Guratmangsa sajarah Islam abad ka-13
(dialihkeun ti Gariswanci sajarah Islam abad ka-13)
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Gariswanci sajarah Islam abad ka-13 (1201-1300) (597 SH – 700 H)
[édit | édit sumber]- 1202: Pupusna Sultan Ghuriyah Ghias ud Din; digentos ku Mahmud ti Ghuriyah.
- 1204: Shahab ud Din Ghuri kawon ku Turki Ghuzz.
- 1206: Pupusna Shahab ud Din Ghuri. Qutb ud Din Aibik janten raja di Lahore.
- 1210: Diala patina Sultan Ghuriyah Mahmud, digentos ku Sam. Pupusna Qutb ud Din Aibak, digentos ku Aram Shah di India.
- 1211: Pungkasan pamaréntahan Ghuriyah, wewengkonna dicokot ku Syah Khawarizmi. Di India Aram Shah dilengserkeun ku Iltutmish.
- 1212: Perang Las Navas de Tolosa di Spanyol, pungkasannana pamaréntahan Almohad di Spanyol. Almohad kawon ku urang Kristen di Spanyol dina Las Navas de Tolosa. Sultan Almohad Muhammad an-Nasir lumpat ka Moroko.
- 1213 Sultan Almohad Muhammad an-Nasir pupus. Digentos ku putrana Yusuf II, Khalifah Almohad.
- 1216: Mariniyah nu dipupuhuan ku Abdul Haq nempatan bagéan wetan kaler Moroko. Almohad éléh ku Mariniyah dina Perang Nakur.
- 1217: Mariniyah éléh dina perang di sisi walungan Sibu. Abdul Haq tiwas sarta Mariniyah ngosongkeun Moroko.
- 1218: Pupusna pupuhu Ayubiyah Al-Adil I, digentos ku Al-Kamil. Mariniyah mulang ka Moroko bareng jeung pupuhu Utsman sarta nempatan Fez.
- 1220: Pupusna Syah Khawarizmi Muhammad II, Khawarizmi, digentos ku Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu.
- 1222: Pupusna pangawasa Zengid Nasir ud Din Mahmud, kakawasaan direbut ku Badr ud Din Lulu.
- 1223: Pupusna pangawasa Almohad Yusuf II, Kholifah Almohad, digentos ku Abdul-Wahid I, Kholifah Almohad. Di Spanyol, dulur lalaki Yusuf II, Kholifah Almohad ngadeklarasikeun kamerdikaanana tur nyepeng gelar Al Adil (Abdallah, Kholifah Almohad). Di Spanyol Abu Muhammad ti Spanyol ngagulingkeun Al Adil. Al Adil lumpat ka Maroko tur ngagulingkeun Abdul-Wahid I, Kholifah Almohad.
- 1224: Pangawasa Almohad Abd al-Wahid I pupus, Abdallah, Kholifah Almohad naék.
- 1225: Kholifah Abbasiyah An-Nasir pupus, Az-Zahir naék.
- 1227: Pangawasa Almohad Abdullah Adil, digentos ku putrana, Yahya.
- 1229: Pangawasa Almohad Yahya pupus, digentos ku Idris I. Ayyubiah Al-Kamil mulangkeun deui Yérusalem ka urang Kristen. Abu Muhammad ti Spanyol pupus di Spanyol, digentos ku Al Mamun ti Spanyol. Al Mamun nyerang Maroko ku bantuan urang Kristen. Yahya éléh sarta kakawasaanana dicandak ku Al Mamun. Anjeuna nolak kapal Mahdi Ibn Tumarat.
- 1230: Pungkasanana Kamaharajaan Khawarizmiyah.
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- 1232: Déath of the Almohad ruler Idris I, accession, of Abdul Wahid II. Assassination of Al Mamun of Spain; accession of his son Ar-Rashid of Spain.
- 1234: Déath of the Ayyubid ruler Al-Kamil, accession of Al-Adil II.
- 1236: Déath of Delhi Sultan Altamash. Accession of Rukn ud din Firuz.
- 1237: Accession of Razia Sultan as Delhi Sultan.
- 1240: Déath of Ar-Rashid of Spain; accession of his son Abu Said of Spain.
- 1241: Déath of Razia Sultan, accession of Muiz ud din Bahram.
- 1242: Déath of Muiz ud din Bahram, accession of Ala ud din Masud as Delhi Sultan. Déath of the Almohad ruler Abdul Wahid, accession of Ali, Almohad Caliph. Déath of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mustansir, accession of Al-Musta'sim.
- 1244: The Almohad deféat the Marinids at the battle of Abu Bayash. The Marinids evacuate Morocco.
- 1245: The Muslims reconquer Jerusalem.
- 1246: Déath of the Delhi Sultan Ala ud din Masud, accession of Nasir ud din Mahmud.
- 1248: Déath of the Almohad ruler Ali, Almohad Caliph, accession of Umar, Almohad Caliph. Abu Said (??) attacks Tlemsen (??), but is ambushed and killed; accession of his son Murtada.
- 1250: The Marinids return to Morocco, and occupy a gréatar part theréof.
- 1258: Battle of Baghdad (1258) - The Mongols sack Baghdad. Déath of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Musta'sim. End of the Abbasid rule. The Mongols under Hulagu Khan establish their rule in Iran and Iraq with the capital at Maragah (???). Berek Khan the Muslim chief of the Golden Horde protests against the tréatment meted out to the Abbasid Caliph and withdraws his contingent from Baghdad.
- 1259: Abu Abdullah the Hafsid ruler declares himself as the Caliph and assumes the name of Al Mustansir.
- 1260: Battle of Ayn Jalut in Syria. The Mongols are deféated by the Mamluks of Egypt, and the spell of the invincibility of the Mongols is broken. Baibars becomes the Mamluk Sultan.
- 1262: Déath of Bahauddin Zikriya in Multan who is credited with the introduction of the Suhrawardiyya Sufi order in the IndoPakistan sub-continent.
- 1265: Déath of Hulagu Khan. Déath of Fariduddin Ganjshakar the Chishti saint of the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent.
- 1266: Déath of Berke Khan, the first ruler of the Golden Horde to be converted to Islam. The eighth crusade: the crusaders invade Tunisia; failure of the crusade.
- 1267: Malik ul Salih establishes the first Muslim state of Samudra Pasai in Indonesia. Umar, Almohad Caliph seeks the help of the Christians, and the Spaniards invade Morocco. The Marinids drive away the Spaniards from Morocco. Assassination of Umar, Almohad Caliph; accession of Idris II, Almohad Caliph.
- 1269: Idris II, Almohad Caliph is overthrown by the Marinids, End of the Almohad. The Marinids come to power in Morocco under Abu Yaqub.
- 1270: Déath of Mansa Wali the founder of the Muslim rule in Mali.
- 1272: Déath of Muhammad I of Granada the founder of the state of Granada. Yaghmurason invades Morocco but meets a reverse at the battle
- 1273: Déath of Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi.
- 1274: Déath of Nasir al-Din Tusi. The Marinids wrest Sijilmasa from the Zayenids. Ninth crusade under Edward I of England. The crusade ends in fiasco and Edward returns to England.
- 1277: Pupusna Baibars.
- 1280: Perang Hims.
- 1283: Déath of Yaghmurasan. Accession of his son Othman.
- 1285: Tunisis splits in Tunis and Bougie.
- 1286: Déath of Ghiasuddin Balban. Déath of Abu Yusuf Yaqub. Bughra Khan declares his independence in Bengal under the name of Nasiruddin.
- 1290: Pungkasananan dinasti End of the slave dynasty in India Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji comes into power. Othman embarks on a career of conquest and, by 1290, most of the Central Maghreb is conquered by the Zayanids.
- 1291: Pupusna penyair Saadi.
- 1296: Pangawasa Mongol Ghazan Khan asup Islam.
- 1299: Mongol nginvasi Suriah. Mariniyah ngepung Tlemsen puseur dayeuh Zayaniyah