Anjing

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Anjing doméstik; Temporal range: Pléistosin Ahir – Kiwari
Status konservasi
	Domesticated
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:	Eukaryota
Karajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Mammalia
Ordo:	Carnivora
Kulawarga:	Canidae
Génus:	Canis
Spésiés:	C. lupus
Subspésiés:	C. l. familiaris
Ngaran trinomial
	Canis lupus familiaris; (Linnaeus, 1758)

Anjing (Canis lupus familiaris) nyaéta subspésiés doméstikasi ajag/srigala hawuk (grey wolf), mamalia ti kulawarga Canidae ordo Carnivora.^[1] Istilah ieu nujul boh ka nu liar atawa nu diingu sarta kadang dipaké pikeun anjing liar ti subspésiés atawa spésiés séjén. Anjing doméstik dalit jeung manusa, boh keur diala gawéna atawa pikeun kalangenan, jeung—pikeun sababaraha masarakat—pikeun didahar.^[1] Di sakuliah jagat, kira-kira aya 400 juta anjing^[2].

Kiwari, anjing geus mekar jadi ratusan turunan. Jangkungna (diukur nepi ka tonggong) aya nu ukur sababaraha inci (anjing Chihuahua), tapi aya ogé anu nepi ka sababaraha kaki (Irish Wolfhound); kelirna aya nu bodas, aya ogé nu hideung lestreng; sedengkeun buluna ti nu pondok pisan nepi ka sababaraha sénti, ti nu lempeng nepi ka nu galing^[3].

Taksonomi

Anjing mimitina diasupkeun kana Canis familiaris jeung "Canis familiarus domesticus" ku Linnaeus taun 1758^[4]. Taun 1993, anjing diklasifikasi ulang jadi subspésiés srigala hawuk, Canis lupus, ku Smithsonian Institution jeung American Society of Mammalogists.

Asal-usul

Dumasar kana bukti DNA, karuhun anjing misah ti srigala lianna kira 100.000 taun ka tukang^[5]^[6], sarta mimiti diingu tina srigala hawuk kira 15.000 taun ka tukang^[7]. Ku kituna, anjing téh jadi spésiés munggaran anu didoméstikasi ku manusa.

Bukti nu aya nunjukkeun yén anjing téh munggaran didoméstikasi di Asia Wétan, sigana di Cina ^[8], sedengkeun nu aya di Amérika Kalér mah istuning bawaan ti Asia^[8].

Nuturkeun ngumbarana manusa ka sakuliah dunya, anjing lahir jadi rupa-rupa. Révolusi tatanén jeung masarakatna lajeng ngadorong tumuwuhna populasi anjing sarta lahirna kabutuh kana anjing anu boga kabisa husus. Kaayaan ieu ngadorong ayana kawin seléktif ngarah ngahasilkeun anjing anu boga kabisa.

Katurunan jeung sajarah doméstikasi

Artikel utama: Origin of the domestic dog.

Rujukan

Dog. Wikipédia basa Inggris. Disalin 13 Agustus 2008.

↑ ^a ^b Jonathan, Rigg (1862). A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of Java. Universitas Harvard: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen.
↑ Coppinger, Ray (2001). Dogs: a Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution. pp. p352. 0684855305. CS1 maint: Extra text (link)
↑ The Complete dog book : the photograph, history, and official standard of every breed admitted to AKC registration, and the selection, training, breeding, care, and feeding of pure-bred dogs. New York: Howell Book House, 1992. ISBN 0876054645
↑ ITIS Standard Report Page: Canis familiarus domesticus
↑ Vila, Carles; Carles Vila, Peter Savolainen, Jesus E. Maldonado, Isabel R. Amorim, John E. Rice, Rodney L. Honeycutt, Keith A. Crandall, Joakim Lundeberg, Wayne, Robert F. (1997-01-30; accepted 1997-04-14). "Multiple and ancient origins of the domestic dog" (pdf). Science 276: 1687–1689. doi:10.1126/science.276.5319.1687. http://www.mnh.si.edu/GeneticsLab/StaffPage/MaldonadoJ/PublicationsCV/Science_Dog_Paper.pdf. Diakses pada 2006-12-09. Archived 2012-01-26 di Wayback Machine
↑ Kerstin, Lindblad-Toh; Claire M Wade, Tarjei S. Mikkelsen, Elinor K. Karlsson, David B. Jaffe, Michael Kamal, Michele Clamp, Jean L. Chang, Edward J. Kulbokas III, Michael C. Zody, Evan Mauceli, Xiaohui Xie, Matthew Breen, Robert K. Wayne, Elaine A. Ostrander, Chris P. Ponting, Francis Galibert, Douglas R. Smith, Pieter J. deJong, Ewen Kirkness, Pablo Alvarez, Tara Biagi, William Brockman, Jonathan Butler, Chee-Wye Chin, April Cook, James Cuff, Mark J. Daly, David DeCaprio, Sante Gnerre, Manfred Grabherr, Manolis Kellis, Michael Kleber, Carolyne Bardeleben, Leo Goodstadt, Andreas Heger, Christophe Hitte, Lisa Kim, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Heidi G. Parker, John P. Pollinger, Stephen M. J. Searle, Nathan B. Sutter, Rachael Thomas, Caleb Webber (2005-12-08). "Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog". Nature 438: 803–819. doi:10.1038/nature04338. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7069/abs/nature04338.html.
↑ McGourty, Christine (2002-11-22). "Origin of dogs traced". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 2006-11-29.
↑ ^a ^b Savolainen, Peter; Ya-ping Zhang, Jing Luo, Joakim Lundeberg, and Thomas Leitner (2002-11-22). "Genetic Evidence for an East Asian Origin of Domestic Dogs". Science 298 (5598): 1610–1613. doi:10.1126/science.1073906. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Sci...298.1610S.

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