Adrénalin
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(R)-(–)-L-Epinéfrin atawa (R)-(–)-L-adrénalin
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| Ngaran sistimatik (IUPAC) | |
| (R)-4-(1-hidroksi- 2-(métilamino)étil)bénzéna-1,2-diol |
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| Identifiers | |
| Nomer CAS | |
| Sandi ATC | A01 B02 C01 R01 R03 S01 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
| Data kimia | |
| Rumus | C9H13NO3 |
| Mass. mol. | 183.204 g/mol |
| Data farmakokinetik | |
| Bioavailabilitas | Nil (oral) |
| Metabolism | adrenergic synapse (MAO jeung COMT) |
| Half life | 2 menit |
| Excretion | Urin |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. | |
| Legal status |
Prescription Only (S4)(AU) POM(UK) ?(US) |
| Routes | IV, IM, éndotrahéa, IC |
Epinéfrin (ogé katelah adrénalin; baca Terminologi) nyaéta hormon jeung neurotransmiter[1] nu boga pancén dina réspon "lawan atawa ngejat" dina sistem saraf simpatétik[2], hiji sanyawa katékolamina, monoamina simpatomimetik nu dihasilkeun ku kelenjar adrénal tina asam amino fénilalanin jeung tirosin.
Istilah épinéfrin diturunkeun tina akar basa Yunani epi- jeung nephros, nu hartina dina ginjal, nujul ka perenah anatomis kelenjarna. Akar basa Latén ad- jeung renes ngandung harti nu sarupa, ku kituna aya istilah adrénalin.
Kimiawan Jepang Jokichi Takamine jeung asisténna Keizo Uenaka sacara mandiri ngudar épinéfrin taun 1900[3][4]. Taun 1901 Takamine bisa ngisolasi jeung ngamurnikeun ieu hormon tina kelenjar adrénal domba jeung sapi[5]. Epinéfrin munggaran disintésis ku Friedrich Stolz jeung Henry Drysdale Dakin, séwang-séwangan taun 1904[4].
Daptar eusi |
Baca ogé [édit]
Rujukan [édit]
Catetan [édit]
- ↑ Berecek, K. H. and Brody, M. J. (1982). "Evidence for a neurotransmitter role for epinephrine derived from the adrenal medulla". Heart and Circulatory Physiology 242 (4): H593-H601.
- ↑ Cannon, W. B. (1929). "{{{title}}}". Am. J. Physiol. 89: 84-107.
- ↑ Yamashima T (2003). "Jokichi Takamine (1854–1922), the samurai chemist, and his work on adrenalin". J Med Biogr 11 (2): 95–102.
- ↑ a b Bennett M (1999). "One hundred years of adrenaline: the discovery of autoreceptors". Clin Auton Res 9 (3): 145–59.
- ↑ Takamine J (1901). The isolation of the active principle of the suprarenal gland, xxix-xxx, Great Britain: Cambridge University Press.
Rujukan umum [édit]
- Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach, Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders.
- Voet D, Voet J (2004). Biochemistry, 3rd, USA: Wiley.
| Hormon jeung kelenjar éndokrin - édit |
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Hipotalamus: GnRH - TRH - CRH - GHRH - somatostatin - dopamin | Posterior pituitary: vasoprésin - oksitosin | Anterior pituitary: GH - ACTH - TSH - LH - FSH - prolaktin - MSH - éndorfin - lipotropin Tiroid: T3 jeung T4 - kalsitonin | Paratiroid: PTH | Adrenal medulla: épinéfrin - norépinéfrin | Adrenal cortex: aldostéron - kortisol - DHEA | Pangkréas: glukagon- insulin - somatostatin | Ovarium: éstradiol - progéstéron - inhibin - aktivin | Téstis: téstostéron - AMH - inhibin | kelenjar pineal: mélatonin | Ginjal: rénin - EPO - kalsitriol - prostaglandin | Atrium jantung: ANP Beuteung: gastrin | Duodenum: CCK - GIP - sékrétin - motilin - VIP | Ileum: éntéroglukagon | Ati: IGF-1 Bali: hCG - HPL - éstrogén - progéstéron |
