Azawad

Azawad ⴰⵣⴰⵓⴷ أزواد
Nagara tanpa pangakuan kadaulatan
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Bandéta
Location of Azawad
Ibu kota	Timbuktu (de jure) Gao (saheulaan)
Basa	Tuareg · Songhay · Fula Arab Hassānīya Perancis
Pamaréntahan	Déwan Transisi Nagara Azawad (Conseil de Transition de l'Etat de l'Azawad, CTEA)
Présidén
- 2012	Bilal Ag Acherif
Wakil Présidén
- 2012	Mahamadou Djeri Maïga
Jaman	Konflik Mali Kalér
- Proklamasi	6 April 2012
- Patempuran Gao	27 Juni 2012
- Ansongo labuh	12 Juli 2012

Peta Azawad, sakumaha diklaim ku MNLA: wewengkon kalawan mayoritas Tuareg ditandaan ku titik kulawu kolot, di kulon utamina dieusian ku Moor, di kidul ku masarakat Sub-Sahara.

Azawad, kawanoh ogé salaku Nagara Merdika Azawad (Tuareg: ⴰⵣⴰⵓⴷ, Azawd; Basa Arab: دولة أزواد المستقلة‎, Dawlat Azawād al-Mustaqillah; Basa Prancis: État indépendant de l’Azawad), nyaéta hiji wewengkon di Mali beulah kalér sarta ogé urut nagara nu teu diakuan, proklamasi kamerdikaan Azawad sacara sapihak dinyatakeun ku Gerakan Nasional Pangbébasan Azawad (MNLA) dina 2012 sanggeus hiji Pamberontakan Tuareg nyandak Tentara Mali kaluar ti wewengkon ieu. Azawad, sakumaha diklaim ku MNLA, ngawengku région Timbuktu, Kidal, Gao, jeung sabagian ti Région Mopti, mibanda kira-kira 60 persén ti total wewengkon Mali. Azawad wawatesan jeung Burkina Faso di kidul, Mauritania di kulon jeung kalér-kulon, Aljazair di kalér jeung kalér-wétan, sarta Niger di wétan jeung tenggara, sareng Mali di kidul-kulon. Gao nyaéta kota panggedéna jeung ibu kota saheulaan, samentara Timbuktu mangrupa kota nu pangedéna kadua, sarta diniatkeun pikeun jadi ibu kota permanén.

Tingali ogé

Portal Portal Portal Portal

• Azawagh
• Fron Islam Arab Azawad
• Pemberontakan Tuareg (2007–2009)
• Gerakan Niger pikeun Kaadilan
• Daptar nagara kalawan pangakuan kawates

Pustaka

• Dubois, Felix; White, Diana (trans.) (1896). Timbuctoo the mysterious. New York: LongmansCitakan:Inconsistent citations Pemeliharaan CS1: Postscript (link).
• Fage, J. D. (1956). An Introduction to the History of West Africa. London: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 22Citakan:Inconsistent citations Pemeliharaan CS1: Postscript (link)
• Hacquard, Augustin (1900). "Monographie de Tombouctou". Paris: Société des études coloniales & maritimesCitakan:Inconsistent citations ; Pemeliharaan CS1: Postscript (link). Also available from Gallica.
• Hunwick, J. O. (2000). "Timbuktu". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume X (Édisi 2nd). Leiden: Brill. hlm. 508–510. ISBN 90-04-11211-1Citakan:Inconsistent citations Pemeliharaan CS1: Postscript (link).
• Hunwick, John O. (2003). Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 0585-6914Citakan:Inconsistent citations ; Pemeliharaan CS1: Postscript (link). First published in 1999 as ISBN 90-04-11207-3.
• Imperato, Pascal James (1989). Mali: A Search for Direction. Westview Press. ISBN 1-85521-049-5Citakan:Inconsistent citations ; Pemeliharaan CS1: Postscript (link).
• Kaba, Lansine (1981). "Archers, Musketeers, and Mosquitoes: The Moroccan Invasion of the Sudan and the Songhay Resistance (1591–1612)". Journal of African History. 22 (4): 457–475. doi:10.1017/S0021853700019861. JSTOR 181298. PMID 11632225Citakan:Inconsistent citations Pemeliharaan CS1: Postscript (link).
• Kirkby, Coel; Murray, Christina (2010). "Elusive Autonomy in Sub-Saharan Africa". Dina Weller, Marc; Nobbs, Katherine (éd.). Asymmetric Autonomy and the Settlement of Ethnic Conflicts. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. hlm. 97–120. ISBN 978-0-8122-4230-0.
• McIntosh, Roderick J. (2008), "Before Timbuktu: cities of the Elder World" (PDF), The Meanings of Timbuktu, HSRC Press, hlm. 31–43, diaksés tanggal 9 April 2012 Archived 27 Séptémber 2020 di Wayback Machine
• Saad, Elias N. (1983). Social History of Timbuktu: The Role of Muslim Scholars and Notables 1400–1900. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24603-2Citakan:Inconsistent citations Pemeliharaan CS1: Postscript (link).

Tumbu kaluar

• Ramatloka MNLA Archived 2012-06-09 di Wayback Machine

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