Azawad
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| Azawad ⴰⵣⴰⵓⴷ أزواد |
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| Nagara tanpa pangakuan kadaulatan | ||||
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| Ibu kota | Timbuktu (de jure) Gao (saheulaan) |
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| Basa | Tuareg · Songhay · Fula Arab Hassānīya Perancis |
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| Pamaréntahan | Déwan Transisi Nagara Azawad (Conseil de Transition de l'Etat de l'Azawad, CTEA) |
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| Présidén | ||||
| - 2012 | Bilal Ag Acherif | |||
| Wakil Présidén | ||||
| - 2012 | Mahamadou Djeri Maïga | |||
| Jaman | Konflik Mali Kalér | |||
| - Proklamasi | 6 April 2012 | |||
| - Patempuran Gao | 27 Juni 2012 | |||
| - Ansongo labuh | 12 Juli 2012 | |||
Azawad, kawanoh ogé salaku Nagara Merdika Azawad[1] (Tuareg: ⴰⵣⴰⵓⴷ, Azawd; Basa Arab: دولة أزواد المستقلة[2], Dawlat Azawād al-Mustaqillah; Basa Prancis: État indépendant de l’Azawad[1]), nyaéta hiji wewengkon di Mali beulah kalér sarta ogé urut nagara nu teu diakuan, proklamasi kamerdikaan Azawad sacara sapihak dinyatakeun ku Gerakan Nasional Pangbébasan Azawad (MNLA) dina 2012 sanggeus hiji Pamberontakan Tuareg nyandak Tentara Mali kaluar ti wewengkon ieu. Azawad, sakumaha diklaim ku MNLA, ngawengku région Timbuktu, Kidal, Gao, jeung sabagian ti Région Mopti,[3] mibanda kira-kira 60 persén ti total wewengkon Mali. Azawad wawatesan jeung Burkina Faso di kidul, Mauritania di kulon jeung kalér-kulon, Aljazair di kalér jeung kalér-wétan, sarta Niger di wétan jeung tenggara, sareng Mali di kidul-kulon. Gao nyaéta kota panggedéna jeung ibu kota saheulaan,[4] samentawis Timbuktu mangrupa kota nu pangedéna kadua, sarta diniatkeun pikeun jadi ibu kota permanén.
Citakan:Contains Tifinagh text
Daptar eusi
Tingali ogé[édit | édit sumber]
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Wikimedia Commons mibanda média séjénna nu patali jeung Azawad . |
- Azawagh
- Fron Islam Arab Azawad
- Pemberontakan Tuareg (2007–2009)
- Gerakan Niger pikeun Kaadilan
- Daptar nagara kalawan pangakuan kawates
Rujukan[édit | édit sumber]
- ↑ a b Bilal Ag Acherif (6 April 2012). "Déclaration d'indépendence de l'Azawad [Declaration of Independence of Azawad]" (dalam bahasa French). National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad. Diakses pada 6 April 2012.
- ↑ Bilal Ag Acherif (6 April 2012). "بيان استقلال أزواد [Declaration of Independence of Azawad]" (dalam bahasa Arabic). National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad. Diakses pada 28 April 2012.
- ↑ "Mali Tuareg rebels control Timbuktu as troops flee". BBC News. 1 April 2012. Diakses pada 3 April 2012.
- ↑ "Tuaregs claim 'independence' from Mali", 6 April 2012. Disalin 6 April 2012.
Pustaka[édit | édit sumber]
- Dubois, Felix; White, Diana (trans.) (1896). Timbuctoo the mysterious. New York: LongmansCitakan:Inconsistent citations.
- Fage, J. D. (1956). An Introduction to the History of West Africa. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 22Citakan:Inconsistent citations
- Hacquard, Augustin (1900). "Monographie de Tombouctou".. Also available from Gallica.
- Hunwick, J. O. (2000). "Timbuktu". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume X (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. pp. 508–510. ISBN 90-04-11211-1Citakan:Inconsistent citations.
- Hunwick, John O. (2003). Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 0585-6914 Cék ajén
|isbn=(help)Citakan:Inconsistent citations. First published in 1999 as ISBN 90-04-11207-3. - Imperato, Pascal James (1989). Mali: A Search for Direction. Westview Press. ISBN 1-85521-049-5Citakan:Inconsistent citations Paraméter nu teu kanyahoan
|unused_data=teu dipaliré (help). - Kaba, Lansine (1981). "Archers, Musketeers, and Mosquitoes: The Moroccan Invasion of the Sudan and the Songhay Resistance (1591–1612)". Journal of African History 22 (4): 457–475..
- Kirkby, Coel; Murray, Christina (2010). "Elusive Autonomy in Sub-Saharan Africa". In Weller, Marc; Nobbs, Katherine. Asymmetric Autonomy and the Settlement of Ethnic Conflicts. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 97–120. ISBN 978-0-8122-4230-0.
- McIntosh, Roderick J. (2008), "Before Timbuktu: cities of the Elder World", The Meanings of Timbuktu (HSRC Press): hlm. 31–43, diakses pada 9 April 2012
- Saad, Elias N. (1983). Social History of Timbuktu: The Role of Muslim Scholars and Notables 1400–1900. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24603-2Citakan:Inconsistent citations.
Tumbu kaluar[édit | édit sumber]
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