[[Kategori:Nagara di Asia Kulon]]
[[Kategori:Nagara di Éropa]]
[[Kategori:Nagara dwibuana]]
[[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Rusia]]
[[Kategori:Kaukasus]]
[[Kategori:Asia Kulon]]
[[Kategori:Nagara Wétan Deukeut]]
[[Kategori:Nagara nu dilingkung]]
[[Kategori:Républik]]
[[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1991]]
[[Kategori:Anggota CIS]]
[[Kategori:Anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]


{{nagara-geo-stub|Arménia}}