Bolivia

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Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
Bulivya Mamallaqta
Wuliwya Suyu
Nagara Multibangsa Bolivia
Bandéra Bolivia Lambang Bolivia
Motto
¡La unión es la fuerza![1]
Lagu
Himno Nacional de Bolivia
Wiphala atawa Qulla Suyu:[2]
Wiphala Qulla Suyu
Location of Bolivia
Location of Bolivia
Ibu kotaSucre (ibu kota konstitusional)[3][4]
19°2′S 65°15′W / 19.033°S 65.250°W / -19.033; -65.250
La Paz (ibu kota administratif)[4]
16°30′S 68°09′W / 16.500°S 68.150°W / -16.500; -68.150
Kota panggedéna Santa Cruz de la Sierra
17°48′S 63°10′W / 17.800°S 63.167°W / -17.800; -63.167
Basa resmi Basa Spanyol
Basa Quechua
Basa Aymara
jeung 34 basa pribumi lianna[5][6]
Grup étnis  55% Amerindian
(Quechua, Aymara
jeung 34 grup étnis lianna)
30% Mestizo
15% Bodas[7]
Démonim Bolivian
Pamaréntah Républik kahijian présidénsial
 -  Présidén Luis Arce
 -  Wakil Présidén David Choquehuanca
Kamerdikaan ti Spanyol 
 -  Didéklarasikeun 6 Agustus 1825 
 -  Diakuan 21 Juli 1847 
 -  Konstitusi nu ayeuna
7 Pébruari 2009 
Aréa
 -  Total 1.098.581 km² (ka-28)
424.163 mil² 
 -  Cai (%) 1,29
Populasi
 -  Perkiraan  2010 10.907.778[8] (ka-84)
 -  Sénsus 2001 8.280.184 
 -  Kapadetan 8,9 /km² (ka-220)
23 /mil²
GDP (PPP) Perkiraan 2010
 -  Total $47,882 milyar[9] 
 -  Per kapita $4.592[9] 
GDP (nominal) Perkiraan 2011
 -  Total $22,778 milyar[9] 
 -  Per kapita $2.143[9] 
Gini? (2009) 58,2[10] (luhur
HDI (2011) 0,663[11] (sedeng) (ka-108)
Mata uang Boliviano (BOB)
Zona wanci (UTC-4)
TLD Internét .bo
Kode telepon +591

Koordinat: 16°42′43″S 64°39′58″W / 16.712°S 64.666°W / -16.712; -64.666

Uyuni

Bolivia (Basa Spanyol: [boliˈβja]) resminia kawanoh salaku Nagara Multibangsa Bolivia[12][13] (basa Spanyol: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, Basa Quechua: Bulivya Mamallaqta, Basa Aymara: Wuliwya Suyu), nyaéta hiji nagara nu dilingkung di Amérika Kidul beulah tengah. Nagara ieu wawatesan jeung Brasil di kalér jeung wétan, Paraguay sareng Argéntina di kidul, Chili di kidul-kulon, sarta Peru di kulon.

Babagian administratif[édit | édit sumber]

Artikel utama: Departemén di Bolivia, Propinsi di Bolivia, Kotamadya di Bolivia, Kanton di Bolivia, Lemah Komunitas Pribumi

Bolivia dibagi kana 9 departemén, nu salajengna dibagi kana (total) 112 propinsi nu teras kana (total) 339 kotamadya jeung kana lemah komunitas pribumi.[14]

Tempo ogé[édit | édit sumber]

Bacaan salajengna[édit | édit sumber]

  • Alexander, R. J. (2005) A History of Organized Labor in Bolivia, Praeger Publishers Inc
  • Atkinson, D. (2007) Bradt Travel Guide: Bolivia, Bradt Travel Guides
  • Crabtree J., and Whitehéad, L. (eds.; 2008) Unresolved Tensions: Bolivia Past and Present, University of Pittsburgh Press
  • Dangl, B. (2007) The Price of Fire: Resource Wars and Social Movements in Bolivia, AK Press
  • Farcau, B. W. (2000) The Ten Cents War: Chile, Peru and Bolivia in the War of the Pacific, 1879–1884, Greenwood Press
  • Farthing, L. and Kohl, B. (2006) Impasse in Bolivia: Neoliberal Hegemony and Popular Resistance, Zed Books
  • Gill, L. (2000) Teetering on the Rim: Global Restructuring, Daily Life, and the Armed Retreat of the Bolivian State, Columbia University Press
  • Goldstein, D. M. (2004) The Spectacular City: Violence and Performance in Urban Bolivia, Duke University Press
  • Gustafson, B. D. (2009) New Languages of the State: Indigenous Resurgence and the Politics of Knowledge in Bolivia , Duke University Press
  • Harten, S. (2011) The Rise of Evo Morales and the MAS, Zed Books
  • Héaly, K. (2000) Llamas, Weavings and Organic Chocolate: Multicultural Grassroots Development in the Andes and Amazon of Bolivia, University of Notre Dame Press
  • Hylton, F. and Thomson, S. (2008) Revolutionary Horizons: Past and Present in Bolivian Politics, Verso
  • Jacobs, M. (2006) Ghost Train Through the Andes: On My Grandfather's Trail in Chile and Bolivia, John Murray
  • Jemio, L. C. (2001) Debt, Crisis Reform Bolivia: Biting the Bullet, Palgrave Macmillan
  • Klein, H. S. (1992) Bolivia: The Evolution of a Multi-Ethnic Society, Oxford University Press
  • Klein, H. S. (2011) A Concise History of Bolivia, Stanford University Press
  • Kunststaetter, D. and R. (2008) Footprint Handbook: Bolivia, Footprint Handbooks
  • Lazar, S. (2008) El Alto, Rebel City: Self and Citizenship in Andean Bolivia, Duke University Press
  • Lougheed, V. (2008) Understanding Bolivia: A Traveller's History, Harbour Publishing
  • McLaughlin, D. (2008) Bolivia, Fields Publishing
  • Morales, W. Q. (1992) Bolivia: Land of Struggle, Westview Press
  • Mutic, A.(2010) Lonely Planet Guide: Bolivia, Lonely Planet
  • Olivera, O. and Lewis, T. (2004) Cochabamba!: Water Rebellion in Bolivia, South End Press
  • Petras, J. (2005) Social Movements and State Power: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Pluto Press
  • Postero, N. G. (2006) Now We Are Citizens: Indigenous Politics in Post-multicultural Bolivia, Stanford University Press
  • Powers, W. (2006) Whispering in the Giant's Ear: A Frontline Chronicle from Bolivia's War on Globalization, Bloomsbury Publishing
  • réad, J. (2008) The Rough Guide to Bolivia, Rough Guides
  • Richards, K. (2009) Culture Smart!: Bolivia, Kuperard
  • Sivak, M. (2010) Evo Morales: The Extraordinary Rise of the First Indigenous President of Bolivia, Palgrave Macmillan
  • Spitzer, L. (1999) Hotel Bolivia: The Culture of Memory in a Refuge from Nazism, Hill & Wang
  • Stéarman, A. M. (1989) Camba and Kolla: Migration and Development in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, University Press of Florida
  • Suzuki, T. (2010) Embodying Belonging: Racializing Okinawan Diaspora in Bolivia and Japan, niversity of Hawai'i Press
  • Webber, J. R. (2011) Rebellion and Reform in Bolivia, Haymarket Books
  • Webber, J. R. (2011) Red October: Left-Indigenous Struggles in Modern Bolivia, Brill Academic
  • Werner, R. J. (2009) Bolivia in Focus: A Guide to the People, Politics, and Culture, Interlink Publishing
  • Young, R. (2004) Marching Powder, Pan

Catetan suku jeung rujukan[édit | édit sumber]

  1. "Central Bank of Bolivia". The Bolivian coin. Diakses tanggal 2006-08-04.  Archived 2007-04-28 di Wayback Machine
  2. Article 6, section II of the new Bolivian constitution establishes the Wiphala as a national symbol of Bolivia (along with the flag, national anthem and coat of arms). See "Bandera indígena boliviana es incluida como símbolo patrio en nueva Constitución" Archived 2014-11-09 di Wayback Machine, October 21, 2008, United Press International.
  3. "Artículo 6. I. Sucre es la Capital de Bolivia."(Article 6. I. Sucre is the capital of Bolivia.)
  4. a b CIA - The World Factbook Archived 2018-12-11 di Wayback Machine
  5. Bolivian Constitution, Article 5-I: Son idiomas oficiales del Estado el castellano y todos los idiomas de las naciones y pueblos indígena originario campesinos, que son el aymara, araona, baure, bésiro, canichana, cavineño, cayubaba, chácobo, chimán, ese ejja, Guaraní, guarasu'we, guarayu, itonama, leco, machajuyai-kallawaya, machineri, maropa, mojeño-trinitario, mojeño-ignaciano, moré, mosetén, movima, pacawara, puquina, quechua, sirionó, tacana, tapieté, toromona, uru-chipaya, weenhayek, yawanawa, yuki, yuracaré y zamuco.
  6. "Kids Encyclopedia". Kids.britannica.com. 8 February 2009. Diakses tanggal 30 August 2010.  Archived 10 Méi 2011 di Wayback Machine
  7. "The World Factbook – Bolivia". CIA. Diakses tanggal 30 March 2010.  Archived 11 Désémber 2018 di Wayback Machine
  8. "Bolivia". World Gazetteer. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 January 2013. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2010.  Archived 19 Désémber 2010 di Wayback Machine
  9. a b c d "Bolivia". International Monetary Fund. Diakses tanggal 8 December 2011.  Archived 4 Séptémber 2014 di Wayback Machine
  10. "Distribution of family income – Gini index". The World Factbook. CIA. Diakses tanggal 31 August 2011.  Archived 13 Méi 2009 di Wayback Machine
  11. "Human Development Report 2010" (PDF). United Nations. 2011. Diakses tanggal 9 November 2011.  Archived 11 Nopémber 2011 di Wayback Machine
  12. "WHO | Bolivia (Plurinational State of)". Who.int. 11 May 2010. Diakses tanggal 30 August 2010.  Archived 6 Oktober 2010 di Wayback Machine
  13. "UNdata | country profile | Bolivia (Plurinational State of)". United Nations. 14 November 1945. Diakses tanggal 30 August 2010.  Archived 2 Juli 2010 di Wayback Machine
  14. Konstitusi Pulitis Bolivia, Pasal 269

Tumbu kaluar[édit | édit sumber]

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