Kakaisaran Romawi

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Kakaisaran Romawi
Senatus PopulusQue Romanus (SPQR)
"Sénat jeung Rahayat Roma" ^{[nb 1]}
	Kakaisaran Romawi ; Senatus PopulusQue Romanus (SPQR); "Sénat jeung Rahayat Roma"
	Kakaisaran
	Vexillum kalawan aquila sarta inisial kanagaraan Romawi
	Location of Kakaisaran RomawiKakawasaan maksimum Kakaisaran Romawi dina 117 M.
Ibu kota	Roma nyaéta ibu kota pulitis nepi ka 286 M; Aya sababaraha puseur pulitis nalika Katétraan samentawis Roma tetep jadi ibu kota nominal, budaya, jeung idéologis.; Konstantin ngadegkeun sarta ngawangun ulang kota Konstantinopel salaku ibu kota kakaisaran nu anyar dina 330.; Mediolanum (Milan) mangrupa batur gawéna nalika babagian Wétan/Kulon ningkat remenna. Pangadilan kakaisaran kulon teras dipindahkeun ka Ravenna.
Basa	Latin, Yunani
Pamaréntahan	Otokrasi
	Kaisar
- 27 SM – 14 M	Augustus
- 378–395	Theodosius I
- 475–476 / 1449–1453	Romulus Augustus / Konstantin XI
Badan législatif	Sénat Romawi
Jaman	Kuna klasik
- Patempuran Actium	2 Séptémber 31 SM
- Octavia nyatakeun Augustus	27 SM
- Diocletian misahkeun adminstrasi kakaisaran antawsi Wétan jeung Kulon	285
- Konstantin nu Ageung ngadegkeun Konstantinopel salaku ibu kota kakaisaran nu anyar	330
- Pupusna Theodosius nu Ageung, diteraskeun ku dibagina kakaisaran kana wétan jeung kulon	395
- Turunna Kaisar Kulon Romulus Augustus/Labuhna Konstantinopel *	476/1453 M
	Aréa
- 25 SM	2.750.000 km2 (1.061.781 mil pasagi)
- 50	4.200.000 km2 (1.621.629 mil pasagi)
- 117	6.500.000 km2 (2.509.664 mil pasagi)
- 390	4.400.000 km2 (1.698.849 mil pasagi)
	Populasi
- Perkiraan 25 SM	56.800.000
Kapadetan	20,7 /km2 (53,5 /mil pasagi)
- Perkiraan 117	88.000.000
Kapadetan	13,5 /km2 (35,1 /sq mi)
Mata uang	(a) 27 SM – 212 M: 1 emas aureus (1/40 lb. emas, dirobah ka 1/50 lb. dina 212) = 25 pérak denarii = 100 perunggu sesterces = 400 tambaga asses.; (b) 294–312: 1 emas aureus solidus (1/60 lb. emas) = 10 pérak argentei = 40 perunggu folles = 1.000 logam nu diturunkeun denarii; (c) 312 ka hareup: 1 emas solidus (1/72 lb.) = 24 pérak siliquae = 180 perunggu folles
Ayeuna bagian ti	Tingali artikel
	* Kajadia-kajadian ieu nandaan ahirna Kakaisaran Romawi Kulon (286–476) jeung Kakaisaran Romawi Wétan (330–1453).

Pikeun kagunaan séjén, tempo Kakaisaran Romawi (disambiguasi).

Kakaisaran Romawi (Latin: Imperium Romanum) nyaéta jaman pasca-Républik ti peradaban Romawi kuna, dicirian ku wangun pamaréntahan otokrasi sarta kakawasaan wewengkon nu lega di Éropa jeung sadeukeuteun Méditérania.^[6]

Dina ahir abad ka-3 Maséhi, Diocletian ngadegkeun sarta mraktékkeun babagian kakawasaan antawis 4 kaisar (kawanoh salaku katétraan) sangkan leuwih alus ngamankeun wewengkonna nu lega, ngahirkeun Krisis Abad KAtilu. Nalika dékade sanggeusna, Kakaisaran remen dibagi kana poros Wétan/Kulon. Sanggeus pupusna Theodosius I dina 395, kakaisaran dibagi pikeun nu pangahirna.^[7]

Kakaisaran Romawi Kulon ngahir dina 476 basa Romulus Augustus dipaksa turn tahta pikeun raja perang Jérmanik, Odoacer.^[8] Romawi Wétan atanapi Kakaisaran Bizantium ngahir dina 1453 nalika pupusna Konstantin XI sarta labuhna Konstantinopel ka Mehmed II, pamingpin Turki Ottoman.^[9]

Kiwari

Wewengkon Kakaisaran Romawi ayeuna mangrupa bagian ti nagara:

Catean jeung rujukan

↑ Since classical and modern concepts of state do not coincide, other possibilities include Res publica Romana, Imperium Romanum or Romanorum (also in Greek: Βασιλείᾱ τῶν Ῥωμαίων – Basileíā tôn Rhōmaíōn – ["Dominion (Literally 'kingdom') of the Romans"]) and Romania. Res publica, as a term denoting the Roman "commonwealth" in general, can refer to both the Republican and the Imperial era, while Imperium Romanum (or, sometimes, Romanorum) is used to refer to the territorial extent of Roman authority. Populus Romanus, "the Roman people", is often used for the Roman state dealing with other nations. The term Romania, initially a colloquial term for the empire's territory as well as the collectivity of its inhabitants, appears in Greek and Latin sources from the fourth century onward and was eventually carried over to the Byzantine Empire. (See Wolff, R.L. "Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople". In: Speculum, 23 (1948), pp. 1–34 (pp. 2–3).)

↑ Bennett, J. Trajan: Optimus Princeps. 1997. Fig. 1
↑ Konstantin I (306–337 M) ku Hans A. Pohlsander. De Imperatoribus Romanis. Written 2004-1-8. Retrieved 2007-3-20.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History (Duke University Press) 3 (3/4): 125. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR 1170959.
↑ John D. Durand, Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation, 1977, pp. 253–296.
↑ "Roman Empire – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". www.britannica.com. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-09.
↑ "Roman Empire", Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008
↑ Chester G. Starr, A History of the Ancient World, Second Edition. Oxford University Press, 1974. pp. 670–678.
↑ Isaac Asimov. Asimov's Chronology of the World. Harper Collins, 1989. p. 110.
↑ Asimov, p. 198.

Frank Frost Abbott (1901). A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions. Elibron Classics. ISBN 0-543-92749-0.
John Bagnell Bury, A History of the Roman Empire from its Foundation to the death of Marcus Aurelius, 1913, ISBN 978-1-4367-3416-5
Winston Churchill, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, Cassell, 1998, ISBN 0-304-34912-7
J. A. Crook, Law and Life of Rome, 90 BC–AD 212, 1967, ISBN 0-8014-9273-4
Donald R. Dudley, The Civilization of Rome, 2nd ed., 1985, ISBN 0-452-01016-0
Arther Ferrill, The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation, Thames and Hudson, 1988, ISBN 0-500-27495-9
Freeman, Charles (1999). The Greek Achievement: The Foundation of the Western World. New York: Penguin. ISBN 0-670-88515-0.
Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 1776–1789
Goldsworthy, Adrian. The Punic Wars, Cassell & Co, 2000, ISBN 0-304-35284-5
Goldsworthy, Adrian. In the Name of Rome: The Men Who Won the Roman Empire, Weidenfield and Nicholson, 2003, ISBN 0-297-84666-3
Goldsworthy, Adrian. The Complete Roman Army, Thames and Hudson, 2003, ISBN 0-500-05124-0
Michael Grant, The History of Rome, Faber and Faber, 1993, ISBN 0-571-11461-X
Benjamin Isaac, "The Limits of Empire: the Roman Army in the East" Oxford University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-19-814926-3
Andrew Lintott, Imperium Romanum: Politics and administration, 1993, ISBN 0-415-09375-9
Edward Luttwak, The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire, Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 0-8018-2158-4
Reid, T. R. (1997). "The World According to Rome". National Geographic 192 (2): 54–83. http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/. Archived 2007-12-11 di Wayback Machine
Antonio Santosuosso, Storming the Heavens: Soldiers, Emperors and Civilians in the Roman Empire, Westview Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8133-3523-X

Tumbu kaluar

Adena, L. The 'Jesus Cult' and the Roman State in the Third Century Archived 2015-01-04 di Wayback Machine, Clio History Journal, 2008.
Roman battlefield unearthed deep inside Germany
BBC Romans for Children
Classics Unveiled Archived 2012-03-05 di Wayback Machine
Complete map of the Roman Empire in year 100 Archived 2010-05-19 di Wayback Machine
Detailed history of the Roman Empire
Historical Atlas (Swedish)
Roman Numismatic Gallery
The Celts and Romans
The Roman Empire
The Roman Empire in the First Century from PBS
UNRV Roman History
The Romans

Citakan:Ancient Rome topics Citakan:Roman history by territory Citakan:Territories with limited Roman Empire occupation & presence Citakan:Ancient Greek and Roman Wars Citakan:Empires Citakan:Former monarchies Italian peninsula

Artikel ngeunaan sajarah ieu mangrupa taratas, perlu disampurnakeun. Upami sadérék uninga langkung paos perkawis ieu, dihaturan kanggo ngalengkepan.

[1] Since classical and modern concepts of state do not coincide, other possibilities include Res publica Romana, Imperium Romanum or Romanorum (also in Greek: Βασιλείᾱ τῶν Ῥωμαίων – Basileíā tôn Rhōmaíōn – ["Dominion (Literally 'kingdom') of the Romans"]) and Romania. Res publica, as a term denoting the Roman "commonwealth" in general, can refer to both the Republican and the Imperial era, while Imperium Romanum (or, sometimes, Romanorum) is used to refer to the territorial extent of Roman authority. Populus Romanus, "the Roman people", is often used for the Roman state dealing with other nations. The term Romania, initially a colloquial term for the empire's territory as well as the collectivity of its inhabitants, appears in Greek and Latin sources from the fourth century onward and was eventually carried over to the Byzantine Empire. (See Wolff, R.L. "Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople". In: Speculum, 23 (1948), pp. 1–34 (pp. 2–3).)

[2] Bennett, J. Trajan: Optimus Princeps. 1997. Fig. 1

[Constantine_I_306_-_337_AD-3] Konstantin I (306–337 M) ku Hans A. Pohlsander. De Imperatoribus Romanis. Written 2004-1-8. Retrieved 2007-3-20.

[size-4] Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History (Duke University Press) 3 (3/4): 125. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR 1170959.

[5] John D. Durand, Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation, 1977, pp. 253–296.

[6] "Roman Empire – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". www.britannica.com. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-09.

[7] "Roman Empire", Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008

[8] Chester G. Starr, A History of the Ancient World, Second Edition. Oxford University Press, 1974. pp. 670–678.

[9] Isaac Asimov. Asimov's Chronology of the World. Harper Collins, 1989. p. 110.

[10] Asimov, p. 198.

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