Kapayang (hodgsonia)

Kapayang
	buah kapayang (Hodgsonia heteroclita)
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Karajaan:	Plantae
Divisi:	Magnoliophyta
Kelas:	Magnoliopsida
Ordo:	Cucurbitales
Kulawarga:	Cucurbitaceae
Subfamili:	Cucurbitoideae
Tribus:	Trichosantheae
Subtribus:	Hodgsoniinae; C. Jeffrey 1962
Génus:	Hodgsonia; Hook.f. & Thomson 1853
Species
	Hodgsonia heteroclita; Hodgsonia macrocarpa

Kapayang atawa Hodgsonia mangrupa sabangsaning tuwuhan pineus leutik nu buahan nu kagolongkeun kana kulawarga Cucurbitaceae.

Hodgsonia dijadikeun ngaran ieu tuwuhan pikeun ngahormat Brian Houghton Hodgson dina taun 1853 ku para ahli botani Inggris Joseph Dalton Hooker jeung Thomas Thomson (1817-1878), anu nalungtik ieu tuwuhan ku pangrojong Hodgson di Himalaya.

Klasifikasi

Hodgsonia heteroclita (Roxb.) Hook.f. & Thomson 1853
Hodgsonia macrocarpa (Blume) Cogn. 1881

Ciri fisik

Kembang kapayang mekar ngan pikeun waktu sapeuting, tuluy layu atawa gugur.^[1]

	H. heteroclita	H. macrocarpa
Daun	Biasana 5	Biasana 3

Kaguna

Kadaharan

Sanajan daging buah kapayang bisa didahar sarta taya hargana, sikina nu beunghar ku minyak mangrupa sumber kadaharan nu penting. Buahna nu biasa didahar atah-atah;^[2] rada pait, jigana dilantarankeun ku alkaloid atawa glukosa anu can dipikanyaho, tapi "aman pisan" pikeun didahar.^[3] Ilaharna, sikina dibeuleum saméméh didahar; loba urang gunung nu nganggap rasana ngeunah. Suku bangsa Naga di India ngasupkeun siki kapayang kana rupa-rupa sayur kari.^[4]

Ubar

Daun kapayang boga mangpaat pikeun ubar. Di Malaya, maké ieu daun pikeun ngubaran nyeri irung. Daunna digaringkeun jeung dibeuleum, sarta terus diseuseup ku irung, atawa peresan pucuk jeung daunna diperes tuluy caina diulaskeun kana tatu akibat gégélan sarangga. Daunna ogé bisa dikulub supaya ngahasilkeun cacai pikeun ngubaran nyeri irung atawa ngurangan panas tiris.^[5] The ashes from burnt léaves of H. macrocarpa are also used to héal wounds.^[6]

Di wewengkon bangsa Naga, buah kapayang ditémpélkeun kana inféksi baktéri dina suku.^[4] Di Sarawak, minyak kapayang dipaké pikeun malur awak wanoja nu karék ngalahirkeun.^[7] Minyak kapayang ieu ogé dipaké bahan dasar dina pangobatan di India bagian wétan.^[8]

Sajarah

Ngaran

Di beulah kalér, H. heteroclita:
- India, Sikkim (Lepchas): Kat'hior-pot;^[3]^[9] Wewengkon Naga: Assa;^[4] Kolasib: Khaum^[10]
- Cina, Yunnan: You-zha-guo (油渣果)^[3]^[11]
- Bangladés: Makal;^[12] Wewengkon Sylhet: Goolur^[3]
- Viétnam: Béo, Ké bao, Muróp rùng, Dây sén^[3]
- Laos: Mak klung^[3]
Di beulah kidul, H. macrocarpa:
- Thailand, Wilayah Pattani: Kāpā yê^[3]
- Malaysia, Tanjung Malaya: Akar kêpayang, Kêlêpayang, Pepayang, Teruah, Breuh^[3]
- Indonésia, pulo Jawa: Akar kêpayang;^[3] (basa Sunda): Areuy picung, Céléng;^[3] Sumatra: Bilungking, Kadam^[3]
Basa bangsa Eropa:
- (Basa Inggris): biji kadam seed, kapayang,^[3];^[13]
- (Basa Walanda): Kadamzaad^[3]

Sawatara ngaran ieu boga harti midua (ambigu). "Kapayang" bisa boga harti Pangium edule.

Rujukan

↑ Loewer p.175
↑ Arora and Hardas p.560
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Hu 1964 p.170
↑ ^a ^b ^c Changkija p.219
↑ Hu 1964 p.167, 171
↑ De Wilde & Duyfjes p.175
↑ Hu 1964 p.171
↑ Agarwal p.273
↑ Hooker p.16
↑ Arora and Hardas p.559
↑ Hu 2005 p.703
↑ Chowdhury p.94
↑ USDA p.2-304

Agarwal, Vishnu Saran (2003). Directory of Indian economic plants. Dehradun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh. ISBN 81-211-0289-8.
R.K. Arora and M.W. Hardas (December 1977). "Hodgsonia heteroclita—An oil-rich cucurbit". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 74 (3): 559–661.
W.J.J.O. de Wilde and B.E.E. Duyfjes (2001). "Taxonomy of Hodgsonia (Cucurbitaceae), with a note on the ovules and seeds". Blumea 46: 169–179.
Changkija, Sapu (1999). "Folk Medicinal Plants of the Nagas in India". Asian Folklore Studies 58 (1): 205–230. doi:10.2307/1178894. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0385-2342%281999%2958%3A1%3C205%3AFMPOTN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A.
Chowdhury, M. (1996). "Bangladesh country report" (PDF). FAO international technical conference on plant genetic resources. Diakses tanggal 2006-05-26. Archived 2005-01-11 di Wayback Machine
A.J.C. Grierson & D.G. Long (1983). Flora of Bhutan : including a record of plants from Sikkim. Edinburgh: Royal Botanic Garden. p. 263.
Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1855). Illustrations of Himalayan plants. London: L. Reeve. pp. 15–23. Citakan:LCC. Archived 2009-01-03 di Wayback Machine
Hsu Chien (November 1963). ""Lard fruit" domesticated in China". Euphytica 12: 261–262. http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&doi=10.1007/BF00027460. ^{[tumbu nonaktif]}
Hu Shiu-ying (1964). "The economic botany of Hodgsonia". Econ. Bot. 18: 167–179.
Hu Shiu-ying (2005). Food Plants of China. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. pp. 703–704. ISBN 962-201-860-2.
Loewer, Peter (2002). The Evening Garden. Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-532-2.
USDA. "Regulating the Importation of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2006-05-26. Archived 2006-05-12 di Wayback Machine

Tumbu ka luar

Wikimedia Commons mibanda média séjénna nu patali jeung Hodgsonia.

eFlora of China at www.efloras.org^{[tumbu nonaktif]}
Pictures of Hodgsonia
UN distribution information Archived 2007-09-30 di Wayback Machine
USDA taxonomy

[1] Loewer p.175

[2] Arora and Hardas p.560

[Hu_names-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Hu 1964 p.170

[Changkija-4] Changkija p.219

[5] Hu 1964 p.167, 171

[6] De Wilde & Duyfjes p.175

[7] Hu 1964 p.171

[8] Agarwal p.273

[9] Hooker p.16

[10] Arora and Hardas p.559

[11] Hu 2005 p.703

[12] Chowdhury p.94

[13] USDA p.2-304

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