Perang Dunya I
Perang Dunya I nujul ka perang sababaraha nagara nu lumangsung di Éropa antara taun 1914 jeung 1918. Perang ieu ngabalukarkeun palastrana jutaan jalma sarta ngarobah kaayaan dunya modéren. Dina ieu perang, Sekutu (Allied Powers) nu diluluguan ku Prancis, Karajaan Rusia, Karajaan Inggris, Itali, sarta salajengna AS, ngéléhkeun Kakuatan Tengah (Central Powers) nu diluluguan ku Austria-Hungaria, Karajaan Jérman, jeung Kasultanan Usmani.
Sajarah Perang Dunya I lumangsung di Éropa mimiti taun 1914 sarta lekasan dina 1918. Faktor nu nyieun peperangan nagara-nagara kulon ieu salah sahijina dipicu ku persaingan industri sarta militer antara Jérman kalawan Inggris. Saprak taun 1910 dugi 1914, Jérman naekkeun anggaran pertahanan sagedé 73 persén. Perkawis ieu dipigawé Jérman margi basa éta aya anceman kakiatan militer ti nagara Éropa lain, utamana Inggris anu ngawasa saparapat wilayah dunya, ku kituna produksi persenjataan militer diprioritaskeun. Ti dieu, industri parabot militér di wilayah Éropa ogé marak diutamikeun deui ku nagara-nagara lain. Tujuanana pikeun maranéhanana bisa ngabéla diri ti serangan-serangan lamun hiji wanci boga potensi lumangsung.[1]
Perang Dunya I jalaran ku industri militer anu marak ditaékkeun nagara-nagara Eropa. Kaliwat, maranéhanana anu rumaos peryogi rerencangan sabot pahareup-hareup kalawan satru ahirna ngawangun kubu-kubu (aliansi). Pembentukan aliansi ieu oge barobah kaayaan cukang lantaran Perang Dunya I. Wanci éta, aya dua kubu anu silih pahareup-hareup Triple Alliance atawa Aliansi Tilu sarta Triple Entente atawa Entente Tilu. Dina The Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide with Texts (suntingan John Grenville sarta Bernard Wasserstein) diungkabkeun, Triple Alliance mangrupa persekutuan antara Kekaisaran Jerman, Austria-Hongaria, sarta Italia anu saleresna atos dijieun saprak warsih 1882. Sedengkeun Triple Entente diwangun ti Kekaisaran Rusia, Republik Katilu Prancis, sarta Karajaan Inggris Raya sarta Irlandia anu geus lumangsung ti taun 1894. Sabot dua kubu kasebat dijieun deui dina lalampahan dekadeu kadua abad ka-20, Italia tétéla milih nyeberang ka kubu Triple Entente. Posisi Italia di Triple Alliance saterusna digantikeun ku Kekaisaran Turki Usmani.[2]
Kronologi Mimiti Perang
[édit | édit sumber]Perang Dunya I ahirna ngajelegur sabot putra makuta Austria-Hongaria, Franz Ferdinand, dipaéhan. Perkara ieu matak pihak Austria-Hongaria jeung Triple Alliance milampah serangan ka kulon (Prancis). Dalang di wangsul kajadian pembunuhan kasebat disangka dimimitian ku Sérbia. Inggris anu usaha ngadamaikeun ngaliwatan dialog tétéla éléh sora ti Jérman. Sedengkeun Austria-Hongaria hayang perang. Jérman jeung Austria-Hongaria ngalancarkeun serangan ka Bélgia anu kabeungkeut jangji-pasini kalawan Prancis sarta Inggris. Perkara ieu matak Prancis sarta Inggris ahirna kudu milu dina perang. Taun 1915, Italia nyebrang ka Triple Entente sarta ninggalkeun Triple Alliance margi dijangjikeun bakal meunangkeun wilayah Dalmatia anu basa éta ditempatan ku Austria-Hongaria. Sanggeus éta, Turki Usmani megatkeun pikeun ngagabung sareng Triple Alliance margi rumasa boga satru anu sarua, nyaéta Uni Sovyet.[3]
Tumbu kaluar
[édit | édit sumber]- Chronology World War I World History Database Archived 2007-03-07 di Wayback Machine
- A multimedia history of World War One
- “The Heritage of the Great War” with numerous pictures (many in color!)
- Royal Engineers Museum The Royal Engineers and the First World War
- GenealogyBuff.com — World War I Casualty Reports for the U.S. Army 1918
- The British Army in the Great War
- The French Army in the Great War
- World War I — Wars And Battles
- Fighting the Hun in the Great War
- Encyclopedia of the First World War Archived 2005-03-03 di Wayback Machine
- Trenches on the Web
- Online World War I Records & Indexes
- World War I Document Archive
- The Medical Front WWI
- World War I Naval Combat
- Wanted! 500 000 Canadians for WWI — Illustrated Historical Essay
- Memoirs of the Great War — A personal account in diary format of one man’s experiences throughout the Gréat War
- War diaries of TF Littler A personal account, war postcards and propaganda comic postcards
- Casualties of the First World War Archived 2006-10-29 di Wayback Machine
- Dardanelles Report 1915 Archived 2006-10-29 di Wayback Machine
- Mediatheque Autochromes — French site with many color photographs from WWI
- The World War I Years — NVR’s Film & Discussion Series in Public Libraries
- WWW-VL: Military History: The Great War 1914-1918 Archived 2006-10-09 di Wayback Machine
- WWI links Archived 2006-09-02 di Wayback Machine
- Chailey 1914-1918 Archived 2006-09-03 di Wayback Machine - A Sussex community's response to the First World War
- canadiansoldiers.com Archived 2007-03-14 di Wayback Machine
- World War I Poster Collection Archived 2006-09-20 di Wayback Machine hosted by the Universtity of North Texas Libraries' Digital Collections
- German submarine industries WWI Archived 2007-10-07 di Wayback Machine
- Documents of World War One Archived 2006-07-08 di Wayback Machine
- First World War in the News Archived 2006-07-19 di Wayback Machine
- The Great War in a Different Light Photographs, illustrations, postcards, artists, period newspaper and magazine articles/excerpts, complete war-time books. Material in English, French, Dutch, German, Spanish
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- ↑ Prinada, Yuda. "Sejarah Perang Dunia I, Penyebab, dan Daftar Negara yang Terlibat". tirto.id (dalam Indonesian). Diakses tanggal 2023-05-31.
- ↑ Media, Kompas Cyber. "Kisah Perang Dunia 1: Sejarah dan Penyebab Pertempuran". KOMPAS.com (dalam Indonesian). Diakses tanggal 2023-05-31.
- ↑ Media, Kompas Cyber. "Sejarah Perang Dunia I (1914-1918) Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (dalam Indonesian). Diakses tanggal 2023-05-31.