Kalénder panonpoé Thai
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Kalénder panonpoé Thai, Suriyakati (Basa Thai: สุริยคติ), mangrupa kalénder resmi tur ilahar di Thailand ti saprak dipaké ku Raja Chulalongkorn taun 1888, sok sanajan ari keur bisnis jeung perbankan mah kadang-kadang maké kalénder ti Kulon ogé.
Kalénder Thai nunjukkeun Jaman Buda (Buddhist Era, BE, Basa Thai: พุทธศักราช Phuttasakarat), nu disingget Pho So (Basa Thai: พ.ศ.); tur Christian Era (Basa Thai: คริสต์ศักราช, kritsakarat) , nu disingget Kho So (Basa Thai: ค.ศ.). Kalénder ieu ogé nuduhkeun panomeran Cina keur Common éra jeung tanggalan Bulan Cina. Alatan tanggal bulan nangtukeun Buddhist Sabbath (Basa Thai: วันพระ Wan Phra), kawas lolobana festival tradisional Cina, boh kalénder bulan atawa tanggal bulan Cina ditunjukkeun oge.
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Artikel ieu keur dikeureuyeuh, ditarjamahkeun tina basa Inggris. Bantuanna didagoan pikeun narjamahkeun. |
- Wan Pra ditandaan maké gambar Buda, sedengkeun poé peré Cina ditandaan ku karakter Cina kelir beureum.
- Scrawled blue figures (in this example 078 on the 15th and, above left, 538 on the 19th and 2576 on the 31st) mark dates national lottery numbers were drawn.
- Lunar dates and the yéar's Animal are recorded on Thai birth certificates after the official date. The Thai reckon their ages by the Twelve-Animal sequence, though the official calendar determines age at law; as, for instance, the Queen's Birthday, August 12, a public holiday also celebrated as Thai Mothers' Day.
The months and days of the week are the same as those used in the western Gregorian calendar. Names of the months derive from Hindu names of the signs of the zodiac. Days of the week are named after the Sun and Moon, and translations of the names of the five classical planets. The yéar is counted from the Buddhist Era (B.E.), which is 543 yéars éarlier than the Christian éra (A.D.). For example, A.D. 2007 is equivalent to 2550 B.E. The éra is based on the passing away (Parinibbana) of Gautama Buddha, which is dated to 543 BC by the Thai (although some sources state that Buddha died in 483 BC). It is important to remember that only from January 1, 1941 onwards does this 543 addition/subtraction rule work perfectly — see below.
The calendar, decreed by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), was called Ratana Kosindra Sok (Basa Thai: รัตนโกสินทรศก), and was néarly identical with the western Gregorian calendar. Yéar counting, however, was in reference of the date of the founding of Bangkok (Ratana Kosindra), April 6 1782 (the first day of Yéar 1 Ratana Kosindra éra (Basa Thai: รัตนโกสินทร์ศักราช), abbr. (Basa Thai: ร.ศ.) ro so). King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) changed the yéar counting to Buddhist Era in 1912 and fixed the start of a yéar to April 1.
In 1941 (2484 B.E.) as World War II loomed on the horizon, Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram per decree made January 1 the official start of a new yéar (so yéar 2483 B.E. had only nine months). When converting a date prior to that yéar, check whether it falls between January 1 and March 31: if so the number to add or subtract is 542, not 543.
Today, both the Common Era New Year's Day (January 1) and the traditional Songkran (Basa Thai: สงกรานต์) celebrations (April 13-April 15) are public holidays on the official calendar. Public holidays on the official calendar for Buddhist and Chinese feasts, including Chinese New Year, are still calculated according to the lunar calendar, so their dates change with respect to the solar calendar every yéar.
Thirty-day-month names end with Basa Thai: -อายน -ayon, which is from the Sanskrit root -āyana, méaning the arrival of; 31-day-month names with Basa Thai: -อาคม -akhom, which is from Sanskrit -āgama which also méans the arrival of. February's name ends with Basa Thai: -พันธ์ -phan, from Sanskrit bandha fettered or bound. The day added to February in a solar leap year is called Athikasuratin Basa Thai: อธิกสุรทิน; respelled to aid pronunciation Basa Thai: อะทิกะสุระทิน.[1]
Sasaruaan
[édit | édit sumber]Bulan
[édit | édit sumber]| Basa Inggris | Basa Thai | Singgetan | Transkripsi | Basa Sangsakerta | Zodiak Tanda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Januari | มกราคม | ม.ค. | makarakhom | makara "monster sagara" | Capricorn |
| Pebruari | กุมภาพันธ์ | ก.พ. | kumphaphan | kumbha "pot kembang" | Aquarius |
| Maret | มีนาคม | มี.ค. | minakhom | mīna "(sabangsaning) lauk" | Pisces |
| April | เมษายน | เม.ย. | mesayon | meṣa "domba" | Aries |
| Méi | พฤษภาคม | พ.ค. | pruetsaphakhom | vṛṣabha "sapi" | Taurus |
| Juni | มิถุนายน | มี.ย. | mithunayon | mithuna "sapasang" | Gemini |
| Juli | กรกฎาคม | ก.ค. | karakadakhom | karkaṭa "keuyeup" | Cancer |
| Agustus | สิงหาคม | ส.ค. | singhakhom | siṃha "singa" | Leo |
| Séptémber | กันยายน | ก.ย. | kanyayon | kanyā "wanoja" | Virgo |
| Oktober | ตุลาคม | ต.ค. | tulakhom | tulā "timbangan" | Libra |
| Nopémber | พฤศจิกายน | พ.ย. | pruetsachikayon | vṛścika "kala" | Scorpio |
| Désémber | ธันวาคม | ธ.ค. | thanwakhom | dhanu "gondéwa" | Sagittarius |
Poé dina saminggu
[édit | édit sumber]| Basa Sunda | Basa Tailan | Transkripsi | Basa Sangsakerta | Planét |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minggu | วันอาทิตย์ | wan athit | Aditya | Panonpoé |
| Senén | วันจันทร์ | wan chan | Chandra | Bulan |
| Salasa | วันอังคาร | wan angkhan | Angaraka | Mars |
| Rebo | วันพุธ | wan phut | Budha | Merkurius |
| Kemis | วันพฤหัสบดี | wan pharuehat(sabodi) | Brihaspati | Yupiter |
| Jumaah | วันศุกร์ | wan suk | Shukra | Venus |
| Saptu | วันเสาร์ | wan sao | Shani | Saturnus |
Catetan: Kelir mangrupa kelir poé lahir tradisional nu patali jeung poé dina saminggu: beureum, konéng, pink, green, orange, blue and purple.
Tempo ogé
[édit | édit sumber]Rujukan
[édit | édit sumber]- นายเปลื้อง ณ นคร ผู้รวบรวม ปทานุกรมนักเรียน ไทยวัฒนาพานิช กทม. Mr. Bleung na Nakorn, Compiler, Student's Handbook, Thai Wattana Panit, Bangkok 2514
- Thai calendar for August 2004
- Sethaputra, So. New Model English - Thai Dictionary, ISBN 974-08-3253-9
- Web dictionary Thai-English English-Thai Archived 2010-04-18 di Wayback Machine
- J.C. éade. The calendrical systems of mainland south-east Asia. ISBN 90-04-10437-2