Hadiah Nobel Kimia
Nu meunangkeun Hadiah Nobel widang kimia, disusun nurutkeun taun ti nu pangmimitina.
1901
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
- for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions
- kanggo téori disosiasi elektrolitik (tempo ion)
- for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air
1905
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
- kanggo damelna ngeunaan organic dyes jeung senyawa hidroaromatik
- kanggo panalungtikan anjeunna dina isolasi unsur florin, sarta kanggo electric furnace called after him
- for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation
- for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances
- his work on catalysis and for his investigations into chemical equilibria and rates of reaction
- for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds
1912
Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier
- for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent and for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds
- for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules
- for his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elements
1915
Richard Martin Willstätter
- for his researches on plant pigments
- for his synthesis of ammonia
- for his work in thermochemistry
- for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into isotopes
- for his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his whole-number rule
- for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances
- for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and the methods used
1926 The (Théodor) Svedberg
- for his work on disperse systems
- for his investigations of the bile acids and related substances
1928
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
1929
Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
- for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes
- for his researches into haemin and chlorophyll
1931
Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius
- for their contributions to chemical high pressure methods
- for his work in surface chemistry
- for his discovery of heavy hydrogen
1935
Frédéric Joliot, Irene Joliot-Curie
- for their synthesis of new radioactive elements
1936
Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye
- for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases
1937
Walter Norman Haworth, Paul Karrer
- for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C and for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2
- for his work on carotenoids and vitamins
1939
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt, Leopold Ruzicka
- for his work on sex hormones and for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes
- for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical processes
- for his research in agricultural and nutrition chemistry
1946
James Batcheller Sumner, John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley
- for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized and for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form
- for his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids
1948
Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
- for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis
- for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics
1950
Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder
- for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction.
1951
Edwin Mattison McMillan, Glenn Theodore Seaborg
- for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements
1952
Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Synge
- for their invention of partition chromatography
- for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry
- for his research into the nature of the chemical bond
- for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone
1956
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
- for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions
- for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes
- for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis
- for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination
- for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants
1962
Max Ferdinand Perutz, John Cowdery Kendrew
- for their studies of the structures of globular proteins
1963
Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta
- for their discoveries relating to high polymers
- for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances
- for his achievements in organic synthesis
- for his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules
1967
Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter
- for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions
- for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name
1969
Derek H. R. Barton, Odd Hassel
- for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation
- for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates
- for his contributions to electronic structure and the geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals
1972
Christian B. Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein
- for his work on ribonuclease and for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule
1973
Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson
- for their work on the chemistry of organometallic compounds
- for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules
1975
John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
- for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions
1976
William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr.
- for his studies on the structure of boranes
- for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics
- for his formulation of the chemiosmotic theory
1979
Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig
- for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis
1980
Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger
- for his studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids and for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids
1981
Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann
- for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions
- for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy
- for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions
- for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix
1985
Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle
- for their achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures
1986
Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi
- for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes
1987
Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen
- for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity
1988
Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel
- for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre
1989
Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech
- for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA
- for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis
- for his contributions to the development of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
- for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems
1993
Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith
- for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry
- for his contribution to carbocation chemistry
1995
Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland
- for their work in atmospheric chemistry
1996
Robert Curl, Sir Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley
- for their discovery of fullerenes
1997
Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou
- for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate and for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+K+-ATPase
1998
Walter Kohn, John A. Pople
- for his development of the density functional theory and for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry
- for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy
2000
Alan J Heeger, Alan G MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa
- for their discovery and development of conductive polymers
2001
William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless
- for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions and for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions
2002
Kurt Wüthrich, John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka
- for their development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules
2003
Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon
- for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes
2004
Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose
- for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
2005
Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock
- for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis
- for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription
- for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces
2008
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Tsien
- for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP
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